Malthus and his work

by James Bonar

[40]. Political Justice, VIII. ix. 520 n.

[41]. Essay, 1st ed., p. 227.

[42]. Esquisse, pp. 362 seq.

[43]. Essay, 1st ed., pp. 146, 150.

[44]. Ibid. p. 154; Condorcet, Esquisse, pp. 364–373.

[45]. The locus classicus in Malthus is Essay, Append, (of 1817), p. 512; cf. III. iii. 286, IV. xiii. 474. The pages are those of the 7th edition (Reeves and Turner), a reprint of the 6th.

[46]. Malthus sometimes uses the word in the earlier sense, and Adam Smith seldom in the later.

[47]. Lecky, Hist. of Eighteenth Century, vol ii. p. 638.

[48]. Cf. Godwin, pref. to Pol. Just.

[49]. Hansard, Parl. Hist., vol. xxxiii, pp. 703 seq., Feb 12, 1796; cf. vol. xxxii. pp. 687 seq. The “Speenhamland Act of Parliament” was really an act of the Berkshire magistrates (1795), but had been widely imitated, and had certainly prepared the way for Pitt’s bill.