Where are we then? Merely in a state of knowing that, according to the best authority, there is no adequate evidence for believing the earthworks to be Roman. The problem presented by these earthworks and others is a legitimate subject for conjecture. Dr. Jessopp, in a paper on "The Saxon Burghs of Norfolk," appears to think that Castle Rising, Castleacre, Mileham, Elmham, and Norwich represent a line of Saxon fortresses, some of them occupying sites which were Roman before, erected to resist the Danes in the ninth century. The Roman hypothesis he would probably drop in the light of present knowledge, and, looking at the positions of these places on the map, it is not quite apparent, to say the least of it, why they should have been chosen for points of resistance to invaders from the sea. Were they, then, pre-Roman? That is possible; and it is quite consistent with the absence of Roman remains, for until the Saxon shore became a reality, the Romans had no occasion to fight in East Anglia after they had wiped the Iceni off the face of the earth, and so they had no need for fortresses in it. Or is it just conceivable that here, as has been suggested in the case of Castle Rising, the haughty Norman grandees compelled the subjugated country-folk, by scourge and every brutal method, to pile up these huge mounds?
We can never tell for certain unless the spade be set to work in earnest, perhaps not then even; but in the meanwhile, as we make the run of some twenty miles to Lynn, it is amusing, if somewhat unscientific, to speculate, nor is speculation any the less entertaining in that much of the basis upon which previous theories have rested has been proved to be unsound. Let us, then, think of these mysterious works as we roll home to Lynn; and, having reached it, we have also reached the end.
INDEX
Acle, [45], [46]
Agrippina, [190]
Alde River, [225]
Aldeburgh, [36] et seq., [225]
Aram, Eugene, [369] et seq.
Ardleigh, [207]
Armada, the, East Anglia's contribution of ships, [163]
Attleborough, [91]
Avebury, Lord, on changing coastline, [182], [224]
Babes in the Wood, the, [132]
Badow, Richard de, [274]
Barsham, [313]
Bawdsey, [165]
—— Ferry, [168]
Beccles, [41], [314] et seq.
Bigods, the, [311], [312]
Billericay, [275], [277], [278]
Birds seen from car, [80]
Blackpool, [203]
Blakeney, [336]
Blickling, [382], [383]
Blythburgh, [39]
Boadicea, [59] et seq., [191], [192], [231], [232], [264], [268]
Borrow, George, [55], [307] et seq., [393] et seq.
Bottisham Church, [10]
Bowes, Mr. T. G., [363]
Bradfield, [213]
Braintree, [251]
—— as home for London men of business, [252], [253]
Brancaster, [61], [387] et seq., [397]
Brandon, [132]
—— flints, [133]
Breeze, Mary, [368], [369]
Breydon Water, [226], [313]
Broads, the, Mr. Rye on, [316]
—— Fascination of, [321] et seq.
Bungay, [307] et seq.
—— Common, Mr. Rider Haggard upon, [315]
—— derivation, [312]
—— as a Spa, [309]
—— vineyard at, [310]
Bures St. Mary, [232]
Burnham Deepdale, [389]
—— on Crouch, [291]
—— Thorpe, [389]
Bury St. Edmunds, [16] et seq., [21], [261], [299] et seq.
—— —— —— Abbey, [19], [301], [302]
—— —— —— "Angel," the, [21], [299] et seq.
—— —— —— Carlyle at, [301]
—— —— —— Defoe at, [302], [303]
—— —— —— Pickwick at, [302]
Butcher's bill, a motorist's, [182]
Cæsar, Julius, [187]
Caister-by-Yarmouth, [45], [97], [320]
Caistor-by-Norwich, [58]-61
Cambridge, Bull Hotel, [3], [358]
—— King's College Chapel, [6]
—— Magdalene College, [7]
—— St. John's College, [7]
—— Trinity College Library, [6]
—— University Library, [6]
Camps, ancient theories about, [260], [261]
Camden, [286]
Camulodunum, [187] et seq.
Caradoc, [191]
Carlyle, Thomas, [19]
Carr stone, [380], [381], [384]
Castle Acre, [396] et seq.
—— Hedingham, [248]
Castle Rising, [377] et seq.
Cavendish, village, [242], [243]
Chadwell, Defoe at, [280]
Charles I, [197]
Chateaubriand at Bungay, [313]
Chaucer, [125]
Chelmsford, [148]
Chesterfield, Lord, on Newmarket, [13]
Chingford, [143]
Chipping Ongar, [179]
Civil War, the, [367]
Clacton-on-Sea, [182], [183], [201]
Clare College, Cambridge, [274]
Clare, Elizabeth de, [274]
—— Family and village, [243]
Claudius, Emperor, [187] et seq.
Cley-next-Sea, [336]
Coast changes, [164] et seq., [224] et seq.
Cobbold, Mr. Felix, m.p., [151], [152]
Coggeshall, [250], [251]
Coke of Norfolk, [48], [338] et seq.
Cokes, the, [338]
Colchester, [65], [182] et seq.
—— Abbey of St. John, [196]
—— Arms of, [193]
—— "Cups," the, [185]
—— "Red Lion," the, [149], [183]
—— Roman Colony, [190]
—— —— times in, [186] et seq.
—— —— relics at, [192]
—— siege of, [196]
—— Town Hall, [185]
Cole, Old King, [193]
Colman, the original, [112]
Constable, John, [88], [207]-10 et seq., [233], [320]
Constantine, the Great, [193] et seq.
Coot's eggs, a delicacy, [129]
Cornish, late Mr. C. J., [167]
Cotman, J. T., [55]
Cordell, Sir W., [240], [241]
Coursing Club, the first, [394], [395]
Cowper, Thomas, [392], [393]
Crabbe, George, [37] et seq.
Crome, "Old," [55], [211]
Cromer, [324] et seq.
—— The Link's Hotel, [325]
—— society, [327] et seq.
Cromwell, Oliver, [366], [367]
Cromwell, Thomas, [342]
Crowland, [377]
Cubitt, Sir W., [43]
Cudworth, [274]
Cunobelin, King, [187], [230], [231]
Cunobelin's gold mine, [282], [288]
Danbury Hill, [259]
Darkness, driving in, [23], [45], [46], [65]
Dedham, [207], [211], [320]
Defoe at Bury St. Edmunds, [302], [303]
—— —— at Chadwell, [280] et seq.
Dene Holes, [282] et seq.
De Ruyter, [39], [40], [214]
Dersingham, [384], [385]
De Salle, Sir Robert, [50], [51]
De Veres, the, [245] et seq.
Devil's Dyke, the, [12]
Dhuleep Singh, Maharajah, [83]
Dickens, Charles, [16]
Ditchingham, [307] et seq.
Douglas, Isle of Man, [204]
Dovercourt, [213]
Downham, [357]
Driving, stray hints on, [293]
Dukes of Norfolk, their grandeur in the past, [109] et seq.
Dunmow custom, [172] et seq.
Dunmow, Great, [172] et seq.
—— Little, [172]
Dunthune, John, [211]
Dunwich, [159] et seq.
Dutt, Mr. W. A., [24]
Dyke, a mysterious, [297]
Earlham, [120] et seq.
East Anglia, definition, [xviii]
—— Bergholt, [210], [213]
—— Dereham, [392] et seq.
Eastern Counties Association, [19]
Erming Street, [77]
Edmund, St., [16], et seq., [385]
Edward the Elder, [261]
—— II, [380]
—— III, [366], [380]
Elections, motor-cars at, [2]
Elephants, Roman, at Colchester, [190]
Elizabeth, Queen, [54], [108]
Elmham, [391], [392]
Elvedon Hall, [83]
Ely Cathedral, [134] et seq.
Epping, [148], [179]
—— Forest, [143] et seq., [176]
Erasmus, [341], [342], [344]
Essex byways, [269], [270]
—— military manœuvres, [182] et seq.
—— roads, effect of heavy motor traffic on, [277]
—— —— Arthur Young upon, [276]
—— scenery, [68], [69]
Euston Park, [89] et seq.
Exits, importance of, [8]
Fakenham, [349], [390]
Fairfax, [150], [196]
Fairlop Oak, the, [146]
Falstaff, [209]
Falstolf, Sir John, [97], [320]
Farmer's Year, A, [308]
Felix the Burgundian, [162], [151]
Felixstowe, [151] et seq.
Fenn, Sir John, [54], [55]
Fens, fascination of, [350] et seq.
—— reclamation of, [350] et seq.
Fir hedges, [82], [130]
Fitzgerald, Edward, [36], [41], [44]
Flixton Park, [307]
Fordham, [134]
Forest law, [177]
Forest of Waltham, [176]
Freemasons watched, [113]
French, General Sir John, [182], [200]
Froude, J. A., [145], [342]
Fry, Elizabeth, [122], [327]
Game preservation, influence on landscape, [15], [81]
Galleywood Common, [259]
Garden of Suffolk, the, [159]
Gainsborough, Thomas, [211], [233] et seq.
—— Horace Walpole on, [236]
—— on Suffolk scenery, [235]
—— Reynolds on, [236]
Gog Magog Hills, [79], [137]
Grays, [273], [282]
Great Baddow, [274]
—— Bentley, [228]
—— Holland, [204]
Grit in petrol, [324] et seq., [332]
Gulls, Black-headed, [128] et seq.
Gunton, [383]
Gurneys of Earlham, the, [55], [120] et seq., [326] et seq.
Hainault Forest, [176], [177]
Hairy Man's Wood. See Hangman's
Hangman's Wood, [280] et seq., [287]
Hare, late Mr. Augustus, [120], [256], [257], [326]
Harleston, [305], [306]
Harlow, [179]
Harrod, Mr., [397]
Harwich, [182], [213] et seq.
—— Yacht Club memories, [214] et seq.
Hatfield Broad Oak, [178]
—— Forest, [176]
—— Heath, [179]
Haverfield, Mr. F. J. (on Roman Britain), [3], [15], [54], [58], [85], [320], [364], [378], [387], [397], [398]
Haydon Ditch, [297]
Helena, Empress, [193] et seq.
Henry VIII, [342], [343]
Herons, [166]
Heybridge, [262]
High Ongar, [179]
Hingham, Norfolk and Massachusetts, [127], [128]
Hitchin, [296]
Holkham Hall, [338] et seq.
Hollesley, [225]
Hoodie crows, [80], [81]
Hopkins, Matthew, witchfinder, [209], [210]
Horndon and Hill, [270]
Horses and cars, [171], [172]
Hotels, English, [3], [361]
Houghton Hall, [344] et seq.
Hunstantons, the, [385] et seq.
Iceni, [12], [59] et seq., [191], [267], [398]
Icenhilde Way. See Icknield
Icknield Way, [14] et seq., [77]
Ingatestone, [255] et seq.
—— Tornado at, [257] et seq.
Ipswich, [23], [30] et seq., [150], [169]
—— "Crown and Anchor," [29], [170]
—— Gloves at, [29]
—— "Great White Horse," [25]-8, [65]
Ipswich Oysters, [29]
Ireton, [150], [197]
Isabella of France, [380]
Iveagh, Lord, [83]
James I, [78]
Jermy, Mr. Isaac, [95] et seq.
Jersey cattle, [155]
Jessopp, Dr., [13], [49], [307]
Johnson, Dr., [214]
Kett's rebellion, [54], [91]-93
Kimberley Hall, [126], [127]
Kingsley, C., on the Fens, [352] et seq.
King's Lynn, [350], [360] et seq., [379]
—— —— "The Globe," [350], [360]
Lanchester car, [183]
Landguard Point, [224], [227]
Langdon Hill, [279]
Latimer, [274]
Leland, [16], [163], [71]
Leland's Itinerary described, [71] et seq.
Le Soken, meaning of, [205]
Le Strange, Sir Hamon, [367]
—— —— family, the, [385]
Lexden, [229] et seq., [265]
Lisle, Sir George, [150]
Little Maplestead, [249]
Long Melford, [236] et seq.
—— —— Church, [237] et seq.
Long Stratton, [62], [63]
—— —— "White Hart," [63]
Lowestoft, [42], [43], [313]
Lucas family at Colchester, [196]
Lucas, Sir Charles, [150], [197]
"Maid's Head," the, Norwich, [105] et seq., [323]
Maldon, [261], [262]
Mannerless motorists, [90]
Manningtree, [207]-209
Margaretting, [259]
Martineau, Miss, [55]
Martins of Long Melford, [241], [242]
Mechanics, ways of, [34], [35]
Mechi, Mr., [263], [264]
Melford Hall, [237]
Merivale, Dean, [188] et seq., [265], [266]
Messing, [264] et seq., [269]
Middleton hub, [253]
Mildenhall, [133]
Mistley, [213]
Montalt, Robert de, [379]
Moonlight driving, [324]
Morning mists, [273]
Motor-boats criticized, [323]
Motor-car sufficient in itself, [156]
Motor-cars as mental tonic, [33]
—— in Norfolk, [348], [349]
Motor-cycles, a peril of, [358]
Murray's Guide, [70] et seq., [88], [128], [190]
Napier car, [204]
Nelson, [313], [357], [389], [390]
—— prayer for thanksgiving, [52]
Norfolk Chronicle, [4]
Norfolk dialect, [124]
Norfolk, Duke of, [97]
—— Dukes of. See Dukes of Norfolk
North Weir Point, [225]
Nero, [190]
Nevinson, Mr. H. W., [212]
Newton, Sir Isaac, [41]
Newbury, [12]
Newmarket, [11]-13, [81]
Norwich, [43], [106] et seq.
—— "A Port," [43]
—— Butter Hills, [50]
—— Castle, [49]
—— Cathedral, [49], [119]
—— —— by moonlight, [113]
—— Cattle Market, [116]
—— General Market, [118]
—— Guildhall, [49], [119]
—— in history, [54]
—— "Maid's Head," [49], [52], [63]
—— Many churches of, [51]
—— Objects of interest in, [51]
—— Royal Hotel, [46]-48
—— St. Peter's Permountergate, [52]
—— School of Painting, [55]
—— Tombland, [53]
—— Walls, [49], [115]
Ongar, [148]
Ore River, [225]
Orford Haven, [225]
Orford, third Lord, [347], [394]
Ossory, Lord, [41]
Oulton Broad, [316], [322]
Oxford, Earl of, [246]
Oysters, [29], [170], [184], [197]
Paine, Thomas, [89]
Panhard car, [7], [8], [34]
Paston Letters, [54], [55], [71] et seq., [97], [320], [321]
Pastons, the, [112]
Peddars Way, the, [61], [387], [398]
Pepys, Samuel, [7], [143]
Peterborough Cathedral, [374] et seq.
Peto, Sir S., [43], [44]
Petre, Lord, [256]
—— Sir W., [256]
Pickwick at Bury, [21], [300]
—— at Ipswich, [26] et seq.
Plautius, Aulus, [187] et seq.
Pope, A., on Houghton, [345]
Prasutagus, [191]
Quarterly Review on Colchester, [190], [192] et seq.
—— —— on Lexden, [230], [231]
Quilter, Sir Cuthbert, [168]
Rabbit warrens, famous, [83]
Rainham Hall, [391]
Rider Haggard, Mr., [307] et seq.
Ripley, architect, [344], [345]
Robinson, P., [200]
Robsart, Amy, [94]
Rolls-Royce car, [74], [294]
Romans in Britain, [59]
Roman river, the, [230]
—— roads, [58] et seq.
Round church towers, [62]
Royal motorists, [348]
Royston, [76] et seq.
Runton, [326], [332]
Rush, James, murderer, [95] et seq.
Ruskin, Mr. John, [157]
Rye, Mr. Walter, [54], [63], [85]-7, [92], [316], [349], [364], [382], [383]
St. Osyth, [204]
Salthouse, [335]
Sampson, Abbot, [170]
Sandon, [259]
Sandford, Emily, [99]
Sandringham, [381]-3
Sandringham time, [382], [383]
Sandwich, Lord, [39], [40]
Saxmundham, [36], [158], [159]
Saxon shore, the, [60], [398]
Scole, [63], [305]
Scoulton Mere, [128]
Seaman, Mr. Owen, [274]
Seedfarms of Essex, [207], [208]
Shakespeare, Henry IV, [209],
Henry VI, [20]
Sheffield, Lord, [93]
Sheringham, [335]
Sitomagus, [86]
Six cylinders, merits of, [75]
Six Mile Bottom, [296], [298]
Soham, [134]
Sole Bay, battle of, [39], [40]
Southwold, [39]
Stags, a team of, [347], [348]
Stanfield Hall murders, [95] et seq.
Stepney wheel, [253]
Stour River, [209] et seq., [245]
Stratford, [67]
—— St. Mary, [213]
Street Way, [11]
Strickland, Agnes, [39]
Strongbow, [244]
Suckling, Caroline, [314]
Sudbury, [233], [236]
Suetonius, [265] et seq.
Suffolk, bad roads, [63]
Swaffham, [11], [394]
Tacitus, [265]-268
Takeley, [179]
Telford, Thomas, [43]
Thetford, [84] et seq.
Thorn trees, their age, [147]
Tillotson, [274]
Times, The, [100]
Tiptree, [200], [262] et seq.
Tire troubles, [294] et seq.
"Tom Peartree," [235]
Tostock, [24]
Townshend, Lord, [345]
Townshends, the, [391]
Trees over roads, [278]
Trimley's twin churches, [151]
Trinobantes, [188], [189]
Trollope on Cathedral Society, [114]
Turner, J. M. W., [280]
Turner, Sir John, [370]
—— Sir Ll., [94] et seq., [214] et seq.
Tusser, Thomas, [209]
Twthill, [386]
Tyler, Wat, [50], [243]
Villages, character in East Anglia, [306], [307]
Vineyards, English, [31]
Walpole, Horace, [90], [346], [348]
—— Sir Robert, [344] et seq.
Walsingham Priory, [340] et seq.
Walton-on-the-Naze, [204]
Warwick, Lord, [93]
Watton, [132]
Weather Heath, [81]
Weeley, [227]
Wellington, Duke of, [48]
Wells-next-Sea, [336], [337]
West Manningfield, [259]
Weyland Wood, [132]
White steam car, [138] et seq.
Wild Boy, Peter the, [281] et seq.
Wilson, Miss, [307]
Windhams, the, [329]
Windmills, [88]
Witham, [149], [255]
Wivenhoe, [199]
Wodehouses, the, [48], [126], [127]
Wolferton, [380]
Woodbridge, [36]
Woolpit, legend of, [24]
Worby Beaumont, Mr., [141]
Worsted, origin of, [54]
Wortham, [303], [304]
Wymondham, [91] et seq.
Wynne, General, [183], [200], [251]
Xenophon, physician, [190]
Yarmouth, [43], [44], [226], [319], [320]
Yaxley, [63]
Young, Arthur, [15], [71], [275], [276], [279]