| PAGE |
| Frontispiece. |
| In the clutch of the enemy—(The Graphic). |
| The three orders of lever—(Bishop), | [19], [20] |
| The skeleton of a Deer—(Pander and D’Alton), | [21] |
| Muscular cycle in the act of flexing the arm, | [25] |
| Screws formed by the bones of the wing of the bird, the bones ofthe anterior extremity of the Elephant, and the cast of theinterior of the left ventricle of the heart, | [28] |
| The muscular system of the Horse—(Bagg), | [30] |
| The feet of the Deer, Ornithorhynchus, Otter, Frog, and Seal, | [34] |
| The Red-throated Dragon, | [35] |
| The Flying Lemur, | [35] |
| The Bat, | [36] |
| Chillingham Bull with extremities describing figure-of-8 movements, | [37] |
| Double waved tracks described by Man in walking, | [39] |
| Horse in the act of trotting, | [41] |
| Footprints of the Horse in the walk, trot, and gallop—(Gamgee), | [43] |
| Skeleton of the Ostrich—(Dallas), | [47] |
| Ostriches pursued by a hunter, | [48] |
| Skeleton of Man, | [55] |
| The positions assumed by the extremities and feet in walking—(Weber), | [59] |
| Preparing to run—(Flaxman), | [62] |
| The skeleton of a Perch—(Dallas), | [65] |
| The Salmon swimming leisurely, | [65] |
| Swimming of the fish according to Borelli, | [67] |
| Swimming of the fish according to the Author, | [68] |
| The Porpoise and Manatee, | [73] |
| The skeleton of the Dugong—(Dallas), | [74] |
| The Seal, | [74] |
| The Sea-Bear, | [76] |
| The elliptical, looped, and spiral tracks made in swimming, | [81] |
| The several attitudes assumed by the extremities in swimming in the prone position, | [82] |
| Overhand swimming, | [85] |
| Side swimming, | [86] |
| Swimming of the Turtle and Triton, | [89] |
| Swimming of the Little Penguin, | [91] |
| Sub-aquatic flight or diving, | [94] |
| The feet of the Swan as seen in the open and closed condition, | [96] |
| The foot of the Grebe with swimming membrane—(Dallas), | [97] |
| Double waved track described by the feet of swimming birds, | [97] |
| The flight of the Flying-fish, | [98] |
| The wing a lever of the third order, | [105] |
| Figure-of-8 vertical track made by the wing in flight, | [107] |
| Do. horizontal track, | [108] |
| Feathers and cork flying forward, | [112] |
| Diagram illustrating how wings obtain their high speed, | [120] |
| Butterfly with large wings, | [124] |
| Beetle with small wings, | [125] |
| Partridge with small wings; Heron with large wings, | [126] |
| The wings of the Hawk and Albatross, | [136], [137] |
| The Green Plover with one wing flexed and the other extended, | [138] |
| Blur or impression produced on the eye by the rapidly oscillating wing of the insect, | [139] |
| Diagram in which the down and up strokes of the wing of the insect are analysed, | [141] |
| Diagrams illustrating the looped and waved tracks described by the wing of the insect, bat, and bird, | [144] |
| Figures showing the positions assumed by the wing of the bird during the up and down strokes (side view), | [145] |
| The positions assumed by the wing of the insect as it hastens to and fro and describes a figure-of-8 track, | [147] |
| The figure-of-8 curves made by the wing of the bird in flexion and extension, | [147] |
| The long and short axes of the wing, | [149] |
| The waved tracks described by the wing and body of the bird as they alternately rise and fall, | [157], [163] |
| The positions assumed by the wing of the bird during thedown and up strokes (front view), | [158] |
| Analysis of the movements of the wing, | [160], [161] |
| The kite-like action and waved movements of the wing, | [166] |
| The Centaur Beetle and Water Bug, | [171] |
| The Dragon Fly, | [172] |
| The screws formed by the wing of the insect, bat, and bird, | [174], [175], [176] |
| The muscles, elastic ligaments, and feathers of the wing of the bird, | [181] |
| The flight of the King-fisher, | [183] |
| The flight of the Gull, | [186] |
| The flight of the Owl, | [198] |
| The flight of the Albatross, | [200] |
| Pigeon and Duck alighting, | [203], [204] |
| Hawk and quarry—(The Graphic), | [206] |
| The Vauxhall Balloon of Mr. Green, | [208] |
| Mr. Henson’s Flying Machine, | [212] |
| Mr. Stringfellow’s Flying Machine, | [213] |
| Sir George Cayley’s Flying Apparatus, | [215] |
| Flying Machine designed by De la Landelle, | [217] |
| Borelli’s Artificial Bird, | [220] |
| Diagrams illustrating the true and false action of the wing, | [228] |
| The sculling action of the wing as seen in the bird, | [231] |
| The artificial wave wing of the Author, | [237] |
| Do. do. with driving apparatus, | [239] |
| Various forms of artificial wings by the Author, | [241] |
| The compound wave wing of the Author, | [243] |
| Diagrams illustrative of artificial wing movements, | [250] |
| Diagram illustrating the currents produced by the movements of artificial wings, | [253] |
| The aërial wave screw of the Author, | [256] |
| Swallow in pursuit of insects, | [260] |
