CONTENTS.
PART I.
CHAP. PAGE
1.[The Age of the Apostles]1
2.[St. Ignatius]5
3.[St. Justin, Martyr]10
4.[St. Polycarp]13
5.[The Martyrs of Lyons and Vienne]15
6.[Tertullian—Perpetua and her Companions]17
7.[Origen]21
8.[St Cyprian—Part I.]25
"[Part II.]27
"[Part III.]29
9.[The Last Persecution]31
10.[Constantine the Great]38
11.[The Council of Nicæa]43
12.[St. Athanasius—Part I.]47
"[Part II.]51
"[Part III.]54
13.[The Monks]59
14.[St. Basil and St. Gregory of Nazianzum—Part I.]67
"""[Part II.]70
15.[St. Ambrose]73
16.[The Temple of Serapis]77
17.[Church Government]80
18.[Christian Worship—Part I.]85
""[Part II.]87
""[Part III.]90
19.[Arcadius and Honorius]93
20.[St. John Chrysostom—Part I.]95
""[Part II.]100
""[Part III.]103
""[Part IV.]105
21.[St. Augustine—Part I.]108
"[Part II.]111
"[Part III. (Donatism)]114
"[Part IV.]"118
"[Part V.]"120
"[Part VI. (Pelagianism)]124
"[Part VII.]"127
22.[Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon]128
23.[Fall of the Western Empire]131
24.[Conversion of the Barbarians—Christianity in Britain]133
25.[Scotland and Ireland]136
26.[Clovis]140
27.[Justinian]142
28.[Nestorians and Monophysites]144
29.[St. Benedict—Part I.]147
"[Part II.]150
30.[End of the Sixth Century—Part I.]152
""[Part II.]154
31.[St. Gregory the Great—Part I.]156
""[Part II.]159
""[Part III.]160
""[Part IV.]163
PART II.
1.[Mahometanism—Image-worship]169
2.[The Church in England]171
3.[St. Boniface]173
4.[Pipin and Charles the Great—Part I.]177
""[Part II.]179
5.[Decay of Charles the Great's Empire]181
6.[State of the Papacy]184
7.[Missions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries]185
8.[Pope Gregory VII.—Part I.]191
"[Part II.]193
"[Part III.]194
"[Part IV.]196
9.[The First Crusade—Part I.]198
"[Part II.]201
"[Part III.]204
10.[New Orders of Monks—Military Orders]205
11.[St. Bernard—Part I.]211
"[Part II.]213
12.[Adrian IV.—Alexander III.—Becket—The Third Crusade]214
13.[Innocent III.—Part I.]217
"[Part II.]220
"[Part III.]223
"[Part IV.]225
14.[Frederick II—St. Lewis of France—Part I.]228
"""[Part II.]229
"""[Part III.]230
15.[Peter of Murrone]232
16.[Boniface VIII.—Part I.]235
"[Part II.]236
17.[The Popes at Avignon—The Ruin of the Templars—Part I.]239
"""[Part II.]241
18.[The Popes at Avignon (continued)]245
19.[Religious Parties]247
20.[John Wyclif]249
21.[The Popes return to Rome]252
22.[The Great Schism]254
23.[John Huss]256
24.[The Council of Constance—Part I.]258
""[Part II.]260
""[Part III.]261
25.[The Hussites]263
26.[Councils of Basel and Florence]265
27.[Nicolas V. and Pius II.]268
28.[Jerome Savonarola—Part I.]271
""[Part II.]273
29.[Julius II. and Leo X.]275
30.[Missions—The Inquisition]277
TABLE OF DATES.
PART I.
A.D. PAGE
33.[Descent of the Holy Ghost on the Day of Pentecost]1
62.[Martyrdom of St. James the Less]3
64.[Persecution by Nero begins]2
68.[Martyrdom of St. Peter and St. Paul]2
70.[Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus]3
95.[Persecution by Domitian]3
100.[Death of St. John]5
116.[Martyrdom of Ignatius]9
166.[Martyrdoms of Justin and Polycarp]10-15
168.[Montanus publishes his heresy]17
177.[Persecution at Lyons and Vienne]15
190.[Tertullian flourishes]18
202.[Persecution by Severus begins]18
—[Martyrdom of Origen's father]21
206.[Martyrdom of Perpetua and her companions]18
248.[Cyprian, bishop of Carthage]25
249.[Persecution by Decius]23
251.[Paul, the first hermit]60
—[Troubles at Carthage—Novatian separates from the Church]27
253.[Plague at Carthage]27
254.[Death of Origen]24
—[Disagreement between Cyprian and Stephen, bishop of Rome]29
257.[Persecution by Valerian]29
258.[Martyrdom of Cyprian]31
260.[Conversion of the Goths begins]40
261.[Valerian taken prisoner in Persia—Gallienus allows liberty to the Christians]32
270.[Manes publishes his heresy]110
298.[Diocletian requires soldiers, &c., to worship the heathen gods]33
303.[The last general persecution begins]34
311.[Separation of the Donatists from the Church]44, 116
313.[End of the persecution—Constantine and Licinius give liberty to the Christians]38
314.[Council of Arles about the affairs of the Donatists]117
319.[Arius begins to publish his heresy]44
324.[Constantine defeats Licinius, and declares himself a Christian]38
325.[The First General Council held at Nicæa—Arius condemned—The Nicene Creed made]46
326.[Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria]47
335.[Council of Tyre]48
—[Athanasius banished to Treves]49
336.[Death of Arius]50
337.[Death of Constantine]51
338.[Athanasius restored to his see]52
341.[Second banishment of Athanasius]52
343.[Persecution in Persia]41
347.[Revolt, defeat, and banishment of the Donatists]117
348.[Ulfilas, bishop of the Goths]93
349.[Second return of St. Athanasius]52
356.[Third exile of Athanasius]53
—[Death of Antony the hermit]61
361.[Julian, emperor—Paganism restored]57
362.[The Donatists recalled]120
—[Athanasius restored, but again banished]56
—[Attempt to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem]57
363.[Death of Julian]58
370.[Basil, bishop of Cæsarea, in Cappadocia]68
372.[Gregory of Nazianzum consecrated as bishop of Sasima]69
373.[Death of Athanasius]59
374.[Ambrose, bishop of Milan]73
378.[Gregory of Nazianzum goes to Constantinople]69
379.[Theodosius, emperor]70
380.[Gregory, bishop of Constantinople—Death of Basil]70
381.[Second General Council held at Constantinople—Gregory withdraws from his see]70
385.[Execution of Priscillian]72
387.[Baptism of Augustine]113
—[Sedition at Antioch]97
390.[Massacre at Thessalonica, and repentance of Theodosius]75
391.[Destruction of the Temple of Serapis]78
395.[Death of Theodosius]77
—[Augustine, bishop of Hippo]114
397.[Death of Ambrose]77
—[Chrysostom, bishop of Constantinople]100
400.[Pelagius teaches his heresy at Rome]124
403.[Death of Telemachus at Rome]95
—[Council of the Oak—Chrysostom banished and recalled]105
404.[Chrysostom banished to Cucusus]106
407.[Death of Chrysostom]107
409.[The Romans withdraw from Britain]135
410.[Rome taken by Alaric]93
—[Pelagius and Celestius in Africa]125
411.[Conference with the Donatists at Carthage]122
412.[Ninian, bishop of Whithorn]136
415.[Councils in the Holy Land as to Pelagius]126
429.[Pelagianism put down in Britain by German and Lupus]135
430.[Death of Augustine]128
431.[Third General Council held at Ephesus—Condemnation of Nestorius]129
432.[Death of Ninian—Patrick goes into Ireland]136
449.[Council, known as "The Meeting of Robbers," at Ephesus]129
—[Landing of the Saxons in England]136
451.[Fourth General Council held at Chalcedon—Condemnation of Eutyches]129
—[Attila in France—Deliverance of Orleans]131
452.[Attila in Italy]132
455.[Rome plundered by Genseric]132
476.[End of the Western Empire]133
464-519.[Separation between the Churches of Rome and Constantinople]144
493.[Death of Patrick]138
496.[Conversion of Clovis]141
527.[Justinian, emperor]142
529.[The heathen schools of Athens shut up]143
—[Benedict draws up his Rule for monks]149
541.[Jacob, leader of the Monophysites]145
553.[Fifth General Council held at Constantinople]145
565.[Columba settles at Iona]139
—[Death of Justinian]142
589.[Third Council of Toledo—The Spanish Church renounces Arianism]134
—[Columban goes into France]139
590.[Gregory the Great, bishop of Rome]155
596.[Mission of Augustine to England]163
597.[Landing of Augustine in England—Conversion of Ethelbert]164
604.[Deaths of Gregory and Augustine]166
PART II.
589-615.[Missionary labours of St. Columban]205
612.[Mahomet begins to publish his religion]169
627.[Jerusalem taken by the Mussulmans]169
632.[Death of Mahomet]169
635.[Settlement of Scottish missionaries in Holy Island]172
664.[Council of Whitby]172
724.[Beginning of controversy as to images]170
732.[Victory of Charles Martel over the Saracens]174
734.[Death of the Venerable Bede]173
715-755.[Missionary labours of St. Boniface]174
752.[Pipin becomes king of the Franks]177
787.[Second Council of Nicæa]180
794.[Council of Frankfort]180
800.[Charles the Great crowned as emperor]178
—[(about) Forgery of Constantine's donation]192
814.[Death of Charles the Great]181
826-865.[Missionary labours of Anskar]187
846.[(about) Forgery of the False Decretals]192
860-870.[Conversion of Bulgarians, Moravians, Bohemians, &c.]185
912.[Foundation of the Order of Cluny]206
962.[Otho I., emperor]183
988.[Conversion of Basil, great prince of Russia]188
999.[Sylvester II., pope]184
994-1030.[Conversion of Norwegians]189
1046.[Council of Sutri]185
1048.[Pope Leo IX.—Beginning of Hildebrand's influence over the papacy]193
1073.[Hildebrand elected pope (Gregory VII.)]193
1074.[Foundation of the Carthusian Order]207
1085.[Death of Gregory VII.]197
1098.[Foundation of the Cistercian Order]208
1099.[Jerusalem taken in the First Crusade]202
1113.[Order of St. John (or Hospitallers) founded]209
1116.[Order of the Temple founded]210
1123.[Agreement between the pope and the emperor at Worms]198
1147-1149.[The Second Crusade]213
1153.[Death of St. Bernard]214
1154.[Nicolas Breakspeare, an Englishman, chosen pope (Adrian IV.)]214
1170.[Murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket]216
1189.[The Third Crusade]217
1198.[Innocent III. elected pope]218
1203.[Constantinople taken by Crusaders]222
1208.[England put under an interdict]219
1208-1229.[War against the Albigenses]223
1215.[Fourth Council of the Lateran—Innocent sanctions the Dominican and Franciscan Orders of Mendicant Friars]227
1240.[First Crusade of St. Lewis]230
1270.[Second Crusade and death of St. Lewis]231
1274.[Second Council of Lyons]232
1294.[Election of Pope Celestine V.]233
——[Election of Pope Boniface VIII.]235
1300.[Boniface celebrates the first jubilee]235
1303.[Death of Boniface]239
1310.[The popes settle at Avignon]240
1312.[Council of Vienne—The Order of the Temple dissolved]243
1377.[Gregory XI. removes the papacy from Avignon to Rome]253
1378.[Beginning of the Great Schism of the West]254
1384.[Death of John Wyclif]251
1414-1418.[Council of Constance]258
1415.[Pope John XXIII. deposed]260
——[John Huss burnt by order of the Council]261
1417.[Election of Pope Martin V., and end of the Schism]262
1418.[Religious war of Bohemia breaks out]264
1431.[Council of Basel opened]265
1438.[Council of Ferrara and Florence]267
1453.[Constantinople taken by the Turks]268
1455.[Invention of Printing]269
1464.[Pope Pius II. vainly attempts a crusade]270
1498.[Death of Savonarola]274
1503.[Death of Pope Alexander VI.]275
1517.[Appearance of Martin Luther as a reformer]276

EXPLANATION OF THE MAP.

(To be read after Chapter XXII.)

The Map is meant to give the names of such places only as are mentioned in the History.

The bounds of the patriarchates of Constantinople, Antioch, and Jerusalem are marked as they were settled at the Council of Chalcedon, in the year 451.

Only the northern part of the Alexandrian patriarchate is seen, as the Map does not reach far enough to take in Abyssinia, which belonged to it.

At the time of the Council of Nicæa (A.D. 325) the bishop of Rome's patriarchate was confined to the middle and the south of Italy, with the Islands of Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. It afterwards grew by degrees, until at length it took in all the countries of the west, although it had lost Illyricum, which was once a part of it. But this was not until long after the time to which our little book relates, and in the meanwhile its extent varied very much. The reason why its bounds, at the time of the Council of Chalcedon, or in the days of Gregory the Great, cannot well be marked in a map is, that in some countries the bishops of Rome had much influence, but had not power. They gave advice to the bishops of Gaul (or France), Spain, and Africa, and sometimes ventured to give them directions. But they could not make the bishops of those countries obey their directions, and had not authority over them in the same way as the patriarchs of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, or Jerusalem had over the bishops within their patriarchates. To mark such countries as belonging to the Roman patriarchate would be too much; to mark them as if they had no connexion with it would be too little.