(7) leha or chakla denote concession.
Ana otsi ntsoleha woka = Though I have not eaten I will go.
Directional Prefixes. Certain prefixes are added to verbs of motion to indicate direction.
(1) chung = “up”; chungwoka = I will go up.
(2) cho = “down”; chowoka = I will go down.
(3) thre or thro = “in”; threyia = come in. throwoa = go in.
(4) chi = “out”; chiyia = go out.
Conditional Clauses. A conditional clause is usually expressed participially by means of the postposition -na added to the verbal stem. Another method is to add -wo to the verbal root of the protasis and -katola to the verbal root of the apodosis.
Otsi hello liwo ana tsokatola[5] = If rice were here I would eat.
Purpose. Purpose is usually expressed by adding the postposition -lo, “to,” to the verbal root. It may also be expressed by the prefix e-, either with or without the postposition -lo, or by the suffix kiatto.