[1]. Virginius Dabney, “Nearer and Nearer the Precipice,” The Atlantic Monthly (January 1943).
[2]. From the Atlanta Manifesto issued by white Southern citizens in 1944. Italics mine.
[3]. From Southern Legacy.
[4]. The courts denied Holcutt, a North Carolina Negro, the right to enroll in the State University. The courts upheld Sweatt’s suit for the same right in Texas.
[5]. Marcus Garvey was a West Indian Negro who aroused a considerable interest, and organized a great following, back in the 1920’s, around the slogan “Back to Africa.”
[6]. See his speech to Congress on August 24, 1919.
[7]. Jay Lovestone, “The Sixth World Congress of the Communist International,” Communist, VII, No. 11; Nov. 1928, pp. 673–674.
[8]. William F. Dunne, “Negroes in American Industries,” Workers Monthly, IV, No. 6; Apr. 1925.
[9]. Nor, it seems, are white colleges. Gordon Allport’s study “Is Intergroup Education Possible?” (Harvard Educational Review, Vol. 15, No. 2), indicates that white college graduates, though more democratic than white high-school graduates, are not enough so to ensure the survival of democracy.