Malthus and his work

by James Bonar

THE EQUITY AND CANDOUR OF HIS NATURE,

HIS SWEETNESS OF TEMPER, URBANITY OF MANNERS,

AND TENDERNESS OF HEART,

HIS BENEVOLENCE AND HIS PIETY,

ARE THE STILL DEARER RECOLLECTIONS OF HIS FAMILY

AND FRIENDS.

Born Feb. 14, 1766. Died Dec. 29, 1834.

INDEX.

• Abbot, Chas., mover of Enumeration Bill, [173], [178]
• Africa, [105], [111]
• America, North, [17], [28], [69] seq.;
  • Indians, [89] seq., [105], [111], [143], [167], [174], &c.;
  • cf. [369], [370] (American increase)
• America, South, [88]
• Anderson, Adam, [173], [174]
• Anderson, Jas., [221], [377]
• Arabs, [109], [110]
• Aristotle, [113], [211], [214], [319], [356], [384]
• Bacon, Francis, [22], [47], [66], [124], [396]
• Bagehot, Walter, [227], [383]
• Ball, John, [385]
• Bamford, Sam., [298]
• Bentham, Jeremy, [43], [44], [323], [325], [331]
• Berkeley, Bishop, [201]
• Bert, Paul, [371]
• Births, no criterion of numbers, [149];
  • or of increase, [179];
  • cf. [161]
• Board of Agriculture, [176], [186], [216]–218
• Booth, David, [362], [371]
• Bosanquet, Chas., [291]
• Bounties, [31], [217], [220], &c.
• Brassey, Thos., [257]
• Brougham, H., [228], [415]
• Brown, Dr. J., ‘Estimate,’ [173]
• Bruckner, Dr. John, of Norwich, [8]
• Buckle, H. T., [22], [33]
• Bullion Committee, [285] seq.
• Caird, Jas., [69], [75], [76], [245]
• Cairnes, J. E., [138], [245], [261]
• Cannibalism, [94]
• Carey, H. C., [65], [68], [70], [239], [395]
• Census, Swedish, [132];
  • English, B. I. ch. vii.
• Chalmers, Geo., [174]
• Chalmers, Dr. Thos., [316], [409]
• Chartism, [298]
• Checks on population, classified, [52], [81], passim B. I. and B. IV.
• China, [112], [113]
• Clarke, Edw., [48], [127], B. V. passim
• Cobbett, Wm., [6] and note, [287], [290], [298], [338], [363], [395]
• Cobden, R., [225], [287], [353];
  • cf. [55]
• Coleridge, S. T., the Poet, [22], [48], [95], [111], [371] seq.;
  • the MS. notes genuine? 374;
  • cf. [48], [377]
• Comte, Auguste, [20], [344];
  • cf. [213]
• Comte, Charles, [413], [416]
• Condorcet, Marquis de, [11], [22]–24, [30], [31], [375], &c.
• Conversion of the world, the postulate of Socialism as of Christianity, [392]
• Cook, Captain, passim B. I. ch. iv.
• Co-operation, [232], [300], [352], [392]
• Copleston, Dr. E., [363]
• Corn Laws, B. II. ch. i.;
  • corn as measure of value, [224], [255]–6
• Corn Law Catechism, [227], [308]
• Cosmology of Malthus, [34] seq.
• Cosmopolitanism, [347], [356], [396];
  • cf. [328]
• Cripps, [127]
• Critics of Malthus, I, [45], B. IV. passim
• Currency, [226]–7, and B. II. ch. iii.
• Cycle, [83], [84], [147]
• Darwin, Chas., [24], [46], [363]
• Decreasing returns, law of, [234] seq.;
  • cf. [37], [74], [78]
• ‘Definitions in Pol. Econ.,’ [211], [265], and generally B. II. ch. ii.
• Dependence on the foreigner, [217], [225], [233];
  • dependent poverty, [310]
• Depopulation controversy, [173] seq.
• Depreciation of currency, [285], and generally B. II. ch. iii.;
  • cf. [227], [248]–9
• Distribution, when keeping pace with production, [166]
• Doubleday, Thos., [396]
• Dyer, T. H., [339]
• Eckersall, Harriet (Mrs. Malthus), [412];
  • cf. [322]
• Economists, [47], [247], [248], [276]
• Economy, political, its method, &c., B. II. ch. i.;
  • Club first founded, [263], [413];
  • place among the studies of youth, [419]
• Eden, Sir Fred., ‘the State of the Poor’ (1797), [248], [310], &c.
• ‘Edinburgh Review,’ notice of Malthus, [43];
  • connection with Malthus, [33], [329], [364], [371], [412];
    • but see ‘Malthus, T. R.’;
  • notice of Godwin, [12], [368], [371]
• Education, [56], [77], [275], [298], [301], [340], [341];
  • cf. [403], [404], [419], [420]
• Egypt, [111]
• Emigration, B. I. ch. v.;
  • Commons Committee, l. c. and 195 seq., [240], [377]
• Empson, Wm., [43], [213] n.;
  • his classification of critics, [377], [394];
  • life of Malthus, [399]
• Enclosures, [176], [215], [217]
• ‘Encyclopædia Britannica,’ article of Malthus in Supplement, [70] seq.
• England, B. I. ch. vii.
• Essay on Population, editions, [2];
  • origin, [5], [32], &c.;
  • B. I. passim, B. IV. passim
• Ethics of Malthus, B. III.
• Euler, [69], [369]
• Factory Acts, [301], [343], [345]
• Fawcett, Mrs., [240]
• Fawcett, Prof., [273]
• Ferguson, Adam, [297]
• Fifth Monarchy Men, [385]
• Finland, [48], [127]
• Foundling Hospitals, [134], [135];
  • cf. [409]
• Fox, Ch. J., [29], [31], [338]
• Fox, Henry, [173]
• France, B. I. ch. vi.
• Franklin, Benj., [10], [14], [63], [369]
• Frend, tutor of Malthus, [406]
• Fyffe, C. A., [161]
• Gallois, [416]
• Garnier, his article on Malthus in ‘Dict. de l’Écon. Pol.,’ [214], [410], [415]
• George, Henry, [38], [40];
  • cf. [236], [382];
  • on population, [385]–388
• George III., [29], [324]
• Germany, [126], [183]
• Gibbon, Edw., [21] n., [107], [108], [400]
• Giffen, R., [72] n., [78] n.
• Gilbert’s Act, [27]
• Glut, or over-production, B. II. ch. iii.
• Godwin, Wm., [7]; Pol. Justice, [9]–11, &c.;
  • • cf. [355], [371];
  • Enquirer, [13], [14];
    • cf. [355]–371;
  • Caleb Williams, [10];
  • Memoir of Mary Wollstonecraft, [21];
  • St. Leon, [21], [22], [31];
  • Parr’s Sermon, [43] n., [45], [358];
  • Population, [43], [87], [364] seq.;
  • character, [58];
  • in hands of ‘Edinburgh Review,’ [12], [368], [371]
• Government, influence on population, [112], &c.;
  • due to our wickedness? 9;
  • acting from passion, [225];
  • Whig, as patrons, [415], [416]
• Grahame, Jas., [376] seq.
• Graves, Rich., tutor of Malthus, [404] seq.
• Green, T. H., [354]
• Greg, W. R., [41], [394]
• Grote, George, [413]
• Haileybury College, Malthus’ lectures in, [214], [222], [229], [416] seq.;
  • raison d’être and death, [415] seq.;
  • physical surroundings, [420]
• Hallam, H., [85], [363]
• Hazlitt, W., [85], [329], [372], [386], [394]
• Held, Adolf, [41], [325], [331], [382]
• Highlands, [150], [187]–190
• ‘High Price of Provisions,’ [43], [49], [215], [307], [408], [411]
• ‘High Price of Gold Bullion,’ [285]
• History, needs to be rewritten, [83];
  • of English commerce, [25], [282], [283], [298];
  • Corn Laws, [219];
  • currency, [286]–290
• Holcroft, friend of Godwin, [22]
• Holland, B. I. ch. v.
• Holyoake, G. J., [412]
• Horner, Francis, B. V. passim;
  • cf. [285], [340], &c.
• Hume, David, [31], [32], [99], [115] n., [116], [135], [173], &c., &c.
• Hume, Joseph, [425]
• Huntingford, Bishop, [377]
• India, child-murder, [117];
  • cf. [115]
• India Civil Servants, [417] seq.
• Ingram, Disquisitions on Population, [329]
• Ireland, [146], [172], and B. I. ch. vii.
• d’Ivernois, Sir F., [154], [163]
• Jeffrey, Francis, [329];
  • description of Haileybury, [418]
• Kant, E., [309], [321], [323]
• Kautsky, Karl, [416]
• Labour, as the measure of value, and as earning wages, B. II. ch. ii.
• Land and its rent, B. II. ch. i.
• Lassalle, [268]
• Lecky, W. E. H., [26], [177], [202]
• Leslie, Cliffe, [138], [165], [210], [252]
• Levasseur, E., [164] seq.
• Levellers, [385]
• Locke, J., [13]
• Luddites, [290]
• Luxuries, [215], [225], [295].
  • See Standard of living.
• Lyell, Sir Chas., [46]
• Macaulay, T. B., [272], [336];
  • review of Sadler, [377], [410], [425]
• MacCulloch, J. R., [33], [40], [167], B. II. ch. i. passim
• Mackintosh, Sir Jas., B. V. passim;
  • cf. [336]
• Macleod, H. D., [287]
• Malthus, Daniel, [7], [399] seq.;
  • cf. [135], [324]
• Malthus, Henry, [6], [415]
• Malthus, T. R., his several works: Crisis, [7], [30];
  • Essay on Population, B. I. chs. i. ii and passim;
  • High Price of Provisions, [43], [49], [307], &c.;
  • Letter to Whitbread, [215], [313];
  • Article on Newenham, [93], [195], [202];
  • other articles in ‘Edinburgh’ and ‘Quarterly,’ [33], [212], [271], [275], [285] and note, [288], [290], [329], [371];
  • Observations on the Corn Laws, [222], [223];
  • Grounds of an Opinion, [227];
  • Nature and Progress of Rent, [229];
  • Political Economy, [210]–214;
  • Measure of Value, [254];
  • Definitions in Political Economy, [211], [265];
  • article in Encyclopædia Britannica, [71];
  • Papers read before Royal Society of Literature, [263];
  • Evidence before Emigration Committee, [144] seq.;
  • Summary View, [80];
  • Tracts on East India College, [423];
  • correspondence with Godwin, Senior, Napier, Ricardo, Clarke, Sinclair, see under these names;
  • letter on Wakefield, [405];
  • style, [50], [265], [304], [408], [409];
  • character, [57], and B. V. passim
• Man on the earth. See Cosmology and Ethics
• Manufacturer, late and early sense, [26]
• Marat, [404]
• Marcet, Mrs., [272]
• Martineau, Harriet, [3], [57], [58], [85], [287], [323], and B. V. passim
• Marx, Karl, [84], [257], [268], [388] seq.
• Mean, golden, [225] and note, [295], [320]
• Mercantile theory, [47]
• Middle classes, [225]
• Mill, Jas., [208], [209], [273], [276], [280], [281], [293], [413], [414]
• — John, [209], [239], [244], [271], [273], [281]
• Millennium, Godwin’s, [16];
  • Socialistic and Christian, [392]
• Milne, Joshua, [71], [72]
• Minimum of wages, [217], [268], &c.;
  • of prices, [279]
• Mivart, St George, [385]
• Montesquieu, [32], [108], [109], [138], &c.
• Moore, Dr. John, [311]
• — Thomas, [416]
• Moral impossibility, &c., [53]
• Moral restraint, [49]–53, [118], [119], [383], &c., &c.
• — Philosophy of Malthus, B. III.
• Moravians, [383]
• ‘Mordecai Mullion,’ [297]
• More, Sir Thos., [11] n., [27], [385]
• Muret, [148] seq., [174], [377]
• Napier, Macvey, [6], [43], [71], [314], [398], &c.
• Nationality, [346]–7
• Nationalization of land, [236], [382], [392]
• ‘Nature’ defined, [337];
  • ‘Nature’s mighty feast,’ [305]
• Navigation Act, [228]–9
• Necessaries and luxuries, [117], [118], [122]
• New and old Malthusians, [24], [375];
  • cf. [384]
• Newenham, reviewed by Malthus, [93], [195]
• ‘New School of Political Economy,’ [275] seq.
• Norway, B. I. ch. v.
• Ortes, G. M., [391]
• Otaheite, B. I. ch. iv.
• Otter, Bishop, [48], [127], B. V. passim
• Over-population, [117], [145], [164], &c.
• Over-production, B. II. ch. iii.;
  • • cf. [57], [215];
  • of food not possible, [232], [294]
• Over-profits, see under Rent, esp. [230]
• Owen, Robert, [11] n., [24], [267], [301], [377], [380], [382] seq., [412]
• Paine, Thos., [9], [336], [405]
• Paley, W., [34], [38] and note, [39], [43], [269], B. III. passim, &c.
• Parr, Dr. S., [43];
  • see Godwin
• Peace of Paris, [35], [220]
• Perfectibility of man, [11], [22];
  • see Condorcet, Godwin
• Petty, W., [68], [186], [369]
• Pitcairn Island, [102]
• Pitt, W., B. I. chs. i., ii.;
  • cf. [227], [363]; B. II. ch. iv. &c., &c.
• Plato, [66] n., [101] n., [113];
  • cf. [385]
• Poland, [249]
• Political justice. See Godwin
• Politics of Malthus; see B. III.;
  • cf. [198], [225], [298], &c.
• Poor Bill of Pitt, [6], [29], [43]
• Poor Laws, English, [6], [27], [29], [215], [135], &c., B. II. ch. iv.
• — Foreign, [313]
• Population, B. I. passim, B. IV. passim;
  • cf. esp. [212]
• Populousness of ancient nations, [31], [32], [113]–117
• Postulates of 1st Essay, [16], [47];
  • cf. B. I. ch. ii., Theses
• Potatoes, [194]–198, [203], [204], [217], [380]
• Price, Dr. R., [31], [32], [39], [174], but esp. [175], [176];
  • cf. [377]
• Production in relation to distribution, [166], and passim;
  • in relation to consumption, [296]
• Productive labour, [212]
• Property, private, [76], [236];
  • cf. [18]
• Prosperity, criterion of national, [123]
• Protection, B. II. ch. i.
• Prussia, B. I. ch. v.
• ‘Quarterly Review,’ articles of Malthus in, [212], [285] seq.
• — attitude to Malthus, [363]–4
• ‘Querist,’ Berkeley’s. See Wall of Brass
• de Quincey, [266], [297], [363]
• Ratio, geometrical and arithmetical, [17], [66], and generally B. I. ch. iii.;
  • B. IV. esp. [369]
• Raynal, Abbé, [26], [28], [97], [336], [337]
• Revolution, Industrial, in England, [25], [282]
• — in France, [7], [11], [27], [154] seq., [336], &c.
• Ricardo, D., [57], B. II. passim;
  • letters to Malthus, [213], [265] note, [414];
  • Pol. Econ. and Taxation, [209];
  • High Price of Bullion, [285];
  • Low Price of Corn, [238];
  • contrasted with Malthus, [265]–6
• Rickman, J., [179] seq., [338]
• Rogers, Prof. Thorold, [37], [96], [136], [238], [240], [269], &c.
• Rome, B. I. ch. iv.
• Roscher, W., [210], [267]
• Rousseau, J. J., [7], [27], [135], [401]
• Russia, B. I. ch. v.
• Sadler, Mich., [377] seq.
• Sargant, W. L., [412]
• Say, J. B., [57], [208], [292] seq.
• Scotland, B. I., ch. vii.
• Scrope, G. Poulett, [377]
• Senior, W. N., [3], [4], [47], [209], [414]
• Short, [369]
• Simonin, [376]
• Sinclair, Sir John, [186], [216], [368], [369], [370], [426]
• Sismondi, Chas. de, [209], [296], [415]
• Smith, Adam, [3], [5], [9], [26], [31], [33], [47], [56], [57], [86], [95], [105], [117] and passim
• Smith, Sydney, B. V. passim
• Socialism, [214], [252], [312], [382] seq.
• Society, Royal, [413];
  • of Literature, [263], [414];
  • Statistical, [415]
• Southey, Robt., [4], [11], [338], [374], [377], [383]
• Speenhamland Act, [30]
• Spence, Wm., Great Britain Independent of Commerce, [247], [293]
• Spence, author of ‘The Land the People’s Farm,’ [382], [385]
• Spencer, Herbert, [393], [396]
• Standard of Comfort, [117], [120] seq., [137], [140], [194], [195]–198, [269], [295], &c., &c.
• State insurance, [24]
• Steuart, Sir J., [32]
• Stewart, Dugald, barrel-organ, [385]
• Struggle for existence, [20], [47], [119];
  • not leading to progress, [96], [112]
• Styles, Dr. E., [357], [369]
• ‘Summons of Wakening,’ [365]
• Sumner, Dr. J. B., Archbishop of Canterbury, [12], [34], [38], [307]
• Sunday Schools, [298]
• Suspension of cash payments, [284] seq.
• Süssmilch, J. P., [39], [115], [124] seq., [139], [369]
• Sweden, B. I. ch. v.;
  • cf. [72], [73], [370]
• Taine, [121]
• Talleyrand, [418]
• Teleology, [319] seq., [326]
• Tendency, B. I. ch. iii. passim, esp. [61], [65], [66]
• Theses. See Postulates
• Thompson, l’erronet, [227], [308]
• Thornton, W. T., [130] n., [210], [273]
• de Tocqueville, [89]
• Tooke, Thos., [288], [291], B. II. ch. iii., passim, [412], &c.
• Torrens, R., contrasts Malthus unfavourably with Ricardo, [265]
• Townsend, Joseph, [32], [64]
• Toynbee, A., [314], [378]
• Tucker, Abraham, [35], [164], B. III. passim, esp. [324], [403], &c.
• Tucker, Josiah, [33], [324]
• Turkey, [112]
• United States. See America
• Utilitarianism, [39], [53], and B. III.;
  • cf. [213], [374]–5
• Vice and virtue defined, [81], [327], [330];
  • cf. [374]
• Voltaire, [27], [33]
• Wages, B. II. ch. ii.;
  • • cf. [226];
  • review of wages for five centuries, [247]–8
• Wages Fund, [270] seq.
• Wakefield, Gilb., tutor of Malthus, [339], [404]
• Walker, F. A., [210], [244]
• Wall of Brass, [201], [250]–1
• Wallace, A. R., [46], [47]
• Wallace, Dr. Robt., [8], [9], [20], [31], [126], [173]
• War, reparable and irreparable evils of, [155] seq.
• Watson, Bishop of Llandaff, [11], [405]
• Wealth, as subject of Pol. Econ., [210], [212]
• Wesleyan movement, [26];
  • cf. [403]
• West, Sir Edw., [222], [234]–5, [240]
• Weyland, J., [377], [410]
• Whishaw, John, [409]
• Whitbread, Samuel, [29], [31], &c.
• Wollstonecraft, Mary, [21]
• Young, Arthur, [69], [159] seq., [178], [201], [216], [380]

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