APPENDIX.
STATISTICS BEARING ON THE TENEMENT PROBLEM.
Statistics of population were left out of the text in the hope that the results of this year’s census would be available as a basis for calculation before the book went to press. They are now at hand, but their correctness is disputed. The statisticians of the Health Department claim that New York’s population has been underestimated a hundred thousand at least, and they appear to have the best of the argument. A re-count is called for, and the printer will not wait. Such statistics as follow have been based on the Health Department estimates, except where the census source is given. The extent of the quarrel of official figures may be judged from this one fact, that the ordinarily conservative and careful calculations of the Sanitary Bureau make the death-rate of New York, in 1889, 25.19 for the thousand of a population of 1,575,073, while the census would make it 26.76 in a population of 1,482,273.
| Population of | New York, 1880 | (census) | 1,206,299 | |||
| ” | London, 1881 | ” | 3,816,483 | |||
| ” | Philadelphia, 1880 | ” | 846,980 | |||
| ” | Brooklyn, 1880 | ” | 566,689 | |||
| ” | Boston, 1880 | ” | 362,535 | |||
| ” | New York, 1889 | (estimated) | 1,575,073 | |||
| ” | London, 1889 | ” | 4,351,738 | |||
| ” | Philadelphia, 1889 | ” | 1,040,245 | |||
| ” | Brooklyn, ” | ” | 814,505 | |||
| ” | Boston, ” | ” | 420,000 | |||
| ” | New York under five years of age, in | 1880 | 140,327 | |||
| ” | ” | ” | ” | ” | 1889 | |
| (estimated) | 182,770 | |||||
| Population of tenements in New York in | 1869[25] | (census) | 468,492 | |||
| ” | ” | ” | ” | 1888[26] | ” | 1,093,701 |
| ” | ” | ” | ” | under five years of age | 143,243 | |
| Population of | New York in 1880(census) | 1,206,299 | ||||
| ” | Manhattan Island in 1880 (census) | 1,164,673 | ||||
| ” | Tenth Ward in 1880 (census) | 47,554 | ||||
| ” | Eleventh Ward in 1880 (census) | 68,778 | ||||
| ” | Thirteenth Ward in 1880 (census) | 37,797 | ||||
| ” | New York in 1890 (census) | 1,513,501 | ||||
| ” | Manhattan Island in 1890 (census) | 1,440,101 | ||||
| ” | Tenth Ward in 1890 (census) | 57,514 | ||||
| ” | Eleventh Ward ” ” | 75,708 | ||||
| ” | Thirteenth Ward in 1890 (census) | 45,882 | ||||
| Number of acres | in New York City | 24,890 | ||||
| ” ” | Manhattan Island | 12,673 | ||||
| ” ” | Tenth Ward | 110 | ||||
| ” ” | Eleventh Ward | 196 | ||||
| ” ” | Thirteenth Ward | 107 | ||||
| Density of population per acre in 1880, New York City | 48.4 | |||||
| Density of population per acre in 1880, Manhattan Island | 92.6 | |||||
| Density of population per acre in 1880, Tenth Ward | 432.3 | |||||
| Density of population per acre in 1880, Eleventh Ward | 350.9 | |||||
| Density of population per acre in 1880, Thirteenth Ward | 353.2 | |||||
| Density of population per acre in 1890, New York City (census) | 60.08 | |||||
| Density of population per acre in 1890, Manhattan Island (census) | 114.53 | |||||
| Density of population per acre in 1890, Tenth Ward (census) | 522.00 | |||||
| Density of population per acre in 1890, Eleventh Ward (census) | 386.00 | |||||
| Density of population per acre in 1890, Thirteenth Ward (census) | 428.8 | |||||
| Density of population to the square mile in 1880, New York City (census) | 30,976 | |||||
| Density of population to the square mile in 1880, Manhattan Island (census) | 41,264 | |||||
| Density of population to the square mile in 1880, Tenth Ward (census) | 276,672 | |||||
| Density of population to the square mile in 1880, Eleventh Ward (census) | 224,576 | |||||
| Density of population to the square mile in 1880, Thirteenth Ward (census) | 226,048 | |||||
| Density of population to the square mile in 1890, New York City (census) | 38,451 | |||||
| Density of population to the square mile in 1890, Manhattan Island (census) | 73,299 | |||||
| Density of population to the square mile in 1890, Tenth Ward (census) | 334,080 | |||||
| Density of population to the square mile in 1890, Eleventh Ward (census) | 246,040 | |||||
| Density of population to the square mile in 1890, Thirteenth Ward (census) | 274,432 | |||||
| Number of persons to a dwelling in New York, 1880 (census) | 16.37 | |||||
| Number of persons to a dwelling in London, 1881 (census) | 7.9 | |||||
| Number of persons to a dwelling in Philadelphia, 1880 (census) | 5.79 | |||||
| Number of persons to a dwelling in Brooklyn, 1880 (census) | 9.11 | |||||
| Number of persons to a dwelling in Boston, 1880 (census) | 8.26 | |||||
| Number of deaths in | New York, 1880 | 31,937 | ||||
| ” ” | London, 1881 | 81,431 | ||||
| ” ” | Philadelphia, 1880 | 17,711 | ||||
| ” ” | Brooklyn, 1880 | 13,222 | ||||
| ” ” | Boston, 1880 | 8,612 | ||||
| Death-rate of | New York, 1880 | 26.47 | ||||
| ” | London, 1881 | 21.3 | ||||
| ” | Philadelphia, 1880 | 20.91 | ||||
| ” | Brooklyn, 1880 | 23.33 | ||||
| ” | Boston, 1880 | 23.75 | ||||
| Number of deaths in | New York, 1889 | 39,679 | ||||
| ” ” | London, 1889 | 75,683 | ||||
| ” ” | Philadelphia, 1889 | 20,536 | ||||
| ” ” | Brooklyn, 1889 | 8,288 | ||||
| ” ” | Boston, 1889 | 10,259 | ||||
| Death-rate of | New York, 1889 | 25.19 | ||||
| ” | London, 1889 | 17.4 | ||||
| ” | Philadelphia, 1889 | 19.7 | ||||
| ” | Brooklyn, 1889 | 22.5 | ||||
| ” | Boston, 1889 | 24.42 | ||||
For every person who dies there are always two disabled by illness, so that there was a regular average of 79,358 New Yorkers on the sick-list at any moment last year. It is usual to count 28 cases of sickness the year round for every death, and this would give a total for the year 1889 of 1,111,082 of illness of all sorts.
| Number of deaths in tenements in New York, 1869 | 13,285 |
| ” ” ” ” ” ” 1888 | 24,842 |
| Death-rate in tenements in New York, 1869 | 28.35 |
| ” ” ” ” ” 1888 | 22.71 |
This is exclusive of deaths in institutions, properly referable to the tenements in most cases. The adult death-rate is found to decrease in the larger tenements of newer construction. The child mortality increases, reaching 114.04 per cent. of 1,000 living in houses containing between 60 and 80 tenants. From this point it decreases with the adult death-rate.
| Number of deaths in | prisons, New York, 1889 | 85 |
| ” ” | hospitals, New York, 1889 | 6,102 |
| ” ” | lunatic asylums, New York, 1889 | 448 |
| ” ” | institutions for children, New York, 1889 | 522 |
| ” ” | homes for aged, New York, 1889 | 238 |
| ” ” | almshouse, New York, 1889 | 424 |
| ” ” | other institutions, New York, 1889 | 162 |
| Number of burials in city cemetery (paupers), New York, 1889 | 3,815 | |
| Percentage of such burials on total | 9.64 | |
| Number of tenants weeded out of overcrowded tenements, New York, 1889 | 1,246 | |
| Number of tenants weeded out of overcrowded tenements, in first half of 1890[27] | 1,068 | |
| Number of sick poor visited by summer corps of doctors, New York, 1890 | 16,501 | |
Police Statistics.
| Males. | Females. | |
| Arrests made by the police in 1889 | 62,274 | 19,926 |
| Number of arrests for drunkenness and disorderly | 20,253 | 8,981 |
| Number of arrests for disorderly conduct | 10,953 | 7,477 |
| ” ” assault and battery | 4,534 | 497 |
| ” ” theft | 4,399 | 721 |
| ” ” robbery | 247 | 10 |
| ” ” vagrancy | 1,686 | 947 |
| Prisoners unable to read or write | 2,399 | 1,281 |
| Number of lost children found in the streets, 1889 | 2,968 | |
| ” sick and destitute cared for, 1889 | 2,753 | |
| Found sick in the streets | 1,211 | |
| Number of pawnshops in city, 1889 | 110 | |
| ” cheap lodging-houses, 1889 | 270 | |
| ” saloons, 1889 | 7,884 | |
Immigration.