Further shades of meaning are expressed by a large number of verbal modifiers which are added sometimes to the verbal root, and sometimes to the verbal root plus the termination -a. These modifiers are followed by the suffixes already mentioned. The commonest are as follow:—
(1) vān indicates continuance. Alone it means “stay,” “remain,” “live.”
| Ana tsoavancho | = | I continued eating. |
| Ana ochi vana | = | I live there. |
(2) kam also indicates continuance.
Ana otsi tsoakāma = I am eating rice.
(3) chak implies completion.
Ana atsi tsochaka = I have eaten up my rice.
A reduplicated form of chak is also sometimes used to express the English pluperfect.
Ana atsi tsochakchaka = I had eaten up my rice.
(4) sāla implies immediate future.