[306] Phil. Mag., S. 4, vol. x., p. 303.
[307] Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists’ Society, vol. iv., p. 39 (new series).
[308] See Philosophical Transactions, December, 1857.
[309] There is one circumstance tending slightly to prevent the rupture of the glacier, when under tension, which I do not remember to have seen noticed; that is, the cooling effect which is produced in solids, such as ice, when subjected to tension. Tension would tend to lower the temperature of the ice-molecules, and this lowering of temperature would have the tendency of freezing them more firmly together. The cause of this cooling effect will be explained in the Appendix.
[310] Phil. Mag., March, 1869; September, 1870.
[311] “Forms of Water,” p. 127.
[312] See text, p. 10.
[313] Mathematical and Physical Series, vol. xxxvi. (1765).
[314] “Memoirs of St. Petersburg Academy,” 1761.
[315] The calculations here referred to were made by Lagrange nearly half a century previous to the appearance of this paper, and published in the “Mémoires de l’Académie de Berlin,” for 1782, p. 273. Lagrange’s results differ but slightly from those afterwards obtained by Leverrier, as will be seen from the following table; but as he had assigned erroneous values to the masses of the smaller planets, particularly that of Venus, the mass of which he estimated at one-half more than its true value, full confidence could not be placed in his results.