Response in the Living and Non-Living

by Jagadis Chandra Bose

• Fatigue,
  • absence of, under certain conditions,
    • in metal, [120]
    • in muscle, [39]
    • in plant, [39]
  • apparent, with increased frequency of stimulation,
    • in metal, [120]
    • in muscle, [40]
    • in plant, [40]
  • diminution of response under strong stimulus due to, in plant, [57]
  • in metal, [118], [119], [185]
  • in muscle, [118], [185]
  • in plant, [20], [185]
    • due to overstrain, [41]
  • rapid, under continuous stimulation
    • in metal, [121], [130]
    • in muscle, [42], [130]
    • in plant, [42], [130]
  • removal of, by rest in plant, [43]
  • theory of, in muscle, [38], [185]

• Holmgren on retinal current, [149]
• Hysteresis, [137]

• Injury, current of, in nerve, [7]
• Inorganic response. See Metal, electrical response in

• Kuhne on retinal current, [149]
• Kunkel on electrical changes by injury or flexion in plant, [14], [70]

• Light,
  • after-effect of short exposure to,
    • on photo-sensitive cell, [171]
    • on retina, [171]
  • decline and reversal of response under continuous,
    • in photo-sensitive cell, [166]
    • in retina [166]
  • effect of temperature on
    • response of photo-sensitive cell produced by, [158]
    • retinal response produced by, [158]
  • relation between intensity and response to,
    • in photo-sensitive cell, [161], [162]
    • in retina, [162]
  • response to,
    • after-oscillation in photo-sensitive cell, [159], [163]
    • effect of increasing length of exposure
      • in photo-sensitive cell, [159]
      • in retina, [160]
    • in frog’s retina, [150], [151], [156], [164], [166]
    • in photo-sensitive cell, [152], [153], [154], [155], [157], [165], [166]

• McKendrick on retinal response, [149]
• Mechanical
  • recorder, [3]
  • response, [1]
  • stimulus
    • by electric tapper, [24]
    • by spring-tapper, [23]
    • by vibrator, [24]
    • conditions of maintaining uniformity of, [26]
    • means of graduating intensity of, [22], [24], [96]
• Metal, electric response in,
  • abnormal, [125]
  • abolition of, by ‘poison,’ [143]
  • additive effect of superposition of stimulus on, [135]
  • annealing, effect of, on, [101]
  • by method of
    • block, [82], [92]
    • negative variation, [87], [183]
  • depressants, effect of, on, [142]
  • diphasic, [113], [114], [115], [116], [188]
  • enhancement of, after continuous stimulation, [127], [128], [186]
  • fatigue, [118], [119], [120], [121], [185]. See also Fatigue
  • maximum effect due to superposition of stimuli, [136]
  • modified, [129]
  • ‘molecular arrest,’ effect of, by ‘poison’ on, [145]
  • molecular friction, effect of, on, [108], [109]
  • prolongation of recovery
    • by overstrain, [106]
    • by ‘poison,’ [145]
  • relation between, and stimulus, [134], [135]
  • staircase effect, [122], [186]
  • stimulant, effect of, on, [141]
  • temperature, effect of, on, [111]
  • uniform, [102], [184]
• Minchin on photo-electric cell, [165]
• Molecular
  • ‘arrest’ in metals by ‘poison,’ [145]
  • friction, [108], [109]
  • model, [107]
  • voltaic cell, [99]
• Munck on electric response in sensitive plants, [14]
• Muscle, fatigue in, [38], [39], [40], [42]. See also Fatigue
  • prolongation of recovery by ‘poison’ in, [144]
  • relation between stimulus and response in, [52]
  • staircase effect in, [122]
  • stimulus, effect of superposition of, on, [36]
• Myograph, [2]

• Negative variation, response by method of,
  • in metal, [87], [183]
  • in nerve, [9], [183]
  • in plant, [18], [183]
• Nerve,
  • current of injury in, [7]
  • injured and uninjured contacts corresponding to Cu and Zn in voltaic couple, [8]
  • response in,
    • abnormal, when stale, [124], [187]
    • abolition of, by ‘poison,’ [139], [189]
    • anæsthetics, effect of, on, [72]
    • by method of negative variation, [9]
    • current of action of, [8]
    • enhancement of, after continuous stimulation, [127]
    • modified, [128]
    • relation between, and stimulus, [52]
    • reversed when stale, [11]
    • uniform, [184]
• Nomenclature, anomalies of present, [9], [85]

• Photographic recorder, [11], [22]
• Plant
  • chamber, [64]
  • electrical response
    • in,
      • abnormal, when stale or dying, [48], [187]
      • abolition of, by high temperature, [32], [64]
      • additive effect of stimulus on, [37]
      • anæsthetics, effect of, on, [30], [73], [74], [75]
    • by method
      • of block, [28]
      • of negative variation, [18], [183]
    • diphasic, [46]
    • fatigue, [20], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [57], [185]. See also Fatigue
    • physiological character, [30]
    • ‘poison,’ effect of, on, [30], [32], [78], [79]
    • relation between, and stimulus, [52], [53], [54]
    • staircase effect, [37], [185]
    • stimulus,
      • effect of single, on, [35]
      • effect of superposition of, on, [35]
    • temperature, effect of, on, [32], [59]–[69]
    • uniform, [36], [184]
  • radial E.M. response in, [49]
• Poison,
  • effect of, on response
    • in metal, [143], [189]
    • in nerve, [139], [189]
    • in plant, [30], [32], [78], [79], [189]
  • ‘molecular arrest’ in metal by, [145]
  • prolongation of recovery by action of,
    • in metal, [145]
    • in muscle, [144]

• Record, simultaneous mechanical and electrical, of response, [13]
• Recorder,
  • electrical, [11]
  • mechanical, [3]
  • photographic, [11], [22]
  • response, [19]
• Response-curve,
  • characteristics of, [3]
  • electrical,
    • abnormal,
      • in metal, [123], [125]
      • in stale nerve, [11], [123]
      • in stale or dying plant, [48], [187]
      • in stale retina, [11], [164]
      • converted into normal after strong or continuous stimulation
    • abolition of,
      • by high temperature in plant, [32], [64]
      • by ‘poison,’
    • additive effect of stimulus on,
      • in metal, [135]
      • in plant, [37]
    • anæsthetics, effect of, on,
      • in nerve, [72]
      • in plant, [30], [73], [74], [75]
    • annealing, effect of, on, in metal, [101], [138]
    • by method of block, [28], [82], [92]
    • by negative variation, [9], [18], [87], [183]
    • by relative depression, [87]
    • by relative exaltation, [89]
    • conditions for obtaining, [6], [86], [87]
    • continuous transformation from positive to negative in metal, [115]
    • decline and reversal of, under continuous light in photo-sensitive cell, [166]
    • decline and reversal of, under continuous light in retina, [166]
    • depressants, effect of, on inorganic, [142]
    • diminution of. See Fatigue
    • diphasic
      • in metal, [113], [114], [115], [116], [188]
      • in nerve, [188]
      • in plant, [46], [188]
    • dose, effect of,
      • on inorganic, [89], [146], [189]
      • on, in plant, [79], [189]
    • enhancement of, after continuous stimulation in metal, [127], [128], [186]
    • enhancement of, after continuous stimulation in nerve, [127], [186]
    • maximum effect due to superposition of stimulus, [35], [136]
    • measure of physiological activity, [13]
    • molecular
      • friction, effect of, on, [108], [109]
      • modification, effect of, on, [11], [48], [123], [125], [129], [164], [187]
    • physiological character of, in plant, [30]
    • positive and negative, [11]
    • prolongation of recovery in, by ‘poison’ in metal, [145]
    • prolongation of recovery in, by ‘poison’ in muscle, [144]
    • prolongation of recovery in, from overstrain, [106]
    • relation between, and stimulus
      • in metal, [134], [135]
      • in muscle, [52]
      • in nerve, [52]
      • in plant, [52], [53], [54]
      • in real and artificial retinæ, [162]
    • staircase effect,
      • in metal, [122], [186]
      • in plant, [37], [186]
    • stimulant, effect of, on, in metal, [141]
    • temperature, effect of, on. See Temperature
    • threshold of, [135]
    • to light. See Light
    • uniform
      • in metal, [102], [184]
      • in nerve, [184]
      • in plant, [36], [184]
    • universal applicability of, [12]
  • mechanical, [1]
  • retinal. See Light
  • simultaneous mechanical and electrical record of, [13]
• Retina. See Light

• Sanderson, Burdon-, on electrical response in sensitive plants, [14]
• Spring-tapper, mechanical stimulus by, [23]
• Staircase effect
  • in metal, [122], [186]
  • in muscle, [122], [186]
  • in plant, [37], [186]
• Steiner on retinal response, [149]
• Stimuli, maximum effect due to superposition of,
  • in metal, [136]
  • in muscle, [36]
  • in plant, [36]
• Stimulus,
  • advantages of vibrational, [25]
  • and response, relation between,
    • in metal, [134], [135]
    • in muscle, [52]
    • in nerve, [52]
    • in plant, [52], [53], [54]
    • in real and artificial retinæ, [162]
  • effect of different kinds of, [2]
  • mechanical,
    • by spring-tapper, [24]
    • conditions for maintaining uniformity of, [26]
    • means of graduating intensity of, [22], [96]
  • vibrational, [24], [25], [26]