| James Dennistoun of Dennistoun. From a medallion in the possession of his nephew James W. Dennistoun of Dennistoun | [Frontispiece] |
| | TO FACE PAGE |
| View of Urbino. (Photo Alinari) | [22] |
| The Battle of S. Egidio. After the picture by Paolo Uccello in the National Gallery. Portraits of Carlo Malatesta and his nephew Galeotto "il Beato" | [44] |
| Leonello d'Este. After the picture by Pisanello in the Morelli Gallery, Bergamo. (Photo Alinari) | [54] |
| Nicolò Piccinino. From a bronze medal by Pisanello. By the courtesy of G.F. Hill, Esq. | [70] |
| Vittorino da Feltre. From a medal by Pisanello in the British Museum. By the courtesy of G.F. Hill, Esq. | [70] |
| San Leo and Maiuolo. From a drawing by Agostino Nini | [78] |
| Federigo of Urbino. From the XV. Century relief in the Bargello, Florence. (Photo Alinari) | [86] |
| Francesco Sforza. From the XV. Century relief in the Bargello, Florence. (Photo Alinari) | [98] |
| Federigo, Duke of Urbino, and Battista, his wife. From the picture by Piero della Francesca in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. (Photo Alinari) | [120] |
| Allegory. After the picture by Piero della Francesca in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. (Photo Alinari) | [122] |
| Allegory. After the picture by Piero della Francesca in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. (Photo Alinari) | [124] |
| Sigismondo Malatesta. Detail from the fresco by Piero della Francesca in the Tempio Malatestiano in Rimini. (Photo Alinari) | [132] |
| Urbino. From an original drawing by Agostino Nini of Bologna | [148] |
| The Flagellation. After the picture by Piero della Francesca in the Sacristy of the Duomo, Urbino. Supposed portraits of Duke Federigo and Caterino Zeno. (Photo Alinari) | [152] |
| Fifteenth-century Court of the Palazzo Ducale, Urbino. (Photo Alinari) | [162] |
| Pio II. at Ancona. After the fresco by Pinturicchio in the Cathedral Library, Siena. (Photo Brogi) | [178] |
| Portrait of Leon Battista Alberti. From the relief by Pisanello in the Dreyfus Collection | [194] |
| Pope Sixtus IV. From a miniature prefixed to the dedication copy of Platina's Lives of the Popes in the Vatican Library | [202] |
| Battista Sforza, Duchess of Urbino, second wife of Duke Federigo. From the bust by Francesco Laurana in the Bargello, Florence. (Photo Alinari) | [214] |
| Federigo of Urbino and his Family. Detail from the picture by Justus of Ghent, in the Palazzo Ducale, Urbino. (From the Ducal Collection.) (Photo Alinari) | [216] |
| Lorenzo de' Medici. From the fresco by Ghirlandaio in S. Trinità, Florence. (Photo Alinari) | [238] |
| Giuliano de' Medici. (Photo Alinari) | [240] |
| The Birth of Venus. Supposed portrait of Simonetta Cattaneo—mistress of Giuliano de' Medici. Detail from the picture by Sandro Botticelli in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. (Photo Alinari) | [242] |
| Astorgio III. de' Manfredi. From the picture by Scaletti in the Pinacoteca of Faenza | [258] |
| Federigo di Montefeltro. After the picture by Justus of Ghent, once in the Ducal Collection at Urbino, now in the Palazzo Barberini in Rome. (Photo Anderson) | [266] |
| The Contessa Palma of Urbino. After the portrait by Piero della Francesca in the National Gallery | [280] |
| Guidobaldo I. From a picture in the Colonna Gallery in Rome | [296] |
| Caterina Sforza. After the picture by Marco Palmezzani in the Pinacoteca of Forlì. (Photo Alinari) | [306] |
| Isabella of Aragon. After the drawing by Beltraffio in the Biblioteca Ambrogiana, Milan. (Photo Anderson) | [310] |
| Pope Alexander VI. Detail from a fresco by Pinturicchio in the Borgia apartments of the Vatican, Rome | [320] |
| "Diva Julia." From a bronze medal ca. 1482 by L'Antico in the British Museum. By the courtesy of G.F. Hill, Esq. | [330] |
| Cesare Borgia. From a medal ca. 1500 in the British Museum. By the courtesy of G.F. Hill, Esq. | [330] |
| Julius II as Cardinal. From a medal in the British Museum. By the courtesy of G.F. Hill, Esq. | [330] |
| St. Catherine of Alexandria. Supposed portrait of Lucrezia Borgia by Pinturicchio. Detail from a fresco in the Borgia apartments of the Vatican, Rome. (Photo Anderson) | [344] |
| Bianca, daughter of Ludovico Sforza. After the picture by Ambrogio de' Predis in the Biblioteca Ambrogiana, Milan. (Photo Anderson) | [352] |
| Cesare Borgia as the Emperor. Detail from the fresco of the Disputa of S. Catherine in the Borgia apartments of the Vatican. (Photo Anderson) | [364] |
| A.D. | | | PAGE |
| | | The duchy of Urbino, how composed | [3] |
| | | Its characteristic features, and traditional topography | [4] |
| | | Origin of Italian communities | [4] |
| | | Rise of the Guelph and Ghibelline factions | [5] |
| | | Counts of the empire | [6] |
| | | Republics established in Italy | [7] |
| | | Opinions regarding their spirit | [8] |
| | | The seigneurs attain to sovereignty | [10] |
| | | Practical distinction of Guelph and Ghibelline | [11] |
| | | Early military system | [12] |
| | | Origin and influence of free companies | [14] |
| | | The term Republic misapplied | [15] |
| | | Their principle of liberty examined | [16] |
| | | Political divisions of Romagna and La Marca in the fifteenth century | [18] |
| | | Opposed to modern speculations and the aims of Young Italy | [19] |
| | | Mariotti's admissions regarding freedom | [20] |