COUNTER ATTACK
[525]. Passive defense; only offensive wins. The passive defense should be assumed only when circumstances force it. Only the offensive wins. (511)
[526]. Active defense seeks favorable decision; counter attack necessary. An active defense seeks a favorable decision. A favorable decision can not be expected without counter attack. (512)
[527]. Protection of flanks by natural obstacles necessary in passive defense position. A passive defense in a position whose flanks are not protected by natural obstacles is generally out of the question. (513)
[528]. Post of troops for counter attack. Where the defense is assumed with a view to making a counter attack, the troops for the counter attack should be held in reserve until the time arrives for such attack. The defensive line should be held by as few troops as possible in order that the force for the offensive may be as large as possible.
The force for the counter attack should be held echeloned in rear of the flank which offers it the greatest advantage for the proposed attack. (514)
[529]. Manner of making counter attack. The counter attack should be made vigorously and at the proper time. It will usually be made:
By launching the reserve against the enemy's flank when his attack is in full progress. This is the most effective form of counter attack.
Straight to the front by the firing line and supports after repulsing the enemy's attack and demoralizing him with pursuing fire.
Or, by the troops in rear of the firing line when the enemy has reached the defensive position and is in disorder. (515)