For generations, from their stronghold on the Scioto, they made war on the Overhill Cherokees, with only brief intervals of peace. On the Shawnees, see: Haywood, History of Tennessee, 426; Hanna, The Wilderness Trail, II, 240; Thwaites, Jesuit Relations, XL, 145; Margry, Decouvertes, III, 589; Schoolcraft, Historical Information ... Indian Tribes, IV, 256; Swanton, Early History of the Creeks, 317, 415; Loskiel, History of the Mission of the United Brethren Among the Indians, pt. ch. 10, and Mooney’s Myths of the Cherokees, 494.
[2]. p. 7 post.
[3]. Since a newborn infant of Indian parentage is of varying degrees of dusky red, Adair’s argument is that the color was produced by exposure and the use of cosmetics by previous generations; not that each individual is born white and later takes on a copper color.
[4]. Speaking of the Indians of the Mississippi River region, John Lawson in his History of North Carolina (1710) says, p. 133: “They are the hardiest of all Indians, and run so fast that they are never taken; neither do any Indians outrun them if they are pursued.” See also, Williams, Memoirs of Lieut. Henry Timberlake, 79.
[5]. Schoolcraft says the hair of Indians is invariably cylindrical in structure; that of Caucasians oval.
[6]. Confirmation: Schoolcraft, Historical Information, II 322; Cushman, History of the Choctaw, Chickasaw and Natchez Indians (1899), 204. Cushman says, however, that the Choctaws and Chickasaws of unmixed blood have no hair on any part of the body except the head and, on the chins of males, a bare patch of beard.
[7]. Compare the account of Wm. Bartram in Travels (1793), p. 499; of Du Pratz in History of Louisiana, (1763) II, 231, and of Lawson, History of Carolina (1712) p. 190.
[8]. Stroudwater, as Wm. Byrd II, called it at an earlier day; cloth manufactured in Stroud, Gloustershire, England, and widely sold to early Indian traders for blankets or garments; usually scarlet-dyed.
[9]. Therefore, the Choctaws were called by the traders Flat-Heads (Fr. Têtes Plates) a term that came into general use as descriptive of the tribe. See on artificial head deformation, Catlin, North American Indians, and Hodge, Handbook of American Indians, I, pp. 97, 465. Dumont gives as reason: “So that when they grow up they may be in better condition to bear all kinds of loads.” Memoires Historique sur La Louisiane (1753) I, 140.
[10]. “The Choctaws were superior orators. They spoke with good sense, and used the most beautiful metaphors. They had the power of changing the same words into different significations, and even their common speech was full of these changes.” Pickett, History of Alabama, (Ed. 1896) 127.