ON THE WEEDS OF CLOVERS.

That clover crops are often very full of weeds every farmer must be fully aware, but few among them have used sufficient penetration to have discovered the source of most of the weed growth, not only in clovers, but in other crops: how much, then, may they be expected to be astonished if told that they cultivate weeds by sowing their seeds as carefully as they do those of their crops, and that they pay the same price for weed as for crop seeds!

In the spring of 1859 we published the results of some analyses of the weed admixtures in several samples of different kinds of clover seeds, which we annex ([table 1], p. 149), adding to them some further results obtained during the present spring, 1863, by way of comparison.

This presents a formidable array of figures, as it shows how much of more than mere harmless matter is purchased and sown instead of good seed; and the fact of the mischief likely to accrue from putting so many enemies in the place of friends will become all the more plain by a careful study of the next table ([No. 2], p. 150).

Now, in order to make this part of our argument still more complete, we add another table ([No. 3], p. 150), intending to show the number of weed plants absolutely separated from a single square yard of old seeds taken from a field on the great oolite rock.

1. TABLE OF WEEDS IN CLOVER SEEDS.
Date.Label.Number
of Weeds
per Bushel.
Average.
1859Red Clover66,560 -728,333
Ditto140,880
Ditto245,760
Ditto307,200
Ditto1,085,440
Ditto5,524,160
Cow-grass Clover40,960 -401,066
Ditto102,400
Ditto307,200
Ditto409,600
Ditto768,000
Ditto778,240
White Dutch Clover256,000 -2,768,106
Ditto1,024,000
Ditto1,299,840
Ditto1,843,200
Ditto4,505,600
Ditto7,680,000
1863Ditto1,331,200 -820,140
Ditto819,200
Alsike Clover1,976,080
Ditto1,474,560
Red Clover614,400
Ditto266,240
Trefoil
Ditto79,440

2. TABLE OF THE NUMBER OF WEEDS SOWN IN CLOVER SEEDS.
Weeds
to a
Pint.
Pints
to an
Acre.
Weeds
to an
Acre.
Weeds
to a
Square
Yard.
Broad Clover7,840×13=100,92021
Ditto8,400×13=109,20022
Cow-grass Clover12,000×13=156,00032
Ditto6,400×13=83,20017
White Dutch Clover26,560×12=318,72066
Ditto70,400×12=844,800174
3. TABLE OF WEEDS IN A SQUARE YARD OF SEEDS.
No.Botanical Name.Trivial Name.Number of
Weed-
plants.
1Plantago lanceolataNarrow-leaved Plantain7
2Ranunculus repensCreeping Crowfoot8
3Centaurea scabiosaHard Head2
4Leontodon taraxacumDandelion2
5Apargia autumnalisAutumnal Hawkbit1
6Glechoma hederaceaGround Ivy6
7Prunella vulgarisSelf Heal4
8Convolvulus arvensisCorn Bindweed1
9Æthusa cynapiumFool’s Parsley1
10Cerastium arvenseMouse-ear2
11Sherardia arvensisField Madder6
12Triticum repensCommon Couch2
13Agrostis stoloniferaCreeping Bent4
Total of weeds in a square yard besides annual grasses.46

These three tables show us not only the fact that the farmer sows weeds with his crop, but, as will be seen from [table 2], quite enough of these in some cases to stock the land,—how effectually, indeed, may be seen from [table 3], where in arable land we find no less than forty-six plants other than the crop, and mostly of those species whose seeds will be traced in dirty samples. To further show that clovers and their mixtures with grasses called “seeds” have their own peculiar weeds, we subjoin one other table of the species of weeds observed in three kinds of seed crops as under:—