Across the sub-Arctics of Canada

by J. W. Tyrrell

• Arctic birds, [132].
• Arctic hare, [132], [185].
• Bear, black, [73].
• Bear, polar, [132], [158], [159], [189-198], [218], [225].
• Buffalo, [89];
• trails of, [13].
• Caribou. (See [Reindeer].)
• Duck, wild, [160], [184], [187].
• Ermine, [98].
• Fox, [161], [235].
• Goose, wild, [47], [58], [102], [112].
• Gull, [184].
• Loon, [17].
• Marmot, [187].
• Moose, [23-25].
• Musk ox, [107], [113].
• Pike, [58].
• Ptarmigan, [160], [185], [186], [204], [205], [208], [234], [235].
• Rabbit, [43], [186], [235].
• Reindeer (or caribou), [84-87], [95], [96], [99], [109], [132], [147-149], [186-188], [224-226].
• Salmon trout, [66], [93], [161].
• Seal, [127-171], [203].
• Walrus, [132], [133], [140], [153-158].
• Whale, [132], [133], [182].
• Whitefish, [51], [66], [93], [161], [245].
• Wolf, [17], [23], [98], [99], [108], [120], [120], [161], [224], [225].
• Wolverine, [99], [100].

TIMBER, MINERALS, ETC.

• Aspen, [81].
• Balsam, [47].
• Birch, [21], [40], [57], [71], [111], [245], [246].
• Coal, [14], [60].
• Copper, [173].
• Fir, [59].
• Glaciers, [81].
• Gneiss, Laurentian, [57], [175].
• Gold, [14], [173].
• Huronian schists, [118], [173], [182].
• Iron ore, [60].
• Jack-pine, [16], [17], [58], [245], [246].
• Lignite, [14].
• Limestone, [38], [39];
• Cambrio-Silurian, [92].
• Marl, [120].
• Natural gas, [36].
• Poplar, [15], [21], [40], [46], [57], [245], [246].
• Quartzite, [109], [181].
• Sand, curious hills of, [99], [105].
• Sand, “Kames,” [80].
• Sandstone, cretaceous, [57];
• soft, [111].
• Silver, [173].
• Spruce, [17], [21], [40], [46], [47], [57], [71], [84], [90], [93], [203], [204], [227], [245], [246].
• Tamarack, [79], [84], [85].
• Tar sand beds, [36], [37].
• Trappean rock, [110], [173].
• Willow, [111], [208].

RIVERS, LAKES AND LOCALITIES.

• Aberdeen Lake, [112], [114].
• Active Man Lake, [8].
• Alaska, [130].
• Arctic Ocean, [8], [19], [28], [111].
• Asia, [130].
• Athabasca Delta, [47].
• Athabasca Lake, [7], [10], [12], [15], [20], [28], [48], [56], [57], [58], [77], [80], [84].
• Athabasca Landing, [15], [17], [19], [20], [26], [40].
• Athabasca River, [9], [12], [15], [17], [19], [21], [26], [36], [40].
• Back Lake, [246].
• Baker Lake, [111], [125], [172].
• Barlow Lake, [84].
• Barren Lands, [7], [8], [90], [93], [101], [110], [113], [124-5], [216].
• Beaver Hills, [60].
• Behring Straits, [130].
• Berens River, [249].
• Big Cascade, [38].
• Birch Lake, [73].
• Black Lake, [7], [8], [49], [53], [64], [68], [69], [76], [77], [172-3], [175-6].
• Boiler Rapid, [37].
• Brûle Rapid, [36].
• Button’s Bay, [208].
• Calgary, [13], [14].
• Cary Lake, [85], [90].
• Caughnawaga, [9].
• Chesterfield Inlet, [119], [172], [174], [176], [178], [179], [182].
• Churchill River, [210-11].
• Clear Water River, [40].
• Clinton Golden Lake, [112].
• Copper Mine River, [94], [216].
• Corbet’s Inlet, [183].
• Crooked Rapid, [38].
• Daly Lake, [80], [81].
• Deer Lake, [245].
• Duck Creek, [230].
• Edmonton, [10], [12], [14], [20], [61].
• Fishing River, [58].
• Flamboro’ Head, [233].
• Fort Chippewyan, [12], [45-55], [61], [63].
• Fort Churchill, [107-8], [174-177], [181], [187], [191], [200], [203-221], [224], [226], [232], [239], [242-3].
• Fort Fond du Lac, [59], [61], [75].
• Fort McMurray, [9], [10], [26], [28], [30], [36], [40], [42-6].
• Fort Prince of Wales, [210-217].
• Fort Smith, [28], [46].
• Fort Vermilion, [49].
• Fox River, [244].
• Grand Rapids, [20], [26-28], [32-36], [42].
• Grassy Island, [208].
• Great Fish River, [111].
• Great Slave Lake, [7], [53], [112].
• Great Slave River, [28], [55].
• Hamilton, [7].
• Hays River, [241], [243], [245].
• Heart Creek, [232].
• Height of Land, [8], [17], [76-81], [173].
• Hudson Bay, [7], [8], [107-8], [119], [124], [130], [172], [174], [181].
• Hudson Straits, [45], [53], [107], [130], [164], [192].
• Isle-à-la-Crosse, [9], [41].
• Lachine Rapids, [9].
• Lady Marjorine Lake, [110].
• Lake of the Woods, [118], [173].
• Lake Superior, [173].
• Lake Winnipeg, [247], [249].
• Little Cascade, [38].
• Long Rapids, [38].
• Lower Telzoa River, [102-113].
• Mackenzie River, [19], [26], [28], [48], [129].
• Manitoba, [12].
• Marble Island, [107], [181-2].
• Markham Lake, [91], [92].
• Montreal, [221].
• Mountain Rapid, [37], [38].
• Nelson River, [238-9], [243].
• Neville Bay, [185].
• North Bay, [12].
• North Pole, [174].
• North-West Passage, [172], [214].
• Norway House, [244], [247-8].
• Old Man Island, [60].
• Oxford House, [241-2], [244], [247].
• Peace River, [49].
• Prince Albert, [9].
• Prince of Wales Sound, [130];
• Cape, [164].
• Rankin Inlet, [183].
• Rapid of the Jolly Fool, [23].
• Rocky Mountains, [14].
• Salmon Creek, [226].
• Sam’s Creek, [231].
• Saskatchewan River, [14], [17], [248-9].
• Schultz Lake, [115], [117].
• Seal Islands, [236].
• Selkirk, [249].
• Selwyn Lake, [74], [78].
• Sloop’s Cove, [214].
• Stone River, [64-5].
• Stony River, [218], [226].
• Telzoa River Delta, [124].
• Telzoa River Rapids, [83].
• Telzoa River, [77], [82], [91], [92].
• Tobaunt Lake, [94], [99], [173].
• Toronto, [7], [12].
• Twin Mountains, [110].
• West Selkirk, [248].
• Wharton Lake, [109].
• White Bear Creek, [230].
• White Mountain, [110].
• Winnipeg, [12].
• Wolverine Lake, [8], [71], [76].
• Wolverine River, [73].
• York Factory, [218], [228], [230], [232], [239-246].

MISCELLANEOUS.

• Adventures:
• in Boiler Rapid, [37];
• in Mountain Rapid, [39-40];
• with a black bear, [73];
• on Telzoa River, [83];
• on Corbet’s Inlet, [183-4];
• at sea, [201-2];
• on Nelson River, [236];
• on Back Lake, [246].
• American naturalist, meeting an, [48].
• Ancient sea-beaches, [114].
• Arrival at Fort Churchill, [209].
• Arrival at Nelson River, [231].
• Arrival at Norway House, [247].
• Arrival at West Selkirk, [249].
• Athabasca, steamer, [20], [26], [27].
• Black flies, [66].
• Bread-making, novel method of, [75].
• Breeding-place of wild geese, [102].
• Buffalo trails, ancient, [13].
• Cacheing our supplies, [200].
• Cairn of rocks built, [90], [95], [180].
• Camp in the woods, [222-3].
• Canadian, an old-time, [247].
• Canadian Geological Survey, [7], [37], [70], [74], [173].
• Canadian Pacific Railway, [12], [13].
• Canoe race with Indians, [20].
• Canoes secured, [9].
• Corrigal meets with accident, [66].
• Crossing Nelson River, [236-8].
• Crippled, [220].
• Deer vs. canoe, a race, [85].
• Desperate situation, [203].
• Dog-sleds, [219].
• Dried fish and seal-oil, [238].
• Dysentery, [201].
• Encounter with polar bears, [189-90], [192-5], [218].
• Encounter with wolves, [98].
• Eskimos, bartering with, [107], [123], [175].
• Eskimos first met with, [105].
• Eskimos, photographing, [120].
• Eskimo, appearance of, [127-8];
• clothing, [128-9];
• tattooing, [129];
• cheek-stones, [129];
• origin of, [130];
• range of, [130];
• temperament, [132], [161], [164];
• feast, [132-3];
• dwellings, [135-9];
• ingenuity, [139];
• implements, [139];
• kyack, [141];
• oomiack, [142];
• komitick, [143];
• dog-whip, [144];
• sleeping-bag, [145];
• customs, [147-171];
• weapons, [147], [153-5], [160];
• seal-hunting, [149-153];
• walrus-hunting, [155-8];
• polar bear-hunting, [158-9];
• hunting birds, [159-60];
• fishing, [160-1];
• trapping, [161];
• amusements, [162-4];
• marriages, [165];
• religious beliefs and ceremonies, [165-9];
• laws, [169-70];
• legends, [170];
• burials, [171];
• vocabulary, [273].
• Famine at Fort McMurray, [42-3].
• Feeding dogs at H. B. Co.’s posts, [51].
• Finding Eskimo cache, [109].
• First camp, [21].
• First rapid, [23].
• Flora, collecting, [70].
• Forest, limit of, [83].
• François’ chase of wolverine, [99], [100-1].
• François’ tug-of-war, [237-8]
• French missionaries returning, [59].
• Fur trade, new conditions in, [241].
• Gale on Lake Tobaunt, [102].
• Glaciers, [81].
• Grahame, steamer, [28], [45], [46], [52], [55].
• Grove of spruce, isolated, [90].
• Guide procured, [53].
• Guide deserts us, [62-4].
• Historic ruins, [210], [215-17].
• Hudson’s Bay Company, [9], [12], et seq.
• Ice-fields on Lake Tobaunt, [96-8].
• Ice, massive walls of, [22].
• Ice-pack, all night in an, [202].
• Indians:
• Chippewyan, [7], [32], [40], [48], [221];
• Cree, [23], [40], [43], [219], [230];
• Iroquois, [9].
• Inventory of our supplies, [54].
• Indian camps, [77], [227], [230];
• dance, [32];
• log-houses, [64];
• maps, [8];
• tepee, [227];
• tradition, [69];
• types of, [18].
• Iroquois, craftiness of our, [71].
• Kyack vs. canoe, a race, [120].
• Last trees seen, [93].
• Louis crippled, [249].
• Louis shoots polar bear, [189-90].
• Low temperature, [245], [247].
• Mathematical instruments provided, [10].
• Meeting an old shipmate, [45].
• Michel’s feet frozen, [202].
• Michel left at York Factory, [242].
• Missionaries, hospitable, [211].
• Moose hunt, [24].
• Mosquito torments, [55], [66].
• Moss-bogs, [81].
• Moss fuel, [101].
• Mountain of iron ore, [60].
• Musk-ox robes, [122], [123].
• Nailing up the flag of Canada, [79].
• Names carved on rocks, [215].
• Navigation of Athabasca River, [26-28].
• Navigation of Telzoa River, [173].
• North-West Mounted Police, [26];
• banqueted by, [28].
• Our only seal shot, [203].
• Our party separates, [248].
• Parting with civilization, [70].
• Perilous situation, [236].
• Picturesque scenery, [14], [19], [21-2], [46], [112-13].
• Plants collected, list of, [251-72].
• Pierre exhausted, [204].
• Poisoned by polar bear liver, [192].
• Portaging, an achievement in, [71].
• Prairie travel, [15-17].
• Provisions exhausted, [234].
• Reaching tide water, [176].
• Red River cart trail, ancient, [244].
• Relief party from Churchill, [206].
• Remarkable island, [92].
• Rich mineral district, [173].
• Running the Grand Rapids, [33-35].
• Sand formations, curious, [80-1], [99].
• Seventeen hours in ice-water, [203].
• Shooting pike with revolver, [58].
• Snow-blindness, [134].
• Snow-goggles, [135].
• Snowshoes, [221];
• practice with, [215].
• Snow in August, [96].
• Solitary grave, [60], [75].
• Starving Cree camp, [44].
• Stone pillars, [113].
• Storm on Baker Lake, [175].
• Storm on the Telzoa, [116].
• Struggle with shore-ice, [199-203].
• Tar wells, curious, [37].
• Tepee remains, ancient, [92].
• Travelling by carryall, [248-9].
• Visit to Eskimo camp, [118].
• Visit to Eskimo village, [122].
• Water-spouts on Daly Lake, [80].
• Welcome ablutions, [240].
• Whale-boat on Chesterfield Inlet, [177].
• Winter sets in, [199].
• Without food or fuel, [187].
• Wood violets, [90].
• Wrigley, steamer, [28], [46].