[11]. Good Words for 1875, p. 861.

[12]. Manchester Science Lectures.

[13]. Proc. of Royal Society, vol. xliv. p. 5.

[14]. World Life, or Comparative Geology, by Alexander Winchell, LL.D., Professor of Geology and Palæontology in the University of Michigan. Chicago: S. C. Griggs & Co. 1883.

[15]. Other Worlds, chap. ix.

[16]. Manchester Science Lectures.

[17]. Proceedings of Royal Institution, vol. xii. p. 16.

[18]. Laplace held a more accurate view of the primitive condition of the solar nebula. He considered that, owing to intense heat, the solar mass became expanded to the limits of the remotest planetary orbit of our system; that, in cooling, it began slowly to condense; and that, as condensation went on, planet after planet became detached from the mass. Laplace, however, offered no explanation of the manner in which the primitive nebula obtained its heat.

[19]. Proceedings of Royal Institution, vol. xii. p. 15.

[20]. Proceedings of the Royal Society, vol. xliii. p. 140.