A standing army is dangerous to liberty, because it is commanded by the executive, to whom it yields unquestioning obedience. Armies obey commands, while citizens comply with laws. And thus a large standing army creates a caste, out of sympathy with the lives of citizens. More than one republic has been overthrown by a successful military leader, supported by a devoted army.
As a matter of fact, congress makes the appropriation annually.
Clause 13.—The Navy.
To provide and maintain a navy.
The navy is necessary to protect fisheries and commerce. And in times of war the navy is needed to protect our sea coast, to transport soldiers, to cripple the enemy's resources, and to render blockades effectual.
It will be noticed that there is no limitation upon appropriations for the navy. This is for two general reasons: First, there is nothing to fear from a navy. "No nation was ever deprived of its liberty by its navy." Second, it takes time to provide a navy, and it should therefore be kept at all times in a state of efficiency.
For further information about the army and navy, see page 309.
Clause 14.—Army and Navy Regulations.
To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces.
This is an incident to the preceding powers.