[22] In printing-offices the broken, worn-out, and useless type is thrown into the “hell-box,” to be recast at the foundry.

[23] Dr. Louis L. Seaman, late chief of staff of the Blackwell’s Island hospitals: “Social Waste of a Great City,” read before the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1886.

[24] Forty-fourth Annual Report of the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor. 1887.

[25] In 1869, a tenement was a house occupied by four families or more

[26] In 1888, a tenement was a house occupied by three families or more

[27] These figures represent less than two hundred of the worst tenements below Houston Street.

Transcriber’s Note

Incidental inconsistencies of punctuation are resolved silently. The following list contains other textual issues that are encountered. If there were no other correct instances of misspelled words (in current usage) they were allowed to stand. The hyphenation of compound words hyphenated at a line break was retained or removed to follow the most common appearance elsewhere in the text.

p. 74disenfectingsic
p. 77loadstonesic
p. 82caravanseriessic
p. 107tha[t/n]Corrected.
p. 256tantilizessic