Radish (1917), 576,746,000 kwan; taro (1917), 159,168,000 kwan; burdock (1917), 43,424,000 kwan; turnip (1917), 41,527,000 kwan; onion (1917), 37,601,000 kwan; carrot (1917), 26,976,000 kwan; cabbage (1917); 19,951,000 kwan; wax-tree seed (1918), 13,761,000 kwan; rush for matting, (1918), 10,442,000 kwan; flax (1918), 17,300,000 kwan; ginger (1918), 8,189,000 kwan; paper mulberry (1918), 6,964,000 kwan; peppermint (1918), 3,380,000 kwan; lily (1917), 682,000 kwan; chillies (1918), 441,000 kwan.
[ EMIGRANTS AND RESIDENTS ABROAD (LXXIV).] The latest official figures as to Japanese resident abroad, supplied in 1921 and probably gathered in 1920, are:
| Asia | ||
| China | 200,740 | |
| Kwantung | 79,307 | |
| Tsingtao | 23,555 | |
| Philippines | 11,156 | |
| Strait Settlements | 10,828 | |
| Russian Asia | 7,028 | |
| Dutch India | 4,436 | |
| Hongkong | 3,083 | |
| India | 1,278 | |
| Burma | 680 | |
| Indo-China | 371 | |
Europe | ||
| England | 1,638 | |
| Germany | 409 | |
| Holland | 375 | |
| France | 342 | |
| Switzerland | 87 | |
| Italy | 34 | |
| Belgium | 12 | |
| Sweden | 10 | |
North America | ||
| U.S.A. | 115,186 | |
| Hawaii | 112,221 | |
| Canada | 17,716 | |
| Mexico | 2,198 | |
| Panama | 225 | |
| South America | ||
| Brazil | 34,258 | |
| Peru | 10,102 | |
| Argentine | 1,958 | |
| Chile | 484 | |
| Bolivia | 145 | |
Africa | ||
| South Africa | 38 | |
| Egypt | 35 | |
Oceania | ||
| Australia | 5,274 | |
| South Seas | 3,399 | |
| Total | 648,915 |
(The comparable return for 1918 was 493,845.) It has been suggested that these official statistics are incomplete; 7,000 as the number of Japanese in Russian territory seems low. Even during the War, in 1917, passports were issued to 62,000 Japanese going abroad. Of these, according to the Japan Year-book, 23,000 were made out for Siberia. Professor Shiga has stated that "no small number" of Japanese leave their country as stowaways.
[ RISE IN PRODUCTION PER "TAN" OF PADDY [LXXV].] The 3 or 4 koku is reached in favourable circumstances only. The average is far below this, but it rises, as shown in [Appendix XV].
Between 1887 and 1915 the area under barley and wheat rose from 1,591,000 chō to 1,812,000 chō, the yield from 15,822,000 koku to 23,781,000 koku and the yield per tan from .994 koku to 1.313. Between 1882 and 1914 the increase in the crops of the three varieties of millet averaged .515 koku per tan. The increased yield of soy beans was .229 koku per tan, of sweet potatoes 138 kwamme per tan and of Irish potatoes 138 kwamme.
[ LABOURERS [LXXVI].] When hired labour is required on farms it is supplied either by relatives and neighbours or by the surplus labour of strangers who are small farmers or members of a small farmer's family. According to the Department of Agriculture: "Ordinary fixed employees are upon an equal social footing. Apprentice labourers are very numerous. No working class holds a special social position as such. This is the greatest point of difference between the Japanese agricultural labour situation and that of Europe." The number of labourers in October 1920 was:
| Day | Seasonal | All the year round | Total | ||
| Labourers living solely on wages, agricultural and other | male | 119,676 | 52,007 | 49,110 | 220,793 |
| female | 80,870 | 42,193 | 23,862 | 146,925 | |
| 200,546 | 94,200 | 72,972 | 367,718 | ||
| Labourers who are labourers part of their time | male | 949,266 | 407,596 | 188,369 | 1,546,231 |
| female | 646,720 | 405,131 | 116,152 | 1,168,003 | |
| 1,595,986 | 813,727 | 304,521 | 2,714,234 | ||
| Total | 1,796,532 | 907,927 | 377,493 | 3,081,952 | |
In addition to the total of 3,081,952 "there are 32,973 agricultural labourers who are boys and girls under 14."
[ DECREASE OF FARMERS TILLING THEIR OWN LAND [LXXVII].] In 1914 the number of farmers owning their own land was 1,731,247; in 1919 it had fallen to 1,700,747. In 1914 the number of tenants was 1,520,476; in 1919 it had increased to 1,545,639. That is, there were 30,500 fewer landowners and 25,163 more tenants. During the period between 1914 and 1919 the number of farmers (landowners and tenants) increased 30,293. While from 1909 to 1914 the percentage of landowners fell from 33.27 to 31.73, the percentage of tenant farmers rose from 27.69 to 27.87 and the percentage of persons partly owner and partly tenant from 39.04 to 40.40. See [Appendix XXXIV].