| discipline, | give instruction, | inform, | nurture, |
| drill, | give lessons, | initiate, | school, |
| educate, | inculcate, | instill, | train, |
| enlighten, | indoctrinate, | instruct, | tutor. |
To teach is simply to communicate knowledge; to instruct (originally, to build in or into, put in order) is to impart knowledge with special method and completeness; instruct has also an authoritative sense nearly equivalent to command. To educate is to draw out or develop harmoniously the mental powers, and, in the fullest sense, the moral powers as well. To train is to direct to a certain result powers already existing. Train is used in preference to educate when the reference is to the inferior animals or to the physical powers of man; as, to train a horse; to train the hand or eye. To discipline is to bring into habitual and complete subjection to authority; discipline is a severe word, and is often used as a euphemism for punish; to be thoroughly effective in war, soldiers must be disciplined as well as trained. To nurture is to furnish the care and sustenance necessary for physical, mental, and moral growth; nurture is a more tender and homelike word than educate. Compare [EDUCATION].
TEMERITY.
Synonyms:
| audacity, | heedlessness, | presumption, |
| foolhardiness, | over-confidence, | rashness, |
| hardihood, | precipitancy, | recklessness, |
| hastiness, | precipitation, | venturesomeness. |
Rashness applies to the actual rushing into danger without counting the cost; temerity denotes the needless exposure of oneself to peril which is or might be clearly seen to be such. Rashness is used chiefly of bodily acts, temerity often of mental or social matters; there may be a noble rashness, but temerity is always used in a bad sense. We say it is amazing that one should have had the temerity to make a statement which could be readily proved a falsehood, or to make an unworthy proposal to one sure to resent it; in such use temerity is often closely allied to hardihood, audacity, or presumption. Venturesomeness dallies on the edge of danger and experiments with it; foolhardiness rushes in for want of sense, heedlessness for want of attention, rashness for want of reflection, recklessness from disregard of consequences. Audacity, in the sense here considered, denotes a dashing and somewhat reckless courage, in defiance of conventionalities, or of[354] other men's opinions, or of what would be deemed probable consequences; as, the audacity of a successful financier. Compare [EFFRONTERY].
Antonyms:
| care, | caution, | circumspection, | cowardice, | hesitation, | timidity, | wariness. |