De Vick's clock of 1364. — Original “verge” escapement. — “Anchor” and “dead beat” escapements. — “Remontoir” clock. — The pendulum. — Jeweling pallets. — Antique clock with earliest application of pendulum. — Turkish watches. — Correct designs for public clock faces. — Art work on old watches. — 24-hour watch. — Syrian and Hebrew hour numerals. — Correct method of striking hours and quarters. — Design for 24-hour dial and hands. — Curious clocks. — Inventions of the old clock-makersPage 37

CHAPTER IV

[ASTRONOMICAL FOUNDATION OF TIME]

Astronomical motions on which our time is founded. — Reasons for selecting the sidereal day as a basis for our 24-hour day. — Year of the seasons shorter than the zodiacal year. — Precession of the equinoxes. — Earth's rotation most uniform motion known to us. — Time stars and transits. — Local time. — The date line. — Standard time. — Beginning and ending of a day. — Proposed universal time. — Clock dial for universal time and its application to business. — Next great improvement in clocks and watches indicated. — Automatic recording of the earth's rotation. — Year of the seasons as a unit for astronomers. — General conclusionsPage 53

ILLUSTRATIONS

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[Portrait of James Arthur]8[Dial of Philadelphia City Hall Clock]37
[Interpretation of Chinese and Japanese Methods of Time Keeping]15[Verge Escapement]37
[Portable Bronze Sundial from the Ruins of Herculaneum]16[De Vick's Clock of 1364]38
[Noon-Mark Sundials]17[Anchor Escapement]38
[Modern Horizontal Sundial for Latitude 40°-43´]18[American Anchor Escapement]39
[The Earth, Showing Relation of Dial Styles to Axis]18[Dead Beat Escapement]39
[Modern Sundial Set Up in Garden]18[Remontoir Clock by James Arthur]40
["Time-Boy" of India]19[Remontoir Clock Movement]40
["Hon-woo-et-low," or "Copper Jars Dropping Water"—Canton, China]19[Antique Clock, Entirely Hand-Made]41, 42
[Modern Sand Glass or "Hour Glass"]20[Double-Case Watch of Repoussé Work]42
[Tower of the Winds, Athens, Greece]20[Triple-Case Turkish Watches]43
[Key to Japanese Figures]25[Watch Showing Dutch Art Work]43
[Japanese Dials Set for Long and Short Days]25[Triple-Case Turkish Watch]44
[Japanese Striking Clock with Weight and Short Pendulum]26[Watches Showing Art Work]45
[Japanese Striking Clock with Spring, Fusee and Balance]26[Antique Watch Cock]46
[Japanese Clock with Vertical Dial, Weight and Balance]27["Chinese" Watch]46
[Japanese Clock with Vertical Dial Having Curved Lines, Weight and Balance]27[Musical Watch, Repeating Hours and Quarters]47
[Japanese Vertical Dials]28[Syrian Dial]47
[Japanese Striking Clock with Two Balances and Two Escapements]29[Hebrew Numerals]48
["Twelve Horary Branches" and "10 Celestial Stems" as Used in Clocks]30[Twenty-four Hour Watch]48
[Key to "12 Horary Branches" and "10 Celestial Stems"]30[Domestic Dial by James Arthur]49
[Dial of Japanese Astronomical Clock]31[Local Time—Standard Time—Beginning and Ending of the Day]57
[Use of "Yeng Number" and Animal Names of Hours]32[Universal Time Dial Set for Four Places]61
[Public Dial by James Arthur]37

[ LOI]

James Arthur

Mr. Arthur is an enthusiastic scientist, a successful inventor and extensive traveler, who has for years been making a study of clocks, watches, and time-measuring devices. He is not only a great authority on this subject, but his collection of over 1500 timepieces gathered from all parts of the globe has been pronounced the finest collection in the world. Mr. Arthur is a pleasing exception to the average business man, for he has found time to do a large amount of study and research along various scientific lines in addition to conducting an important manufacturing business in New York City, of which he is president. Mr. Arthur is 67 years of age.—H. H. Windsor.