[273]. Blank Cartridges. Firing with blank cartridges at an outlined or represented enemy ([par. 7]) at distances less than 100 yards is prohibited. (236)
[274]. Effect of fire and influence of ground. The effect of fire and the influence of the ground in relation thereto, and the individual and collective instruction in marksmanship, are treated in the Small-Arms Firing Manual. (237)
Ranges
[275]. Classification. For convenience of reference, ranges are classified as follows:
- 0 to 600 yards, close range.
- 600 to 1,200 yards, effective range.
- 1,200 to 2,000 yards, long range.
- 2,000 yards and over, distant range. (238)
[276]. Determination of distance to target. The distance to the target must be determined as accurately as possible and the sights set accordingly. Aside from training and morale, this is the most important single factor in securing effective fire at the longer ranges. (239)
[277]. Method of determining the range; estimators.
Except in a deliberately prepared defensive position, the most accurate and only practicable method of determining the range will generally be to take the mean of several estimates.
Five or six officers or men, selected from the most accurate estimators in the company, are designated as range estimators and are specially trained in estimating distances.
Whenever necessary and practicable, the captain assembles the range estimators, points out the target to them, and adopts the mean of their estimates. The range estimators then take their customary posts. (240)