[80]. Godwin’s Thoughts on Parr’s Sermon, 1801, p. 54; cf. Godwin’s Population (1820), Bk. i. 27.
[81]. Godwin’s Life, by Kegan Paul, vol. i. 321.
[82]. Hansard, sub dato, p. 1429.
[83]. Empson in Edinburgh Review, Jan. 1837, p. 483; cf. Essay on Population, 7th ed. p. 473 n. Empson’s authorship of that article appears from Macvey Napier’s Correspondence, p. 187. See below, Book V.
[84]. Works, vol. viii. p. 440.
[85]. Thoughts on Parr’s Sermon, p. 56.
[86]. Essay, 1st ed., pp. 17, 47, 48; Origin of Species, ch. iii. p. 50. Hence Sir Chas. Lyell even denies the originality of Darwin and Wallace (Antiquity of Man, ch. xxi p. 456).
[87]. Cf. A. R. Wallace, Contributions to Theory of Natural Selection, and the discussions raised thereupon, 1868. See also Essays in Philosophical Criticism (1883), Essay VIII., The Struggle for Existence, in which some of the mixed motives are further described.
[88]. Appendix to 5th ed., 1817; 7th ed., p. 526. Cf. Bacon (Essay XXXVIII.), “to bend nature like a wand to a contrary extreme whereby to set it aright.” Adam Smith had used the simile of a bent stick to describe the reaction of the French Economists against the Mercantile theorists (Wealth of Nations, IV. ix. 300).
[89]. Essay, 1st ed., p. 367. Cf. Senior’s Lectures on Population, p. 79, and p. 75, where he compares such progress to the exploits of the snail which every day climbed up a wall four feet and fell back three.