10. er varies with later ar; as fer, hertely—far, hartely.
11. f varies with u (= v): (i) initially (Southern); as fader—uader: (ii) finally (Northern); as haf(e)—haue.
12. ght varies with ȝt, cht (Scottish), ht, st; as nyght—niȝt, nycht, nyht, seuenist.
13. i (vowel) varies with y, passim: i, y varies with (i) e in Northern texts; as hider, liuen, myddel—heder, leue, medill: (ii) with e, (South) Western u; as hil, fyrst—hell, uerst—hul, furst.
14. o, oo (= ǭ) varies in Northern texts with (i) a; as hot, hoot—hate: (ii) hence also with ai (see 2): (iii) with oi, oy; see next.
15. o, oo (= ọ̄) varies in Northern texts with (i) ou, u; as god, good—goud, gud(e): (ii) oi, oy; as none, noon—noyne.
16. (s)sch varies with (s)sh, ss; as schewe—shewe, ssewe; fle(s)sch—flessh.
17. þ varies with th, passim.
18. u (in au, eu, ou) varies with w, passim; see 21.
19. u, v (= u) varies with o (esp. before m, n); as sun(ne)—sonne; but—bot(e); see also 15.