[87] Bluntschli, Modernes Völkerrecht, art. 665.

[88] James, Naval History, i. 255.

[89] James, ii. 71.

[90] Ibid. ii. 77.

[91] Ortolan, Diplomatie de la Mer, ii. 32.

[92] Campbell’s Admirals, viii. 40.

[93] Campbell, vii. 21. James, i. 161. Stinkpots are jars or shells charged with powder, grenades, &c.

[94] James, i. 283.

[95] Brenton, ii. 471.

[96] Caltrops, or crows’-feet, are bits of iron with four spikes so arranged that however they fall one spike always remains upwards. Darius planted the ground with caltrops before Arbela.