2. United States Circuit Courts, holding at least one session annually in each state.
3. United States District Courts, from one to three in each state. See pages 307-9.
4. A United States Court of Claims, to hear claims against the government. Such claims were formerly examined by congress.
Although not strictly United States Courts, the following may also be mentioned here, because they were established under authority of this clause:
1. The Supreme Court of the District of Columbia.
2. A Supreme Court and District Courts in each territory.
"Constituting" these courts involves establishing them, designating the number, appointment, and salaries of the judges, and the powers of each court. The term of United States judges is "during good behavior." This is fixed by the constitution (Art. III., section 1). The term of a territorial judge is four years.
Clause 10.—Crimes at Sea.
To define and punish piracies[1] and felonies[2] committed on the high seas[3] and offenses against the law of nations.[4]
[1] Piracy is robbery at sea, performed not by an individual but by a ship's crew. Pirates are outlaws, and may be put to death by any nation capturing them.