[CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE]

[CHAPTER XXXIX]

A.D. PAGE
1527. Causes leading to the sack of Rome[3]
” The Pontiff's fatal confidence[4]
” Defenceless state of his capital[5]
”April.His tardy alarm, and inadequate exertions[5]
””Demoralisation of the city[6]
””Warnings of impending woe[6]
”May.Foolhardiness of Renzo da Ceri[8]
””Authorities for the sack[8]
””Panic in the city[8]
””Estimate of the respective forces[9]
”” 5.Arrival of Bourbon's army[10]
”” 6.The assault[10]
””The localities examined and compared[11]
””Death of Bourbon[12]
””Rome lost by a panic[13]
””The Pope and Cardinals gain the castle of S. Angelo[13]
””The imperialists overrun the entire city[14]
””It is ferociously sacked during three days[14]
””The Prince of Orange succeeds Bourbon[15]
””Savage atrocities and sacrilege of the army[15]
””Several cardinals outraged[16]
””Pillage of shops and palaces[17]
””Ransom extorted by the soldiery[18]
””Dilatory proceedings of the confederates[18]
”” 3.The Duke of Urbino leaves Florence[19]
””Unworthy motives imputed to him[19]
”” 17.Abortive attempt to rescue the Pope[20]
”” 20.He advances to Isola di Farnese[21]
””Distracted counsels in his camp[21]
””He resolves upon inaction[22]
””His memorial defending this[22]
””The Pontiff vainly appeals to Lannoy[23]
”June 5.He accepts a humbling capitulation[23]
””Sale of cardinals' hats[24]
””The capitulation rejected[24]
”Aug.Pestilence and famine in Rome[25]
””Death of Lannoy[25]
”Oct.New and more severe terms of capitulation[25]
”Dec. 8.The Pope escapes in disguise to Orvieto[26]
” Castiglione's negotiations at Madrid from 1524 to 1528[26]
”July 25.Conduct of Charles V. on hearing of sack[29]
” The Pope's dissatisfaction and Castiglione's defence[29]
”Nov. 22.The Emperor's hollow professions[31]
””Fatal consequences of the sack[32]

[CHAPTER XL]

”June 1.The confederates retire to Monterosi[34]
”Aug.Mischievous policy of Francesco Maria[34]
”Dec.His interview with the Pope[34]
”July.Distrust of the Venetians[35]
1528. Removed by a visit from the Duke[35]
” His violent proceedings[36]
” He is presented with a palace at Venice[37]
1527.June.New League against Charles V.[37]
”July.A French army enters Italy[37]
” Close of this miserable year[37]
1528.Feb. 16.The imperialists evacuate Rome[38]
””Overtaken by signal vengeance[39]
”” 10.Lautrec enters the Abruzzi[39]
”April 29.And lays siege to Naples[39]
”Aug. 15.His death, and the destruction of his army[39]
”May.The Duke protects the Venetian mainland[40]
” And saves Lodi from the Duke of Brunswick[40]
”Sept. 20.He recovers Pavia[40]
”Oct. 21.But loses Savona[41]
” Demoralising effects of these wars[41]
1529.June 29.Peace restored between the great powers[42]
”Dec.Venice not being included, the Duke keeps the field till December[42]
”Nov. 5.Charles and Clement meet at Bologna[42]
”Dec. 23.Treaty of the Italian powers[42]
1530.Aug. 12.Siege of Florence[43]
””Death of the Prince of Orange there[43]
1529.Nov. 1.The Duke arrives at Bologna with the Duchess[44]
” His reception by some veterans[44]
1530. He declines the imperial baton[45]
” But is in high favour with Charles[45]
” Who restores to him Sora and Arce[45]
”Feb. 22.The coronation of Charles V.[46]
”Mar. 22.He leaves Bologna[46]
”April 6.Clement VII. visits Urbino[46]
” Altered position of Italy by the loss of her nationality and independence[46]
” Opinions of Mariotti[48]
” The Duchess of Urbino builds the palace of Imperiale[49]
” Its attractions and site[49]
” Her portrait and administration[52]
” Prince Guidobaldo[53]
” Marriage of Princess Ippolita[53]
” The Duke's Military Discourses[53]
” His opinions on fortification[54]
” His critique on Venetian policy[55]
” His views regarding sieges[55]
” And Artillery[56]
” His comparative estimate of various nations in the field[57]
” His rules for the construction of an army[57]
1532. His inspections of the Venetian troops[58]
” Ancona annexed to the papal states[59]

[CHAPTER XLI]

1533. Militia organised in Italy[60]
” The Feltrian legion instituted at Urbino[61]
”Jan.Charles V. attends a congress at Bologna[62]
””Where Titian meets him and probably paints the Duke and Duchess of Urbino[62]
”April.Birth of Prince Giulio[63]
””Origin of the Camerino disputes[63]
” Descent of the Varano family[63]
” Giovanni Maria made Duke of Camerino[64]
His daughter Giulia offered to Prince Guidobaldo[65]
” The consent of Clement VII. withheld[65]
” Attempted abduction of Giulia[66]
1534.Sept. 27.Death of Clement, and his character[66]
”Oct. 12.Election of Paul III.[68]
”” ”Marriage of Guidobaldo[68]
” It is disapproved by the Pope[68]
” Vain mediation of Francesco Maria[68]
” Hostilities resorted to[69]
1535. The Duke visits Charles V. at Naples, and makes him presents[69]
” Singular tradition in the Abruzzi[69]
” Death of the last Sforza[70]
1538.Jan. 31.Confederacy against the Turks, with the Duke as captain-general[70]
”Sept. 20.His sudden illness[71]
””He returns to Pesaro[71]
”Oct. 22.His death from poison[71]
””His funeral obsequies and epitaph[72]
””His vicissitudes of fortune[74]
””His fame has suffered from prejudiced historians[74]
””His character and military reputation[76]
””Opinion of Urbano Urbani[77]
””And of Centenelli[79]
” His dutiful conduct to Duchess Elisabetta[79]
” His widow and testamentary dispositions[80]
” His children[80]
” Cardinal Giulio della Rovere[81]

[CHAPTER XLII]

””Diminished interest of our subject[85]
1514.April 2.Birth of Prince Guidobaldo[87]
””Educated by Guido Posthumo Silvestro[87]
1529. His boyish taste for horses[88]
1534.Oct. 12.His marriage and its political results[88]
1538.” 22.His succession to the Dukedom[88]
”” 25.The ceremonial described by an eye-witness[89]
1539.Jan. 8.He compromises the Camerino succession, and loses the Prefecture[92]
” Camerino annexed to the papal states[93]
” The Duke strengthens himself by taking service with the Emperor and Venice[93]
1543. Compliments Charles V., with Pietro Aretino in his suite[94]
1533. Final abolition of the condottiere system[94]
” The Feltrian Legion embodied[94]
1540. The altered condition of Italy[95]
””And new policy of the papacy[95]
””Reaction against the Reformation[96]
Investiture of Guidobaldo as captain-general of Venice[97]
1547.Feb. 17.Death of the Duchess Giulia[98]
1541. Letter of commissions from her[99]
1548.Jan. 30.The Duke's remarriage to Vittoria Farnese[100]
1549.Nov. 10.Death of Paul III.[101]
1550.Feb. 14.And of Duchess Leonora[101]
1549.Feb. 20.Birth of Prince Francesco Maria II.[101]
1550. San Marino under his protection[101]
1551. Guidobaldo made governor of Fano[103]
1552. He quits the Venetian service[103]
1553. The affairs of the Farnesi[104]
1555. The Prefecture restored to the Duke[105]