This process is called "gerrymandering." See, also, "Government in State and Nation," pp. 135, 136.
On proportional representation, read "Government in State and Nation," pp. 14, 15.
The population of the United States, according to the first census, was 3,929,214. The population in 1910 was 91,972,266; including the possessions and dependencies, 101,000,000.