In these utterances and the like, it would be vain to look for a conscious and consistent Theism; the speakers partly believed themselves to be still Christians, and for various other reasons respected the existing doctrines of the Church. But at the time of the Reformation, when men were driven to come to a distinct conclusion on such points, this mode of thought was accepted with a fuller consciousness; a number of the Italian Protestants came forward as Anti-Trinitarians and Socinians, and even as exiles in distant countries made the memorable attempt to found a church on these principles. From the foregoing exposition it will be clear that, apart from humanistic rationalism, other spirits were at work in this field.
One chief centre of theistic modes of thought lay in the Platonic Academy at Florence, and especially in Lorenzo Magnifico himself. The theoretical works and even the letters of these men show us only half their nature. It is true that Lorenzo, from his youth till he died, expressed himself dogmatically as a Christian,[1291] and that Pico was drawn by Savonarola’s influence to accept the point of view of a monkish ascetic.[1292] But in the hymns of Lorenzo,[1293] which we are tempted to regard as the highest product of the spirit of this school, an unreserved Theism is set forth—a Theism which strives to treat the world as a great moral and physical Cosmos. While the men of the Middle Ages look on the world as a vale of tears, which Pope and Emperor are set to guard against the coming of Antichrist; while the fatalists of the Renaissance oscillate between seasons of overflowing energy and seasons of superstition or of stupid resignation, here, in this circle of chosen spirits,[1294] the doctrine is upheld that the visible world was created by God in love, that it is the copy of a pattern pre-existing in Him, and that He will ever remain its eternal mover and restorer. The soul of man can by recognising God draw Him into its narrow boundaries, but also by love to Him itself expand into the Infinite—and this is blessedness on earth.
Echoes of mediæval mysticism here flow into one current with Platonic doctrines, and with a characteristically modern spirit. One of the most precious fruits of the knowledge of the world and of man here comes to maturity, on whose account alone the Italian Renaissance must be called the leader of modern ages.
INDEX.
[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W], [Z]
A.
Academies, educational, [281].
Adrian VI., Pope, [121];
satires against, [162-164].
‘Africa,’ the, of Petrarch, [258].
Aguello of Pisa, [11].
Alberto da Sarteano, [467].
Alberti, Leon Battista, [136-138].
Albertinus, Musattus, fame of, [140-141].
Alboronoz, [102].
Alchemy, [539], [540].
Alexander VI., Pope, [109-117];
death of, [117].
Alfonso I., [49].
Alfonso of Ferrara, [99].
Alfonso the Great of Naples, [35], [95], [459-461];
contempt for astrology, [513];
enthusiasm for antiquity, [225-227], [228].
Alighieri Dante.—See Dante.
Allegorical representations, [415].
Allegory, age of, [408-410];
superiority of Italian, [410-411].
Amiens, treaty of, [123].
‘Amorosá Visione,’ the, of Boccaccio, [324].
Antiquity, importance of, Dante on, [204-205];
reproduction of, [230-242].
Anti-Trinitarians, [549].
Apollo Belvedere, discovery of the, [184].
Aquinas, St. Thomas, [6], [7], [60].
Arabic, study of, [200-202].
Aragonese Dynasty, [16], [35].
Aretino, Pietro, the railer, [164-168];
father of modern journalism, [165].
Ariosto, [134];
and the Humanists, [273];
his artistic aim in epic, [326];
his picture of Roman society, [185];
‘Orlando Furioso,’ the, of, [325], [326], [327];
position as a Dramatist, [320];
style, [306];
satire on sorcery, [535-536].
Arlotto (jester), [156].
Army list, Venetian, [67].
‘Asolani,’ the, of Bembo, [243].
Assassination, paid, [450], [457].
Assassins in Rome, [109].
Astrology, belief in, [507-518];
protest against, [515].
Auguries, belief in, [520], [521].
Authors, the old, [187-202].
Autobiography in Italy, [332], [333].
B.
Bacchus and Ariadne, song of, by Lorenzo de Medici, [427-428].
Baglioni of Perugia, the, [28], [29], [30], [31], [32];
and the Oddi, disputes between, [29].
Bandello, as novelist, [306];
on infidelity, [443-444];
style of writing, [382].
Baraballe, comic procession of, [158].
Bassano, Jacopo, rustic paintings of, [354].
Belief, general disintegration of, [541-550].
Bembo, Pietro, [231];
epigrams of, [267];
his ‘Historia rerum Venetarum,’ [248];
letters of, [233];
the ‘Sacra’ of, [259].
Benedictines, the, [463].
Bernabö, boar hounds of, [13].
Bernadino da Siena, [235], [467], [469].
Bessarion, Cardinal, his collection of Greek MSS., [189].
Biblical criticism, [501].
Biographies, Collective, [330] sqq.
Biography, [328-337];
comparative, art of, [329].
Blondus of Forli, historical writings of, [245], [246].
Boar-hounds of Bernabö, [13].
Boccaccio, [151];
life of Dante, [329];
master of personal description, [344];
on ‘tyranny,’ [56];
representative of antiquity, [205];
sonnets of, [314].
Bojardo, as epic poet, [325];
inventiveness of, [324];
style of, [306].
Borgias, the crimes of the, [109-117].
Borgia, Cæsar, [109-117];
death of, [117].
Borso of Este, [49], [50], [51];
created duke of Modena and Reggio, [19];
welcome of, to Reggio, [417], [418].
Boscoli, Pierpaolo, death of, [542-543].
Botanical Gardens, [292].
Brigandage, [449-450].
Burchiello as Comedian, [320].
C.
Calumny at Papal Court, [161].
Calvi Fabio, of Ravenna, [278-279].
Cambray, League of, [68], [89].
Can Grande della Scala, Court of, [9].
Canzone, the, [310].
‘Canzone Zingaresca,’ of Politian, [354].
Capistrano, Giovanni, [467].
‘Capitolo,’ the, [162-163].
Cardano, Girolamo, of Milan, autobiography of, [334].
Caricaturists, [159].
‘Carmina Burana,’ the, [173].
Carnival, the, [407], [425-427].
Castiglione, [388].
Catalogues of Libraries, [190], [191].
Cathedral, Milan, founding of, [14].
Catilinarians, the, [105].
Catullus, as model, [264-265].
Cellini, Benvenuto, autobiography of, [333-334].
Celso, Caterina di San, [400].
Certosa, Convent of, founding of, [13].
Charles V., Emperor, action of, [123], [124].
Charles IV., Emperor, [17], [18].
Charles VIII. in Italy, [89], [90];
entry into Italy, [413].
Children, naming of, [250-251].
Chroniclers, Italian, [245];
Florentine, condemn astrology, [515].
Church dignities, not bestowed according to pedigree, [360];
the corruption of, [456];
held in contempt, [457-458];
regeneration of, [125];
secularization of, proposed by Emperor Charles V., [123];
spirit of reform in, [123].
Cicero, taken as model for style, [253-54].
Ciceronianism and revival of Vitruvius, analogy between, [256].
Ciriaco of Ancona, an antiquarian, [181].
Class distinction ignored, [359-368].
Clement VII., Pope, detested, [122];
flight of, [123];
temperament of, [309].
Cleopatra, the discovery of, [184].
Clubs, political, [387].
Colonna, Giovanne, [177-178];
Giulia Gonzaga, [385];
Vittoria, [386], [446].
‘Commedia dell’Arte,’ [320], [321].
Commentaries, the, of Pius II., [333].
Composition, Latin, history of, [252-253].
Condottieri, the, despotisms founded by, [22], [23], [24].
Convent of Certosa of Pavia, founding of, [13].
Cornaro, Luigi, Autobiography of, [335-337];
Vita Sobria of, [244].
Corpse of girl, discovery of, [183].
Corpus Christi, feast of, celebration of, [414].
Corruption in Papacy, [106], [107].
‘Cortigiano,’ the, by Castiglione, [381], [388], [446].
Cosmetics, use of, [373-374].
Council of Ten, [66].
Country life, descriptions of, [306];
love of, [404-405].
Crime, for its own sake, [453-454];
prevalence of, among priests, [448-449].
Criticism, Biblical, [501].
Crusades, the, [485-486];
influence of, [285].
Culture, general Latinization of, [249-256].
‘Curiale,’ the, [378].
Cybò, Franceschetto, [108-109];
as gambler, [436].
D.
Daemons, belief in, [521-524], [531].
Dagger, use of the, [452].
Dante, Alighieri, [75], [76], [83], [130], [133], [135];
as advocate of antiquity, [204-205];
satirist, [155];
belief in freedom of the will, [498];
burial place of, [143];
desire for fame, his, [139];
influence of, [324];
influence of nature shown in works, [299];
life of, by Boccaccio, [329];
on Epicureanism, [496-497];
the Italian language, [378-379];
nobility, [360-361];
view of the sonnet, [312];
‘Vita Nuova’ of, [333].
Decadence of oratory, [241], [242].
‘Decades,’ the, of Sabellico, [248].
‘Decameron,’ the, [459].
‘De Genealogia Deorum,’ [205-207].
Demeanour of individuals, [369].
Descriptions of life in movement, [348-355].
Description of nations and cities, [338-342];
outward man, [343-347].
Difference of birth, loss of significance of, [354].
Dignities, Church, not bestowed according to pedigree, [360].
‘Discorsi,’ the, of Macchiavelli, [458].
Domestic comfort, [376-377];
economy, [132], [402-405].
Dress, importance attached to, [369-370];
regulations relating to, [370-371].
E.
Ecloques of Battista Mantovano, [352], [479].
Economy, domestic, [132], [402-405].
Education, equal, of sexes, [396];
private, [135].
Emperor Charles IV., [17];
submission to the Pope, [18];
Frederick II., [5-7], [69];
III., [19];
Sigismund, [18], [19].
Epicureanism, [496].
Epigram, [264], [267], [268], [269], [270].
Epigraph, the, [268], [269].
Equalization of classes, [359-368].
Erasmus, [254].
Ercole I., Duke of Ferrara, [487-489].
Este, House of, government of the, [46], [48];
Isabella of, [43], [44];
novels relating to, [51], [52], [53];
popular feeling towards, [49], [50].
Van Eyck, Hubert, [302], [303];
Johann, [302], [303].
Ezzelino da Romano, [6], [7].
F.
Fame, modern idea of, [139-153];
thirst for, evils of, [152-153].
Federigo of Urbino, [99].
Feltre, Vittorino da, [213-214].
Female beauty, Firenzuola on, [345-347].
Ferrante of Naples, [36], [37], [459-461].
Ferrara, flourishing state of, [47];
sale of public offices at, [47], [48].
Festivals, [406-428];
full development of, [407];
higher phase in life of people, [406].
Fire-arms, adoption of, [98-99].
Firenzuola on female beauty, [345-347].
Flagellants, the, [485-486].
Flogging, [403].
Florence, [61-87];
general statistics of, [76], [77], [78], [79], [80];
home of scandal-mongers, [161];
life more secure in, [440-451];
and Venice, birthplaces of science of statistics, [69-72].
Florentines, the, as perfectors of festivals, [408].
Foscari, Francesco, torture of, [66].
France, changed attitude of, [91], [92].
Frederick II., Emperor, [5-7], [69];
III., [19].
Frederick of Urbino, learning of, [227];
oratory of, [237].
Freedom of will, belief in, [497].
Friars, mendicant, [462].
G.
Gallerana, Cecilia, [386].
Gamblers, professional, [436].
Gambling on large scale, [436].
Gaston de Foix, [309].
Genoa, [86-87].
Germano-Spanish army, advance of, [122].
Ghibellines and Guelphs, political sonnets of, [312].
Ghosts, [521-523].
Giangaleazzo, [13-14].
Girls, in society, absence of, [399].
Girolamo Savonarola (see Savonarola).
Godfrey of Strasburg, [309].
Golden Spur, order of the, [53].
Gonnella (jester), [157].
Gonzaga, House of, of Mantua, [43];
Francesco, [43], [44];
Giovan Francesco, [213-214];
Isabella, [385].
Government, divine, belief in, destroyed, [507].
‘Gran Consilio,’ the, [66].
Gratitude as an Italian virtue, [440].
Greater dynasties, [35-54].
Greek, the study of, [195-197].
Guarino of Verono, [215].
Guelphs and Ghibellines, political sonnets of, [312].
Guicciardini, his opinion of the priesthood, [464].
Gymnastics first taught as an art, [389].
Gyraldus, historian of the humanists, [276].
H.
Hair, false, [372].
Hermits, [471].
Hierarchy, hostility to the, [458].
Hieronymus of Siena, [471-472].
‘Historia rerum Venetarum,’ the, of Bembo, [248].
History, treated of in poetry, [261].
Honour, the sentiment of, [433-435].
Horses, breeding of, [295-296].
Humanism in the Fourteenth Century, [203];
furtherers of, [217-229].
Humanists, fall of, in 16th century, [272-281];
faults of, [276];
historian of, [276];
temptations of, [275-276].
Human Nature, study of intellectual side of, [308-309].
Husband, rights of, [442].
Hypocrisy, freedom of Italians from, [439].
I.
‘Il Galateo’ of G. della Casa, [375-376].
Illegitimacy, indifference to, [21], [22].
Immorality, prevalent at beginning of 16th century, [432].
Immortality, decline of belief in, [541].
Individual, the, assertion of, [129], [130], [131];
the, and the Italian State, [129-138];
the perfecting of, [134-138].
Individuality, keen perception of Italians for, [329].
Infidelity in marriage, [440-441], [456].
Inn-keepers, German, [375].
Innocent VIII., Pope, election of, [107].
Inquisitors and Science, [291];
detrimental to development of drama, [317].
Instruments, musical, collections of [393].
Intolerance, religious, [6].
Isabella of Este, [43], [44].
Italians, cleanliness of, [374];
discoverers of the Middle Ages, [286];
journeys of, [285-288];
judges as to personal beauty, [342];
supremacy of, in literary world, [151];
writing of, [193].
Italy, a school for scandal, [160];
subject to Spain, [94].
J.
Jacopo della Marca, [467].
‘Jerusalem delivered’ of Tasso, delineation of character in, [327].
Jesting, a profession, [156].
Jews, literary activity of the, [199-201].
Journeys of the Italians, [285-288].
Julius II., Pope, character of, [118];
election of, [117].
K.
Knighthood, passion for, [364].
L.
Laetus Pomponus, life of, [279-281].
‘L’amor, diveno,’ [445], [446].
Language as basis of social intercourse, [378-383].
Laöcoon, the, discovery of, [148].
Latin composition, history of, [252-253];
treatises, and History, [243-248].
Latini, Brunetto, originator of new epoch in poetry, [310].
Laurel wreath, the, coronation of poets with, [207-209].
Law, absence of belief in, [447].
League of Cambray, [68], [89].
Leo X., Pope, buffoonery of, [157-158];
influence on humanism, [224-225];
love of jesters, [157];
policy of, [119], [120], [121].
Letter-writing, object of, [232].
Library Catalogues, [190], [191].
Life, outward refinement of, [369-377].
Lionardo da Vinci, [114].
Lorenzo the Magnificent, [90], [95], [108];
as describer of country life, [350], [353];
parody of ‘Inferno’ by, [159];
song of Bacchus and Ariadne, [427-428];
tact of, [386-387];
theistic belief of, [549-550].
Ludovico Casella, death of, [57].
Ludovico il Moro, [41], [42], [64], [93].
Lutherans, danger from the, [121].
Luther, Martin, [121].
M.
Macchiavelli, [81], [82], [84-86], [96];
as comedian, [320];
‘Discorsi il’ of, [458];
metrical history by, [263];
on Italian immorality, [432].
Madonna, the worship of, [483-485].
Magicians, [530-533];
burning of, [524].
Magic, decline of, [537];
official, [533-535], [538];
practice of, [453].
Malatesta, Pandolfo, [27];
Robert, [23], [26];
Sigismondo, [33], [228-229].
Man, the discovery of, [308-327].
Manetti, Giannozzo, [197], [225];
high character of, [218-220];
eloquence of, [240].
Mantovano, Battista, eclogues of, [352], [479].
Manucci, Aldo, [197].
Mayia, Galeazzo, of Milan, [40], [41], [106];
Filippo, of Milan, [38-39].
Mariolatry, [484-485].
Massuccio, novels of, [459-460].
Maximilian I., commencement of new Imperial policy under, [20].
Medici, House of, charm over Florence, [220-221];
passion for tournaments, [366-367].
Medici Giovanni, [119-121];
Lorenzo, on ‘nobility,’ [361], [362];
the younger, [85].
Menageries, [296];
human, [293-295].
‘Meneghino,’ the, Mask of Milan, [321].
Mercenary troops, introduction of, [98].
Middle Ages, works on, by humanists, [246], [247].
Milano-Venetian War, [99].
Mirandola, Pico della, [198-199], [202];
death of, [465];
on dignity of man, [354-355];
free will, [516];
refutation of astrology, [516].
Mohammedanism, opposition to, [493].
Monks, abuse of, in ‘Decameron,’ [459];
as satirists, [465];
scandalous lives of, [460-461];
unpopularity of, [459].
Montefeltro, House of, of Urbino, [43];
Federigo, [44-46];
Guido, in relation to astrology, [512].
Montepulciano, Fra Francesco di, [473].
Morality, [431-455].
‘Morgante Maggiore,’ the, of Luigi Pulci, [323-324], [494-495].
Murder, public sympathy on side of, [447].
Music, [390-394].
Mystery plays, [406-407], [411-413], [416].
Mythological representations, [415], [416].
Myths, new, [259].
N.
Naming of children, [250-251].
Natural Science in Italy, [289-297].
Nature, beauty in, discovery of, [298-307].
Navagero, style of, [265].
‘Nencia,’ the, of Politian, [354].
‘Nipoti,’ the, [106], [107].
Niccoli, Niccolo, [188-189], [217];
on ‘nobility,’ [361-362].
Nicholas V., Pope, faith in higher learning of, [223].
Novels of Bandello, [306];
of Massuccio, [459], [460].
O.
Oddi, the, and the Baglioni of Perugia, disputes between, [29].
Old writers, influence of, on Italian mind, [187].
Omens, belief in, [518-521].
‘On the infelicity of the Scholar,’ by Piero Valeriano, [276-277].
Orator, the, important position of, [233], [234-238].
Oratory, Pulpit, [238].
Oriental Studies, revival of, [197].
‘Orlando Furioso,’ the, of Ariosto, [325], [326], [327].
Outward refinement of life, [369-377].
P.
Palingenius, Marcellus, ‘Zodiac of Life,’ of, [264].
Painting, rustic, of Jacopo Bassano, [354].
Pandolfini, Agnolo, [132];
on home management, [402-404].
Pantomime, the, [407], [416], [417].
Papacy, the, and its dangers, [102-125];
corruption in, [106], [107], [109].
Papal Court, calumny rife at, [161];
State, spirit of reform in, [123];
subjection of, [110].
Pardons, sale of, [108].
Parody, beginnings of, [263].
Peasant life, poetical treatment of, [351-352].
Perfect man of society, the, [388-394].
Personal faith, [491-492].
Petrarch and Laura, [151];
ascent of Mount Ventoux by, [301-302];
as geographer, [300];
contempt of astrologers, his, [515];
fixer of form of sonnet, [310];
ideal prince of, [9-10];
influence of nature on, [300], [301];
in Rome, [177-178];
life of, [313-314];
objection to fame, his, [141-142];
on tournaments, [365];
representative of antiquity, the, [205].
Petty tyrannies, [28-34].
Piacenza, devastation of, [101].
Piccinino, Giacomo, [25], [26];
Jacopo, [99].
Plautus, plays of, representations of, [255], [317-319].
Poems, didactic, [264].
Poetry, elegiac, [264], [266], [267];
epic, [321-323], [325];
Italian, second great age of, [305-306];
Latin modern, [257-271];
lyric, [306];
Maccaronic, [270], [271];
precursor of plastic arts, the, [312].
Poggio, on ‘Knighthood,’ [365];
on ‘Nobility,’ [361-362].
Policy, Foreign, of Italian states, [88-97].
Politeness, Manual of, by G. della Casa, [375-376].
Politics, Florentine, [73-74].
Politian, as letter writer, [233];
‘Canzone Zingaresca’ of, [354].
Pope Adrian VI., satires against, [162-164].
Pope Alexander VI., [109-117];
death of, [117].
Pope Clement VII., deliverance of, [123].
Pope Innocent VIII., election of, [107].
Pope Nicholas V., [188].
Pope Paul II., [105];
attempts as peacemaker, [438];
personal head of republic of letters, [223];
priestly narrowness of, [505].
Pope Paul III., [123].
Pope Pius II., [105];
as antiquarian, [180-181];
as descriptive writer, [349];
believer in witches, [526-527];
celebration of feast of Corpus Christi by, [414];
contempt for astrology and magic, [508];
eloquence of, [235], [240];
love of nature, [303-305];
views on miracles, [501].
Pope Sixtus IV., [105], [106], [107].
Porcaro, Stefano, conspiracy of, [104].
Porcello, Gian, Antonio dei Pandori, [99], [100].
Poggio, walks through Rome of, [176].
Preachers of repentance, [466-479];
personal influence of, [458].
Printing, discovery of, reception of, [194].
Processions, [406-407], [418-425].
Prodigies, belief in, [520-521].
Prophets, honour accorded to genuine, [467].
Public worship, neglect of, [485].
Pulci, epic poet, [323-325].
‘Pulcinell,’ the mask of Naples, [321].
R.
Rambaldoni, Vittore dai, [213-214].
Rangona, Bianca, [336].
Raphael, [30];
appeal of, for restoration of ancient Rome, [184];
original subject of his picture, ‘Deposition,’ [32].
Rationalism, [500], [501].
Reformation, German, [122];
effects on Papacy, [124].
Regattas, Venetian, [390].
Relics, pride taken in, [142-145].
Religion in daily life, [456-489];
spirit of the Renaissance, and, [491-506].
Religious tolerance, [490], [492], [493];
revivals, epidemics of, [485].
Renaissance, the, a new birth, [175];
and the spirit of religion, [491-506].
Repentance, preachers of, [466-479].
Reproduction of antiquity: Latin correspondence and orations, [230-242].
Republics, the, [61-87].
Revivals, epidemics of religious, [485].
Riario, Girolamo, [107];
Pietro, Cardinal, [106].
Rienzi, Cola di, [15], [176].
Rimini, House of, the, [29];
fall of, [33].
Rites, Church, sense of dependence on, [465].
Roberto da Lecce, [467], [470].
Rome, assassins in, [109];
city of ruins, [177-186];
first topographical study of, [179];
Poggio’s walks through, [176].
Ruins in landscape gardening result of Christian legend, [186].
S.
‘Sacra,’ the, of Pietro Bembo, [259].
Sadoleto, Jacopo, [231].
Saints, reverence for relics of, [481-482];
worship of, [485].
Salò, Gabriella da, belief of, [502].
Sannazaro, [151], [260], [265-267];
fame of, [261], [268].
Sanctuaries of Italy, [486].
Sansecondo, Giovan Maria, [392];
Jacopo, [392].
Satires, Monks the authors of, [465].
Savonarola, Girolamo, [467], [473-479];
belief in dæmons, [531];
eloquence of, [474];
funeral oration on, [475];
reform of Dominican monasteries due to, [474].
Scaliger, [254].
Scarampa, Camilla, [386].
Science, national sympathy with, [289-292];
natural, in Italy, [289-297].
‘Scrittori’ (copyists), [192-193].
Secretaries, papal, important position of, [231].
Sforza, house of, [24];
Alessandro, [28];
Francesco, [24], [25], [26], [39], [40], [99];
Galeazzo Maria, assassination of, [57-58].
Sforza, Ippolita, [385];
Jacopo, [24], [25].
Shakespeare, William, [316].
Siena, [86].
Sigismund, Emperor, [18], [19].
Sixtus IV., Pope, [105], [106], [107].
Slavery in Italy, [296].
Society, higher forms of, [384-387];
ideal man of, [388-394];
in, Italian models to other countries, [389].
Sociniaris, [549].
Sonnet, the, [310-311], [312].
Sonnets of Boccaccio, [314];
of Dante, [312].
Spain, changed attitude of, [91], [92].
Spaniards, detrimental to development of drama, [317].
Spanish-Germano Army, advance of, [122].
Spanish influence, jealousy under, [445].
Speeches, subject of public, [239-241].
Spur, golden, order of, [53].
Spiritual description in poetry, [308-327].
Statistics, science of, birthplace of, [69-72].
St. Peter’s at Rome, reconstruction of., [119].
Stentorello, the mask of Florence, [321].
Superstition, mixture of ancient and modern, [507-540].
Sylvius Æneas, see Pope Pius II.
T.
Taxation, [5], [8], [13], [35], [36], [47].
Teano, Cardinal, [255].
‘Telesma,’ the, [533-535].
‘Telestae,’ the, [533-535].
Terence, plays of, representation of, [255].
‘Teseide,’ the, of Boccaccio, [259].
Tiburzio, [105].
Tolerance, religious, [490], [492], [493].
Torso, the, discovery of, [184].
Tragedy in time of Renaissance, [315-316], [317].
Treatise, the, [243].
‘Trionfo,’ the, [407], [419], [420], [423];
of Beatrice, [419-420].
‘Trionfi,’ the, of Petrarch, [324].
‘Trovatori,’ the, [310].
Trovatori della transizione, the, [311].
Turks, conspiracies with the, [92], [93].
Tuscan dialect basis of new national speech, [379].
Tyranny, opponents of, [55-60].
Tyrannies, petty, [28-34].
U.
Uberti, Fazio degli, vision of, [178].
Universities and Schools, [210-216].
V.
Valeriano, P., on the infelicity of the scholar, [276-277].
Vatican, Library of, founding of, [188].
‘Vendetta,’ the, [437-440].
Vengeance, Italian, [436-400].
Venetian-Milano war, [99].
Venice, [61-87];
and Florence, birthplace of science of statistics, [69-72].
Venice, processions in, [73];
public institutions in, [63];
relation of, to literature, [70];
stability of, cause of, [65-66];
statistics, general of, [69], [70], [71], [78].
Villani, Giovanni, [73];
Matteo, [76].
Vinci, Lionardo da, [138].
Violin, the, [392].
Visconti, the, [10], [15], [18], [22], [38], [40];
Giangaleazzo, [513];
Giovan Maria, assassination of, [57], [58].
‘Vita Nuova,’ the, of Dante, [333].
‘Vita Sobria,’ the, of Luigi Cornaro, [244].
Vitelli, Paolo, [99].
Vitruvius, revival of, and Ciceronianism, analogy between, [156].
Venus of the Vatican, discovery of, [184].
‘Versi Sciolti,’ the, origin of, [310].
W.
War as a work of art, [98-101].
Wit, analysis of, [159-160];
first appearance of, in literature, [154];
modern, and satire, [154-168].
Witch of Gaeta, the, [525].
Witchcraft, [524-530].
Witches, [524], [525], [526];
burning of, [524], [526], [528].
Women, Ariosto on, [395];
equality of, with men, [395];
function of, [398];
heroism of, [398];
ideal for, [398];
position of, [395-401].
Worship, public, neglect of, [485].
Z.
Zampante of Lucca, director of police, [50].
‘Zodiac of Life,’ of Marcellus Palingenius, [264].
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