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[167] We have already accounted for the change of his surname to Sanzio, at [p. 216]. His Christian name, in modern Italian Raffaello, seems to have been spelt by himself Raphællo and Raffaele. *Raphael was born on Good Friday, 28 March, 1483.
[168] British and Foreign Review, vol. XIII., p. 248.
[169] See [Appendix IV.]
[*170] Giovanni died when Raphael was eleven, in 1494.
[172] See above, [p. 195-6].
[*173] This is not so. The first master of Raphael was Timoteo Viti, who, having left home in 1490 to enter Francia's workshop, returned to Urbino in April, 1495. Timoteo was then twenty-six years old. There is a beautiful portrait of him by himself in the British Museum. The first undoubted work of Raphael, probably painted while he was a pupil of Timoteo, is the Vision of a Knight, in the National Gallery. Having served his apprenticeship to Timoteo, Raphael entered the most famous workshop in Umbria—one of a crowd of pupils—that of Perugino.
[*174] The suggestion that Perugino was an atheist, and died without the Sacraments of the Church, rests on no good foundation.
[*175] The first independent picture which he painted after coming to Perugia was the Crucifixion, now in the possession of Mr. Ludwig Mond. This was painted in 1501 or early in 1502, because the Vitelli for whom it was painted were driven out of Città di Castello in the latter year. I know nothing of any return to Urbino in 1499. He went back in 1504.