A Century in the Comptroller's Office, State of New York, 1797 to 1897

by James A. Roberts

The Legislature appointed Washington Hunt, a lawyer of prominence and a Whig, of Lockport, to succeed him. Mr. Hunt had been County Judge of Niagara county from 1836 to 1841, and had been a member of the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses. He was nominated and elected Comptroller in the fall of 1849. In 1850 he was elected Governor over Horatio Seymour, but in 1852 he was in turn defeated in his run for the second term by Seymour. He made an excellent record as Governor during the years 1851 and 1852. It was upon Mr. Hunt's recommendation that the duties of supervising and superintending the banking business of the State was transferred to the Banking Department, specially created for the purpose. He felt that a greater burden of responsibility was being imposed upon the office of Comptroller than could be satisfactorily sustained. This is one of the rare illustrations of a desire to surrender power. But what relief was gained by the transfer of the supervision of the banks was replaced by the duty which was imposed of superintending the business of insurance in this State.

All insurance companies, prior to 1846, had been incorporated by special acts, but the Constitution of that year prohibited the creation of such corporations, except under general laws. In 1849 the Legislature passed a general law for the incorporation of insurance companies. By the terms of the act the duty of organizing and regulating insurance companies in this State, both domestic and foreign, was conferred upon the Comptroller. This was the first State supervision of insurance. The duty remained with the Comptroller until January 1, 1860, when the act creating the Department of Insurance went into effect.

The Comptroller's office feels proud of its two healthy and useful children—the Banking Department and the Insurance Department, which have been efficiently serving the State and protecting the interests of its citizens for many years, and it ventures to believe that the early tuition that they received from the parent department helped to form their habits and prepare them for their career.

Mr. Hunt resigned the Comptrollership December 18, 1850, two weeks before he was to enter upon his duties as Governor, and Philo C. Fuller, a Whig, of Geneseo, was appointed in his place. Mr. Fuller had, in early life, been a clerk in the land office of Mr. James Wadsworth. Thurlow Weed met him at that time and recognized in him abilities of a high order. It was probably at Mr. Weed's suggestion that he first entered public life; it was certainly upon Mr. Weed's recommendation that he was appointed Comptroller. It was one of the great secrets of Thurlow Weed's long retention of political power that whenever he saw capability he sought, and, to use a ranchman's expression, "corralled it." Mr. Fuller was Member of Assembly from Livingston county in 1829 and 1830, State Senator in 1831 and 1832, and Member of the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses. Later he moved to Michigan, and, being elected to the Legislature, he was chosen Speaker. He was appointed Assistant Postmaster-General in the Harrison administration, but, being unwilling to follow President Tyler into the Democratic camp, he resigned, and returned to New York. He performed the duties of his office of Comptroller with ability, although doubt of his capacity was felt at the time of his appointment.

For the forty years from 1840 to 1880 the Comptroller's office was one of difficulty. During the first half of that period there was seldom a year when the expenditures did not exceed the appropriations, and when the Comptroller was not obliged to report a deficit at the end of the year. There was also during that same period a rapidly-increasing canal debt, and the Comptroller was in duty bound to find a market for bonds and the means to meet the interest when it became due. In the latter half of this period it was the Comptroller's duty to see that the means were at hand to pay the principal of this and other bonded debts, and the increased expenditures caused by the war.

Mr. Fuller was succeeded January 1, 1852, by John C. Wright, a Democrat and lawyer, of Schenectady. He had been County Judge of Schoharie county from 1833 to 1838, and State Senator from the third district in 1843, 1844, 1845 and 1846. He was an opponent of the Albany Regency during his senatorial career. He was a ready debater but of impulsive temper, and at one time engaged in a personal rencounter with Colonel Young on the floor of the Senate chamber. His administration was unmarked by any peculiar enlargement of the official power, or by distinguished executive ability. That things run so smoothly that no attention is attracted is oftentimes strong evidence of a successful working machinery. By an act of the Legislature of 1851 the Comptroller was authorized to borrow three millions per year for three years for the completion of the canal enlargement.

Mr. Wright served one term, and was succeeded, January 1, 1854, by James M. Cook, a lawyer and a Whig, of Ballston. Mr. Cook was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1846, Senator from the thirteenth district for 1848, 1849, 1850 and 1851, and from the fifteenth district in 1864 and 1865. He served as State Treasurer during the years 1852 and 1853, and was Bank Superintendent from January 30, 1856, to January 11, 1861. He was thus continuously in the service of the State from 1848 to 1861, a period of thirteen years. In 1854 the Comptroller was authorized to appoint three commissioners to investigate the State prisons and report on their financial condition, and also upon such laws as they deemed proper for their better regulation. Under this abuses were corrected, and the Comptroller was given closer supervision of the prisons.

For a short time in 1858 the Whig leaders had under favorable consideration the nomination of Mr. Cook for Governor, but circumstances forced a change, and E. D. Morgan was nominated and elected.