Studies in Civics

by J. T. McCleary

SUBORDINATE SHIP OFFICERS:

8 Lieutenants, $2,400 to $2,600.
9 Masters, $1,800 to $2,000.
10 Ensigns, $1,200 to $1,400.

For names of officers, see Political Almanac.

JUSTICES OF THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT. (Names of the Chief Justices in italics)

SERVICE
NAME TERM YEARS BORN DIED
John Jay, N Y 1789 1795 6 1745 1829
John Rutledge, S C 1789 1791 2 1739 1800
William Cushing, Mass 1789 1800 21 1733 1810
James Wilson, Pa 1789 1798 9 1742 1798
John Blair, Va 1789 1796 7 1732 1800
Robert H Harrison, Md 1789 1790 1 1745 1790
James Iredell, N C 1790 1799 9 1751 1799
Thomas Johnson, Md 1791 1793 2 1732 1819
William Paterson, N J 1793 1806 13 1745 1806
John Rutledge, S C 1795 1739 1800
Samuel Chase, Md 1796 1811 15 1741 1811
Oliver Ellsworth,
Ct 1796 1800 5 1745 1807
Bushrod Washington, Va 1798 1829 31 1762 1829
Alfred Moore, N C 1799 1804 5 1755 1835
John Marshall, Va 1801 1835 34 1771 1834
William Johnson, S C 1804 1834 30 1757 1823
Brock Livingston, N Y 1806 1823 17 1765 1826
Thomas Todd, Ky 1807 1826 19 1765 1826
Joseph Story, Mass 1811 1845 34 1770 1846
Gabriel Duval, Md 1811 1836 25 1732 1844
Smith Thompson, N Y 1823 1843 20 1767 1843
Robert Trimble, Ky 1826 1828 2 1777 1828
John McLean, Ohio 1829 1861 32 1785 1861
Henry Baldwin, Pa 1830 1844 16 1779 1844
James M Wayne, Ga 1835 1867 32 1790 1867
Roger B Taney, Md 1836 1864 28 1777 1864
Philip P Barbour, Va 1836 1841 5 1783 1841
John Catron, Tenn 1837 1865 28 1786 1865
John McKinley, Ala 1837 1852 15 1780 1852
Peter V Daniel, Va 1841 1860 19 1785 1860
Samuel Nelson, N Y 1845 1872 27 1792 1873
Levi Woodbury, N H 1845 1851 6 1789 1851
Robert C Grier, Pa 1846 1870 23 1794 1870
Benj R Curtis, Mass 1851 1857 6 1800 1874
John A Campbell, Ala 1853 1861 8 1811 1889
Nathan Clifford, Maine 1858 1881 23 1803 1881
Noah H Swayne, Ohio 1861 1881 20 1804 1884
Samuel F Miller, Iowa 1862 1890 28 1816 1890
David Davis, Ill 1862 1877 15 1815 1885
Stephen J Field, Cal 1863 1816
Salmon P Chase,
Ohio 1864 1873 9 1808 1873
William Strong, Pa 1870 1880 10 1808
Joseph P Bradley, N J 1870 1892 22 1818 1892
Ward Hunt, N Y 1872 1882 10 1811 1886
Morrison R Waite,
Ohio 1874 1888 14 1816 1888
John M Harlan, Ky 1877 1877
William B Woods, Ga 1880 1887 7 1824 1887
Stanley Matthews, Ohio 1881 1889 8 1824 1889
Horace Gray, Mass 1881 1828
Samuel Blatchford, N Y 1882 1893 11 1820 1893
Lucius Q C Lamar, Miss 1888 1993 5 1825 1893
Melville W Fuller,
Ill 1888 1833
David J Brewer, Kan 1889 1837
Henry B Brown, Mich 1890 1836
George Shiras Jr, Pa 1892 1832
Howell D Jackson, Tenn 1893 1895 2 1832 1895
Edward D White, La 1893 1845
Rufus W Peckham 1895 1837

UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY AT WEST POINT.

Each Congressional District and Territory—also the District of Columbia— is entitled to have one cadet at the Academy. There are also ten appointments at large, specially conferred by the President of the United States. The number of students is thus limited to three hundred and seventy-one.

Appointments are usually made one year in advance of date of admission, by the Secretary of War, upon the nomination of the Representative. These nominations may either be made after competitive examinations or given direct, at the option of the Representative. Appointees to the Military Academy must be between seventeen and twenty-two years of age, free from any infirmity which may render them unfit for military service, and able to pass a careful examination in reading, writing, orthography, arithmetic, grammar, geography, and history of the United States.

The course of instruction, which is quite thorough, requires four years, and is largely mathematical and professional. About one-fourth of those appointed usually fail to pass the preliminary examination, and but little over one-half the remainder are finally graduated. The discipline is very strict—even more so than in the army—and the enforcement of penalties for offences is inflexible rather than severe. Academic duties begin September 1 and continue until June 1. Examinations are held in each January and June.

From about the middle of June to the end of August cadets live in camp, engaged only in military duties and receiving practical military instruction. Cadets are allowed but one leave of absence during the four years' course, and this is granted at the expiration of the first two years. The pay of a cadet is five hundred and forty dollars per year. Upon graduating, cadets are commissioned as second lieutenants in the United States Army.