LIST OF PAPERS WHICH HAVE APPEARED IN DR. A. PETERMANN’S GEOGRAPHISCHE MITTHEILUNGEN RELATING TO THE GULF-STREAM AND THERMAL CONDITION OF THE ARCTIC REGIONS.
The most important memoir which we have on the Gulf-stream and its influence on the climate of the arctic regions is the one by Dr. A. Petermann, entitled “Der Golfstrom und Standpunkt der thermometrischen Kenntniss des nord-atlantischen Oceans und Landgebiets im Jahre 1870.” Geographische Mittheilungen, Band XVI. 1870.
Dr. Petermann has, in this memoir, by a different line of argument from that which I have pursued in this volume, shown in the most clear and convincing manner that the abnormally high temperature of the north-western shores of Europe and the seas around Spitzbergen is owing entirely to the Gulf-stream, and not to any general circulation such as that advocated by Dr. Carpenter. From a series of no fewer than 100,000 observations of temperature in the North Atlantic and in the arctic seas, he has been enabled to trace with accuracy on his charts the very footsteps of the heat in its passage from the Gulf of Mexico up to the shores of Spitzbergen.
The following is a list of the more important papers bearing on the subject which have recently appeared in Dr. Petermann’s Geogr. Mittheilungen:—
An English translation of Dr. Petermann’s Memoir, and of a few more in the subjoined list, has been published in a volume, with supplements, by the Hydrographic Department of the United States, under the superintendence of Commodore R. H. Wyman.
The papers whose titles are in English have appeared in the American volume. In that volume the principal English papers on the subject, in as far as they relate to the north-eastern extension of the Gulf-stream, have also been reprinted.
The System of Oceanic Currents in the Circumpolar Basin of the Northern Hemisphere. By Dr. A. Mühry. Vol. XIII., Part II. 1867.
The Scientific Results of the first German North Polar Expedition. By Dr. W. von Freeden. Vol. XV., Part VI. 1869.
The Gulf-stream, and the Knowledge of the Thermal Properties of the North Atlantic Ocean and its Continental Borders, up to 1870. By Dr. A. Petermann. Geographische Mittheilungen, Vol. XVI., Part VI. 1870.
The Temperature of the North Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf-stream. By Rear-Admiral C. Irminger. Vol. XVI., Part VI. 1870.