[CHAPTER XX]

1503.Aug. 22.Urbino resumes its allegiance[23]
””Guidobaldo returns from Venice[23]
”” 28.And is welcomed enthusiastically[24]
” He joins the other princes in a defensive confederacy[24]
” The fortunes of Valentino rally[25]
” His wavering conduct[25]
” Election of Julius II.[27]
” Fatal to Valentino's prospects[27]
”Nov.Guidobaldo's difficult position[28]
””The Pope's negotiation with Borgia[29]
1504.April.Who escapes to Naples[30]
” But is sent prisoner to Spain[30]
1507.Mar. 10.His death[31]
1503. Guidobaldo's fortunate position[31]
”Nov. 20.Summoned to Rome[32]
””His favour with the Pope[32]
”” 15.The Duchess returns home from Venice[33]
””His interview with Valentino[33]
””Represented in a fresco[33]
1504. He is named Gonfaloniere of the Church[34]
” And invested with the Garter of England[34]
”June 1.Returns home, accompanied by Count Castiglione[34]
”Feb.Strange pastimes there[34]
” His brief campaign[35]
” And happy residence at Urbino[35]
” His installation as generalissimo of the papal forces[36]
”Sep.His nephew, the young Prefect, invested as his heir-apparent[37]
” Claims of Venice upon Romagna[38]
1505. Guidobaldo summoned to visit the Pope[38]
1506.July.Returns home[39]
”Aug. 26.Julius sets out for Romagna[39]
”Sep. 25.His magnificent reception at Urbino[39]
””Tariff of provisions there[40]
” Reaches Bologna[41]
” His statue there, and its fate[42]
1507.Mar. 3.Revisits Urbino on his return to Rome[42]

[CHAPTER XXI]

1507. The cultivated tastes of the princes in Romagna[43]
” The Court of Urbino described by Count Castiglione, in his Cortegiano[44]
” The requisites of a lady of that court[45]
” State of female refinement and morals[46]
” Coarseness of language and wit[47]
” Poetical and social pastimes[49]
” Sketch of the prominent personages there[50]
” Count Baldassare Castiglione[51]
” He goes to England[52]
” His marriage, and conjugal affection[53]
” His portraits[53]
” His death and character[55]
” Giuliano de' Medici[56]
” Cesare Gonzaga[58]
” Ottaviano Fregoso[58]
” Cardinal Federigo Fregoso[59]
” Bembo's letter on his death[61]
” Cardinal Bembo[62]
” His attachment to Lucrezia Borgia[63]
” His promotion under Leo X.[64]
” His lax morals[64]
” Bernardo Dovizii, Cardinal Bibbiena[65]
” His ingratitude and ambition[67]
” His beauty and worldly character[68]
” Bernardo Accolti, l'Unico Aretino[69]
” Count Ludovico Canossa[70]
” Alessandro Trivulzio[71]

[CHAPTER XXII]

1507. The Duke's declining health[72]
” The court enlivened by female society[72]
” Emilia Pio, surnamed Pia[75]
” Her decorum and wit[76]
” Her management of the social resources of the palace[77]
” The origin of Castiglione's Cortegiano[78]
” Guidobaldo a martyr to gout[79]
1506-1508. Extraordinary derangement of the seasons[79]
1508.April.He is carried to Fossombrone[80]
”” 11.His great sufferings and resigned end[80]
””The paganism of his biographers[81]
””Precautions of the Duchess against a revolution[82]
””And of the Pontiff[83]
””His body taken to Urbino[84]
”” 13.The Prefect Francesco Maria proclaimed Duke of Urbino[85]
””His visit to the Duchess[85]
””Funeral of Guidobaldo[85]
”May 2.His obsequies and funeral oration[85]
” His portraits[86]
” His accomplishments and excellent character[86]
” His patronage of Paolo Cortesio[87]
” Enduring influence of his reign[88]
” His widow[89]

[CHAPTER XXIII]

1443-1508. The golden age of Italian letters and arts[93]
”” Rich in scholars but poor in genius[94]
”” Its prosaic tendency[94]
”” The revival of learning[95]
”” Promoted by the multiplicity of independent communities[97]
”” Especially by the petty sovereigns[98]
”” Adulatory tendency of such literature[99]
”” A narrow patriotism generated[100]
”” Taste for classical erudition, philology and grammar[101]
”” The study of Latin induced pedantry and languid conventionality[102]
”” The prosaic scholarism of this period[103]
”” Tending to pagan ideas[103]
”” The rival philosophies of Aristotle and Plato[105]
”” Leading to fierce quarrels[106]
”” Superseding Christian revelation[106]
”” And eventually shaking Catholic unity[107]
”” Influence of the Dukes of Urbino on letters[107]
”” Mediocrity of many authors of local fame[108]

[CHAPTER XXIV]

1412-1441. Letters of Count Guidantonio in favour of various learned men[109]
1444-1482. Duke Federigo's love for literary converse[111]
”” The academies[112]
”” Fulsome dedications[112]
1473. Gentile de' Becci[113]
1480. Ludovico Odasio[114]
Francesco Venturini[114]
Guarniero Berni of Gubbio[115]
1470-1555. Polydoro di Vergilio[115]
”” His preferments in England[115]
”” His English history[117]
Vespasiano Filippi[118]
1478-1529. Count Baldassare Castiglione[119]
”” His Cortegiano[119]
”” Compared with Machiavelli's Principe[120]
”” His letter to Henry VIII. regarding Duke Guidobaldo[121]
”” His poetry[121]
1528. His letter to his children[122]
1470-1547. Cardinal Bembo[123]
”” His pedantry and affected imitation of Cicero[123]
”” His history of Venice[124]
”” His Essay on Duke Guidobaldo[124]
”” His other works[125]
Learned ladies[128]