| 1476. | Dec. 26. | Assassination of Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza | [234] |
| ” | | His character by Sanzi | [235] |
| 1477. | Jan. | Federigo prepares to march upon Milan, but attacks Montone | [236] |
| 1473. | | Count Girolamo Riario invested with Forlì and Imola | [236] |
| ” | | He is betrothed to Caterina Sforza | [236] |
| ” | | Her education and character | [237] |
| 1477. | | Their marriage | [237] |
| ” | | The friendship of Sixtus for Lorenzo de' Medici soon interrupted | [237] |
| ” | | Revolutions in Florence usually sprang from family feuds | [239] |
| ” | | Origin of the Pazzi conspiracy | [239] |
| 1478. | April 26. | It explodes; Giuliano assassinated | [240] |
| ” | | Italian conspiracies and politics | [241] |
| ” | | The Pope is compromised | [242] |
| ” | | Lorenzo appeals to his fellow citizens | [243] |
| ” | | The parties to a new war in Tuscany | [243] |
| ” | | The Duke's letter to an astrologer | [244] |
| ” | | The campaign narrated by Federigo | [245] |
| ” | | He breaks his leg | [247] |
| ” | Dec. 23. | He goes to the baths of Petriolo | [247] |
| 1479. | May 23. | He leaves Petriolo | [247] |
| ” | | Defection of Roberto Malatesta | [247] |
| ” | | The Florentines successful at Thrasimene, but worsted in the Val d'Elsa | [247] |
| ” | Nov. 12. | Colle surrenders | [248] |
| ” | ” | Its siege painted on a bicherna (note) | [248] |
| ” | | State of the Italian artillery | [248] |
| ” | | Notices of it by Duke Federigo | [249] |
| ” | Nov. 20. | He goes to Siena and receives a donative | [251] |
| ” | ” 27. | A truce for three months | [251] |
| ” | | The unfortunate position of Florence, and disorganisation of its army | [251] |
| ” | Dec. 6. | Lorenzo de' Medici goes to Naples to negotiate a treaty | [252] |
| 1480. | Mar. 25. | Peace proclaimed | [252] |
| ” | Dec. | Humiliation of the Florentines before Sixtus | [253] |
| 1479-1480. | | Intrigues of the Duke of Calabria at Siena | [253] |
| ”” | | Federigo winters at the baths of Viterbo | [253] |
| ”” | | He receives the Sword and Hat | [253] |
| 1480. | May 19. | His letter to the magistrates at Siena | [254] |
| ” | | He returns home | [254] |
| ” | | Count Girolamo takes possession of Forlì | [254] |
| ” | | Description of his Countess | [255] |
| 1474-1479. | | Progress of the Turks in Europe | [256] |
| 1480. | Aug. 11. | They take Otranto by concert with the Venetians | [257] |
| ” | | Consequent panic in Italy, and new combinations of its powers | [257] |
| ” | | Federigo summoned by Ferdinand, but detained by Sixtus | [257] |
| 1481. | May 3. | Death of Sultan Mahomet | [257] |
| ” | Aug. 10. | Otranto recovered from the Turks | [257] |
| 1481. | | Sixtus combines with the Venetians against Ferrara | [258] |
| ” | | Federigo declines their offers, and vainly inculcates peace | [259] |
| 1482. | April 17. | He is engaged to command the League in defence of Ferrara | [259] |
| ” | ” 23. | His departure for the campaign | [260] |
| ” | | Description of the seat of war | [261] |
| ” | May 3. | War declared by Venice | [262] |
| ” | ” 11. | The Venetians besiege Ficheruolo | [262] |
| ” | ” 4. | Federigo's letter to Lorenzo de' Medici | [262] |
| ” | ” | He goes to Milan and Mantua for reinforcements | [264] |
| ” | ” 20. | Returns to La Stellata | [264] |
| ” | June. | Fatal effects of malaria | [264] |
| ” | ” 29. | Ficheruolo taken | [265] |
| ” | July. | Ferrara hard pressed, but obstinately defended by Federigo | [265] |
| ” | ” | His appeal to the Pontiff, who perseveres in his schemes of nepotism | [265] |
| ” | ” | Lawless condition of Rome | [266] |
| ” | ” | Federigo attacked by fever, and relapses | [266] |
| ” | ” | He resigns his command, and retires to Ferrara | [267] |
| ” | Sept. 10. | Prepares for death and expires | [267] |
| ” | ” | Simultaneous death of Roberto Malatesta | [269] |
| ” | ” | Character of Duke Federigo, by Poggio Bracciolino | [270] |
| ” | ” | By Francesco di Giorgio | [270] |
| ” | ” | By Pirro Pirotti and Cyrneo | [271] |
| ” | ” | By Vespasiano | [272] |
| ” | ” | Anecdotes preserved by him | [273] |
| ” | ” | His military commands | [282] |
| ” | ” | His funeral | [283] |
| ” | ” | His body subsequently exposed | [283] |
| 1482. | | Notice of his portrait, by Piero della Francesca, with his Countess | [284] |
| ” | | By Mantegna, with his son | [285] |
| ” | | By an unknown artist | [286] |
| ” | | By Fra Carnevale | [287] |
| ” | | By Justus of Ghent | [288] |
| ” | | By an unknown artist | [288] |
| ” | | His children and their marriages | [289] |
| 1482. | | Retrospect for Duke Federigo's reign | [295] |
| 1472. | Jan. 24. | Birth of his son Guidobaldo, who is confirmed by Cardinal Bessarion | [296] |
| ” | July 6. | Death of Guidobaldo's mother | [296] |
| ” | | His precocious genius and sweet temper | [296] |
| ” | | Attested by his tutor Odasio | [297] |
| 1482. | Sept. 17. | His father's death | [299] |
| ” | | Position of the duchy | [299] |
| ” | Sept. 17. | Investiture of Duke Guidobaldo I. | [300] |
| ” | | He is continued in his father's command | [301] |
| 1483. | Jan. 6. | Sixtus deserts the Venetians, and joins the League | [301] |
| ” | | Guidobaldo in the service of Naples | [303] |
| ” | July 19. | Death of Costanzo Sforza of Pesaro | [303] |
| 1484. | Aug. 13. | Death of Sixtus IV. | [304] |
| ” | ” 29. | And election of Innocent VIII. | [304] |
| ” | ” 11. | Treaty of Bagnuolo | [305] |
| 1485. | | The Pontiff attacks Naples. | [305] |
| ” | | Guidobaldo retained by him | [305] |
| ” | Aug. 11. | Peace restored | [305] |
| 1486. | | Guidobaldo serves under Trivulzio | [306] |
| ” | | The regency of Ottaviano Ubaldini terminates | [306] |
| 1488. | April 14. | The assassination of Count Girolamo Riario, and revolution at Forlì | [307] |
| ” | | Energetic measures of his widow | [307] |
| ” | | The regulations and manners of the court of Urbino | [309] |
| ” | | Duke Guidobaldo betrothed to Elisabetta Gonzaga of Mantua | [311] |
| 1489. | Oct. | Their marriage and disappointment of children | [312] |
| 1490. | | Comparative repose of Italy | [313] |
| 1492. | April 7. | Death of Lorenzo de' Medici | [314] |
| ” | July 25, 29. | And of the Pope | [314] |
| ” | Aug. 11. | Succeeded by Alexander VI. | [314] |
| 1492. | | Condition of the papacy on the accession of Alexander VI. | [315] |
| ” | | His family descent and debauched life | [316] |
| ” | | Circumstances of his election | [317] |
| ” | | His children and their scandalous conduct | [318] |
| ” | | Pedigree of the Borgia | [320] |
| ” | | The aspect of Italy at the close of her golden age | [321] |
| ” | | Described by Guicciardini | [322] |
| ” | | Sketch of the disputed succession of Naples, and its results | [322] |
| ” | | The condition of Milan and Venice | [325] |
| ” | | And of Florence | [326] |
| ” | | Character of Charles VIII. of France, and his views upon Italy | [327] |
| ” | | Negotiations for an Italian League frustrated by Pietro de' Medici | [328] |
| ” | | State of the Roman Campagna and its rival barons | [329] |
| ” | | Their feuds fire the train | [331] |
| ” | | Ludovico il Moro invites Charles into Italy | [331] |
| 1493. | | Military circumstances of Italy | [332] |
| ” | | The condottiere system gradually abandoned | [333] |
| ” | | Condemned by Machiavelli | [334] |
| ” | | A new system introduced | [335] |
| ” | | Lances, stradiotes, and infantry | [335] |
| ” | | The Swiss infantry | [337] |
| ” | | The lansquenets and Spaniards | [338] |
| ” | | Introduction of fire-arms and artillery | [338] |
| 1494. | Jan. | Alfonso II. succeeds to the crown of Naples | [341] |
| ” | | Position of the Italian powers at the invasion of Charles VIII. | [341] |
| ” | | Alfonso's efforts to conciliate the Pontiff and his children | [342] |
| ” | | His son Cesare made Cardinal Valentino | [343] |
| ” | | The Pope employs Guidobaldo against the Orsini | [344] |
| ” | | His first attack of gout | [344] |
| ” | | The marriage of Lucrezia Borgia to Giovanni Sforza of Pesaro | [344] |
| ” | | Its scandalous orgies | [345] |
| ” | June. | Her visit to Urbino | [345] |
| ” | | Double-dealing of Alexander with Alfonso | [345] |
| ” | | The calamities of the French invasion | [346] |
| ” | | Description of Charles VIII. by Guicciardini | [346] |
| ” | | And by Mantegna | [347] |
| ” | | And by Ludovico il Moro | [347] |
| ” | | The campaign opened by Sir Bernard Stuart of Aubigny | [348] |
| ” | Aug. 20. | Charles leaves Vienne and reaches Milan | [348] |
| ” | | Alfonso alone prepares to oppose him | [348] |
| ” | | Sends the Duke of Calabria into Romagna | [348] |
| ” | | He is supported by the Duke of Urbino, but without avail | [348] |
| ” | Nov. 9. | Tuscany welcomes Charles, and expels the Medici | [349] |
| ” | | This revolution graphically described | [350] |
| ” | | Financial expedient proposed at Florence | [351] |
| ” | Dec. 31. | Charles enters Rome | [351] |
| 1495. | Jan. 28. | Leaves it for Naples | [351] |
| ” | ” 23. | Alfonso abdicates the crown, and dies soon after | [351] |
| ” | ” | Succeeded by his son Ferdinand II., who retires to Ischia | [352] |
| ” | ” 22. | Charles takes possession of Naples | [352] |
| ” | Mar. 31. | A new League formed against the French | [352] |
| 1494. | Oct. | Ludovico il Moro becomes Duke of Milan | [353] |
| 1495. | | The demoralisation of the French army | [353] |
| ” | May 20. | It leaves Naples | [353] |
| ” | July 6. | Battle of the Taro, at Fornovo | [354] |
| ” | Oct. | It re-enters France | [354] |
| ” | July. | Ferdinand II. restored at Naples | [354] |
| 1496. | | Whose French garrison surrenders | [355] |
| ” | | Results to Italy of this invasion | [355] |
| 1495. | | The Pisan war, in which Guidobaldo was engaged by the Florentines | [356] |
| ” | | Their conduct leads to fresh discord | [356] |
| ” | | And to an invasion by Maximilian | [357] |
| ” | | Guidobaldo recalled by the Pope to aid in restoring Ferdinand II. | [357] |
| 1496. | Oct. | Who dies soon after | [358] |
| ” | ” | Peace again troubled by Alexander, who attacks the Orsini | [358] |
| ” | ” | Aided by Guidobaldo | [358] |
| ” | | His petty campaign against Bracciano | [359] |
| 1497. | Jan. 23. | Is beaten, and taken prisoner | [360] |
| ” | | The Venetian Signory interfere in his behalf | [361] |
| ” | | A heavy ransom extorted from him with the Pope's connivance | [361] |