[190] In 1880, when the canal had been commenced, unskilled labour was paid 3s. 8d. per day. The supply at that rate was, however, insufficient, and the rate of wages was increased from time to time, until in 1877 they had reached a minimum of 7s. per day.
[191] ‘Edinburgh Review.’
[192] Paper read in 1887 before the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
[193] According to M. Reclus, 4010 square kilometres (‘Comptes Rendus,’ p. 265).
[194] This has been established by the levels of Col. Lloyd.
[195] ‘Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences,’ vol. xciii. 1887.
[196] Engineering, August 26, 1887.
[197] Commander Taylor’s paper on “The General Question of Isthmian Transit,” read before the American Association for the Advancement of Science, August 1887.
[198] The bottom of the canal is here 164 feet below the river, which, again, is 80 feet below the Panama Railway. The three courses run parallel at this point.
[199] Engineering, Aug. 5, 1887.