Rude Stone Monuments in All Countries: Their Age and Uses - James Fergusson

Abbeville, museum at, [16].
Abbot Millitus, Pope Gregory's letter to, [21].
Abd en Nar and Abd en Nour, [404].
Aberdeenshire circles, [202] et seq.
Aberlemmo, stone at, with cross, [268];
date, [270];
memorial of what, [270].
Abraham, stone set up by, [438].
Ac, import of termination, [329], [330];
its prevalence in West of France, [329];
its coincidence with dolmens, [329];
its occurrence in West of England, [330];
names of cities with this termination in France, [328], [376].
Achemlock circle, [530].
Addington, groups at, [118];
circles at, [119].
SeeAylesford.
Adil, Swedish king, defeats Snio, [279].
Africa. SeeAlgeria, Tripoli. Its monuments may furnish key to
solution of mysterious questions, [414].
African prince mentioned by Asoka, [498].
Age between exodus of Romans and Alfred, darkness of, [113-4];
stones more eloquent than books then, [114].
Agra, tomb of Akbar at, [496].
Agricola, [20].
Ahmedabad, city of, [457].
Aix la Chapelle, decree of, [25].
Ajunta, importance of Vihara at, [501].
Akbar, sovereign of India, [459];
tomb of, [47], [496].
Alajor, Talyot at, [435].
Alaska, Hydahs in, [18].
Aleutian Islands, route of peoplers of America, [516].
Alexander mentioned in edict of Indian prince, [498].
Alfred, [23-4];
his victory at Ashdown, [123];
how commemorated, [123].
Alentejo, dolmen in, [378].
Algeria, no Druids in, [6];
long ignorance as to its numerous dolmens, [395];
researches of Messrs. Rhind, Christy, and M. Féraud, [395];
Bou Moursug, [395];
Setif, [396];
Tiaret, [397];
Tripoli, [397];
their ordinary position, [397];
Bazinas, [397];
Chouchas, [398];
dolmen on steps, [398];
tumuli with lines between, [399];
sepulchral stones, [399];
plan and elevation of African tumulus, [400];
dolmen with two circles, [400], [471];
others on road from Bona to Constantine, four
cairns enclosed in squares, [402];
analogy to examples in Scandinavia, [403];
age of Algerian examples, [403];
of what race, [403];
Djidjeli, tombs near, with circle, [404];
find there, ib.;
their age, ib.;
Sidi Kacem, dolmen near, and inscription, [405];
circle near Bona, [405];
Algerian monuments contemporary with early Christians, [405-6];
their general age, [406];
who erected them, [406] et seq.;
date of, [403];
compared to Aveyron, [407].
Alignment, at Shap, [130];
Carnac, Erdeven, St.-Barbe, [354] et seq.;
two heads, [354];
singular head of column, [355];
Crozon, Kerdouadec, Carmaret, Leuré, Gré de Cojou, [368];
Preissac, [368];
Stonehenge, why made, [110-1];
Sesto Calende, [391].
SeeAvebury, Avenues, Beckhampton, Caithness.
Alkil, Danish chief, [279].
Allées couvertes ou grottes des Fées in France, [340] et seq., [358-9];
at Lochmariaker, [365].
Alleth, battle at, [374].
Alphabetical writing, date of its introduction into Ireland, [189],
[196], [271];
interruption of use for centuries, [272].
Altars, [425].
Altmark, dolmen at, [301].
Alyattes, tomb of, [31].
Ambrius, convent of, [109].
Ambrosius Aurelius said to have erected Stonehenge, and why, [106];
forces a peace upon Saxons, [107].
America, North, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge;
survey of Messrs. Squiers and Davis, [510];
absence of rude-stone monuments, ib.;
earthworks, American peculiarity, [511];
enclosures for defence, extent of, ib.;
inference from, ib.;
sacred enclosures, peculiarity and number of, size and form of
enclosures, ib.;
Newark Works, ib.;
whether residences of chiefs, [513];
conical mounds, mounds of sacrifice, finds, ib.;
Grave Creek mound, Miamisburgh mound, [514];
temple moundscompared to Teocallis of Mexicans, ib.;
difficulty of distinguishing between temple and palace, ib.;
were the mounds not civil? ib.;
animal mounds, gigantic serpent form, doubt
whether animal object of worship, [515];
whether European emigrants account for population of America, [517];
way of communication, [516];
material of tools found in America, [517];
Redmen and mound-builders distinguished, these correspond with the
"Hydahs," [517].
America, Central, and Peru, carved stone monuments, [517-8];
Peruvian compared to those of Pelasgi and Tyrrheni, [518];
no rude-stone monuments observed in South America, ib.;
Tia Huanaco not like so-called Druidical remains, ib.;
circles and squares, [519].
American Indians non-progressive, [18].
Amesbury, Hengist's meeting with British chiefs at, [107].
Amlaff, King, [253].
Amlech, or Hamlet, tomb of, [299].
Amorites, dolmens in country of, and perhaps nowhere else in
Palestine, [442].
Amravati, arts of Bactria at, [456];
sepulchral circles at, [474];
tope and rail, [475], [493];
representations of priests at, [501].
'Ancient and Modern Wiltshire,' [5].
'Ancient English Castles,' Mr. Clark's, [84].
Andalusia, dolmens in, [378].
Anderson, Mr., horned cairns described by, [528].
Angles, seeSaxons.
Anglesea, Druids in, [5];
circles in, [162].
Anhalt dolmen, [301].
Animal mounds in America, [515];
whether of Chinese origin, [517] note.
'Annals of the Four Masters,' [176], [187-8].
Annandale, [129];
circle, seeWoodcastle.
Antequera dolmen, [383].
Antigonus } mentioned in edict of Asoka, [498].
Antiochus }
Antiquity, why caution necessary in assigning, [144];
of rude and polished stone monuments, [508].
Antony, whether founder of Monasticism, [499].
Aquhorties circle, [263].
Aquitania in time of Cæsar, [328];
of Augustus, [328];
language of, unknown, [333];
pressed upon by Celts, [409];
whether they migrated to Africa, [410].
Aquitanians perhaps in Britain, [163], [238];
and perhaps dolmen builders, [328];
but few dolmens between Garonne and Pyrenees, [328].
Arabia, rude-stone monuments in, [444] et seq.
Arabs, their conquest of North Africa, [404];
their feeling as to monasticism, [500].
Arborlowe, vallum and ditch of, [62].
SeeDerbyshire.
Archæological Congress at Copenhagen, [10].
Arches not in use amongst Hindus, but Burmese, [458].
Architecture, meagreness of historical accounts of buildings between
erection of Parthenon and Henry VII.'s Chapel, [114];
Irish, [221] et seq.;
law of progressive development, [222];
when inapplicable, [222-3];
sequence in monuments of Ireland, [237-8];
three styles of three races perhaps simultaneous there, [238];
of monuments at Stennis, [255-6];
differences of style of similar monuments in different countries,
[306];
sequence of style in dolmens, [335];
without drawings no words can describe style, [334];
peculiarity of church architecture in south dolmen region in France,
[332];
Celtic, ib.;
similarity of style no proof of synchronism, [369];
different examples compared, [369];
influences of Roman, [414];
of Indian Art, ib.;
of dolmens or nurhags and giants' towers, which the older, [437];
sequence of style and material in India, [456] et seq.;
wood, stone imitation of wood architecture, [456];
Mahommedan mosque built by Hindus, [457];
arches not used by Hindus, ib.;
ruins of Ahmedabad, [457];
Palitana, ib.;
Burmah, Cambodia, [458];
Hindu not immutable, [459];
Indian unprogressive tribes, ib.;
rude and refined architecture, co-existence of, in India, [482];
early crosses in India, of what date?, [486] et seq.;
appropriation by Romanists of pagan forms, [489];
connexion of Singalee dagobas and sepulchral tumuli, [491];
Tee, what it represented, [490];
wood and then stone forms--rails, [492-3];
styles of Eastern and European dolmens compared, [494];
points of similarity and dissimilarity, [495];
cists outside tumuli, holed slabs, simulated summit cists,
concentric enclosing circles, [496] et seq.;
use of stone imitated by rude nations in Europe, from what nations,
[508];
and in India from what race, ib.;
when introduced in the East in its rude form, and in its polished
form, ib.;
ditto in the West, ib.;
age of introduction of tumuli or barrows unascertained, ib.;
as also of Cave men and stone implements, ib.;
uses sepulchral or cenotaphic, [509];
or for battle-field, or offerings to spirits of the departed, ib.;
connexion with relics of the dead, ib.;
whether dedicated to God, sun or moon, &c., or serpents, ib.;
twofold principle of erection of such structures, ib.;
North America, [511];
civil and sacred, royal and monastic, [514];
animal, gigantic earthen forms, [515].
Ard-na-Raigh, place of execution, [233].
Ardèche, remains of Cave men in, [321].
Arfin, Prince of Norway, [250].
Argyllshire dolmens, [273].
Arles council, [24], [25].
Arnbjörg, wife of Sandulf, [272].
Art, King, where buried, [212].
Arthur, King, his existence doubted by some, [114], [132];
round table, [62];
contemporary history null, [114];
his round table, [128] (seePenrith);
probable history of Arthur, [133];
his defensive war against invaders, [134];
his supposed Scottish career, [134];
ill-founded, [135];
localities of his twelve battles, [135] et seq.;
of his last battle, [86-7];
views of the author, [152];
fables respecting, likened to those about Alexander, [133];
Arthur's pike at Shap, [130];
Arthur's Quoit, [170].
SeeBaden Mound, Bas Lowe, Caerleon, Caledonian Forest, Gain,
Salkeld, Stanton Drew, Woodcastle Lyn.
Arrichinaga dolmen, [388].
Arroyolos dolmen, [377];
described by Borrow, [389].
Aryans a progressive race, [18], [19];
occupation of Greece, [39];
when they crossed Indus, [445];
penetrate into North America, by what route, [516];
Aryan, non-Aryan, equivalents of what, [506].
Aschenrade, singular arrangement of circles, [317].
Ashdown, Sarsen stones at, [121-3];
drawing of, [122];
contrasted with Carnac, ib.;
Druidical, [123];
or monument of battle between Saxons and Danes, ib.
Asia Minor, dolmens not yet found in, [445].
Asoka, King, monument of, [47];
introduction of stone monuments in India, [48], [455];
his rock-engraved edict, [498];
convocation, [501].
Aspatria, [155];
compared to Herrestrup, [304].
SeeCircles.
Asser cited as to battle between Saxons and Danes, [123].
Astarte, seeMelkart.
Asturias, dolmens in, [378].
Atridæ, tombs of, [32];
Atreus, [33].
Aubrey, [3];
his account of Hakpen Hill, [76];
cited, [104].
Augustine, St., cession of temple at Canterbury to, [22-3].
Augustus, tomb of, [40];
no coins of, found in Britain, [144].
Auisle, King, [201].
Aurelius, seeAmbrosius.
Axevalla, singular dolmen at, [312-3];
find there, [312].
Aztecs, buildings of, [515].
Avebury, [1], [3], [6], [7], [61];
age of, [17];
pretended serpent worship, [4];
represented, [62];
vallum, ditch and circle, [62], [63];
Sarsens, [62];
Kennet avenue, [63];
no curved avenues, [64];
double circle or oval, [64];
who interred there, [86];
author's opinion, [86], [89];
holes, [343];
Beckhampton avenue, [64], [98];
Silbury hill, [62];
Waden hill, [62];
object of structure, [65];
theory of Druidical temples, [66];
disputed, [66] et seq.;
Avebury a burying-place, [72];
charter of Athelstan as to, [73];
stone row, [73];
plan of, [81];
sepulchral or battle-field, [116];
attached to circles, [29], [51];
with or without circles or dolmens, [29], [53];
example at St. Helier, Jersey, [51];
chamber there found buried, [54];
at Merivale Bridge, on Dartmoor, ib.;
why erected, ib.;
what they represent, [56].
Avening, holes in chamber at, [357].
Avenue. SeeAlignments, Avebury, Aylesford.
Averni Celts mentioned by Livy, [327].
Aylesford, [110] et seq.
Kit's Cotty House, what, [116];
description of, [110];
why erected, [119];
erroneous view of Mr. Wright as to Belgian burials there, [119];
Tollington, stones at, purpose of, [119];
obelisks or coffin stones, [117];
in memory of what, [119];
circles of Addington abbey, ib.;
Horstead, tumulus at, [120];
explored by Colonel Fisher, ib.;
absence of valuables or other articles in tombs there, accounted
for, ib.;
"Countless stones," [117];
resembles Oroust, [305];
drawing of, [117];
a supposed avenue near, [117-8];
other groups at Addington and near Kit's Cotty House, [118];
Aylesford the stage of a battle between Vortigern and Saxons, [119];
Bede's statement of locality of battle not conclusive, [121].
BABA, images of, buried, [449].
Babylon, age of its palaces, [1].
Bactrian Greeks, influence of, upon Indian architecture, [456], [508].
Badon Hill, Arthur's battle there, [138]. SeeBattles.
Bahmany dynasty in India, [485].
Bähr, Professor, his book of Graves, [318].
Baille clough togal dolmen, [229].
Baker, Mr., his account of Aryan interments, [479].
Balk, Saracenic arches, [457].
Ballina, seeMaols.
Ballo dolmen, [321].
Ballysadare, cairn at, [179].
Balor of the Evil Eye, [187].
Balquhain circle, [263].
Banesdown battle, [87].
Bang, importance of monastery at, [50].
Bangkok, Buddhist monument at, [413].
Barbarism of early Irish, [235].
Barbato, monuments in, [415].
Barbury Castle, siege of, [88].
Bards, [19];
testify to Druids, [6].
Barrows, [11];
of Roman period, [36] (seeBartlow Hills);
British, [65];
Silbury, ib.;
conical, [83];
their number and position, [102];
age of, [104];
Derbyshire, [138];
Yorkshire, ib.;
on Boyne, [200];
in Orkneys at Stennis;
bowl-shaped, [243];
find, [243];
Sandwick, ib.;
conoid barrows, ib.;
find, ib.;
of what race the barrows, [243-4];
seeMaes-Howe;
little barrows by thousands in Orkneys, of what race, [249];
Halfdan's barrow, [250];
Danish Royal barrow, ib.;
Longbarrow at Lethra, [282];
and at West Kennet, [284];
whose grave, [283];
date, [285];
explored by Thurnam, [283];
find there, [285];
inference from, [286-9];
post-Roman, [286];
long barrow at Wiskehärad in Halland, [288];
what it marks, ib.;
long barrows post-Roman, [289];
ship barrows, [291-2];
numerous in East France, [327];
holed chambers in long barrows at Kerlescant and Rodmarton, [357].
Barry's 'Views in Orkneys,' [241].
Bartlow Hills barrow, [36];
elevation, [14], [83].
Bas Lowe, Arthur's table, [137].
Basin, flat-bottomed, mysterious, [216-7].
Bassas, Arthur's battle on, [136].
Bateman, Messrs., diggings by, [138], [140-4];
finds at Benty Grange, [145];
and at Kenslow barrow, ib.;
overlook monuments at Stanton Drew, [146].
Bateman, Mr., explores Arbor Lowe, [357];
his and author's remarks on finds by, [13-4].
Bath, seeBattles.
Battles.--Arthur's, [12], [135] et seq.;
Ashdown, [122];
Aylesford, [119];
Badbury, [87];
Badon Hill, [86];
place of Arthur's last battle disputed, [86-7];
Banbury Hill, date of, [109];
Banesdon, [87];
Bath, [87];
Battlemoss, Yarhouse, [526];
Braavalla, [188], [280-2];
Deorham, [88];
Kongsbacka, [279];
Moytura, South and North, [176] et seq.;
Rollright, [126].
Battlefields marked by megalithic remains, [14].
Battlestones in Scotland, [240], [272];
Kirkliston, [272].
Bauta stones, [60], [272].
Bazinas in North Africa, [397-8].
Beaumont-sur-Oise, find at, [339].
Beckhampton avenue, [64];
position of stone, [98].
Bede, his division of Kent explained, [121].
"Beds" of Diarmid and Graine, [225].
Behring's Straits route of peoplers of America, [516].
Beira dolmens, [378].
Belgæ, absence of dolmens amongst, [302];
their pre-dolmen immigration into Britain, [323-4];
Belgæ or Firbolgs in Ireland, [176].
Belgaum, altars and tables at, [467].
Belgians, erroneous statement of interments at Kit's Cotty House, [119].
Bellovesus, his invasion of Italy, [327].
Benares, style of architecture at, [412].
Benty Grange barrow, [144]. SeeDerbyshire.
Beowulf's poem contains incidents of Saxon burials, [120];
Beowulf's victory over Wurm, ib.;
his interment, ib.;
his helmet, [145];
his verses on Knock na Rea, [185].
Bernard, Commandant, his description of enormous dolmen at Tiaret,
[397].
Bertrand, Alexander, attacks Celtic origin of megalithic monuments,
[254].
Bertrand, M., [6];
his essay upon dolmens, [324];
his theory as to migration of dolmen race, [378-9], [407];
as to builders in North Africa, [403].
Betal or Vetal, worship of, [467].
Bhils, Coles, Gonds and Toda, non-progressive tribes in India, [459];
their tenacity to usages, ib.
Bilithons, [435].
Birck, dolmen enclosed in square, [307].
Birra the hag, [231];
monastery, [231]. note.
Biscay dolmens, [378].
Bits of Bridle, [81], [304]. See Stukeley.
Blaine, Mr. D. R., his notes and sketch of dolmen at Kafr er Wâl, [441].
Blair, Dr., engraves Carnac, [350].
Blenda, Swedish heroine, her victory, [291].
Bluestones, if part of Stonehenge, [97];
whence the stones, [108];
story explained, [108-9]. SeeSarsens.
"Bluetooth," [296].
Boece and Fordun, their fables, [134].
Boinn, wife of Nechtan, [212];
"her small hound" buried with her, ib.
Bollandists' work silent as to Buddhism, [505].
Bona, circle near, [405];
dolmen, [532].
Bonstetten, cited, [308], [379];
map, [324];
according to, no dolmen in Poland, [301].
Borlase cited as to Boscawen circles, [160].
Borrow mentions monument at Arroyolos, [377].
Borther Lowe, find at, [12].
Boscawen, [160]. SeeCircles.
Boucher de Perthes, collection by, [16].
Bouie's survey of New Grange, [204].
Bousquet, dolmen of, [46], [49].
Boyne, monuments on, [200], [290];
burials, [212].
Braavalla Heath battle, [280-2]. SeeBattle-fields.
Brachenbyr dolmen, [46], [49].
Brahmins, their domination in India, [459].
Breas' invasion of Ireland and defeat, [187].
Brest Menhir, [58].
Brigantes join Silures, [381].
British chiefs massacred by Hengist, where, [106].
British isles described by Diodorus, [8];
not more prosperous before Roman invasion than in 5th century,
[114-5];
Spaniards, Silures, settle in, [383].
British Rude-Stone Monuments,
how affected by conquest by and withdrawal of Romans, [394].
Britons, [20], [21], [37];
peace with Saxons, when, [89].
Brittany, monuments in, [6]. SeeCarnac.
Broad-pated race, [306].
Brochs, Scotch, resemble Nurhags, [431] note.
Brodick Bay circles, [262].
Brogar, King of, in Orkneys, [241];
failure of search there, [243];
how to proceed, ib.;
tumuli, [252-3];
compared to Stanton Drew circles, [256].
Bronze age, Stonehenge belongs to, [102];
as also tumuli in South of France, [327].
Brouillet, M., his work on Poitou, [329].
Brown, Mr., his account of Hydahs, [18].
Bruges, capital of Celts, temp. Bellovesi, [327].
Brugh, burial-place of Kings of Tara, [190], [199], [212].
Brugh na Boinne, burials at, [191] et seq.
Brunswick dolmens, [301].
Bryce, Dr., his observations in Arran, [265].
Buckingham, Duke of, directs diggings at Stonehenge, [104].
Buddha, Dagobas or Stupas of, [41].
Buddhagosa, no written books before, [500].
Buddhism, [458];
in India, [458] et seq.;
in the West, [499] et seq.;
in Christianity, [499];
monastic institutions, ib.;
monasticism opposed to Egyptian institutions and Arab or Semitic
feeling, [500];
relation of Essenes to Buddhism, ib.;
monasticism in India apparent from monuments and inscriptions, [501];
three convocations: cells: Viharas, Chaityas, [501];
sculptures: Sanchi: Ascetics: Amravati shaven priests: date of
similar institutions in West, ib.;
peculiarities of, separation of clergy from laity, [501];
canonization, relic worship, [503];
date, silence of the Fathers, eloquence of architecture, [506];
Buddhism Turanian, ib.;
nature of the faith, ib.;
Turanians in Europe in Middle Ages, [507];
what with respect to stone monuments the West borrowed from the
East, [507];
of what Buddhism was the reform, [504].
Buddhist architecture, [40-2].
Buddhist Topes [46];
rails, [48], [492];
Lâts or Stambas, [57];
convocations, [501].
Burials, usages of, in the Steppes, [449].
Burmah, date of temples at, [1];
dagobas, [41].
Burmah and Siam, architecture of wood, [456].
Burn Moor, [159]. SeeCircles.
Burton, Right Hon. W., describes cairn Knock na Rea, [184].
Butte de Cæsar, find there, [339].
Buxton, rude monuments near. SeeDerbyshire.
CABEIRI, images of, [425].
Caboul valley, [452].
Cæsar mentions Druids, but not their temples, [20];
stood, perhaps, at Carnac, ib.;
inference from his and Pliny's silence, [373].
Caerleon, or Chester, Arthur's ninth battle at, [137].
Cairns at Rath Cruachan, [200];
Lough Crew, [213];
Glen Columbkille, [226];
Freyrsö, [292];
Norway, [302];
the distribution of dolmens in Europe, [301-2];
dolmens belong to a sea-faring race, [302];
four cairns enclosed in squares, [402];
compared to Aschenrade, [403];
Jewurgi, [471-2];
probably battle-field, [472];
huge horned cairn Caithness, [528], [530];
of "one Man," find there, [178-9].
Caldwell, Mrs., find in possession of, [210].
Caledonians like Germans, [162];
Caledonian Forest, place of Arthur's battle, [137].
Callernish, age of, [52].
Calliagh Birra's House, [230].
Calvaries in Brittany, [59].
Cambodia, monuments of, not ancient, [1];
style of buildings, [458].
Camden, his remark as to place of interments at Stonehenge, [105];
as to Rollright and Rollo in England, [126];
as to Long Meg, [127];
as to ruins at Shap, [129];
and Penrith, [132].
Camster alignment, [529].
Cangas de Onis, [387].
Cannibalism of early Irish, [235].
Canonization in the East, [503].
Canterbury, Roman Cathedral at, [22].
Canute forbids adoration of stones, [25].
Caons, or Giants' circles, [453].
Cape St. Matthieu, [59].
Carder Lowe, barrow opened at, [1].
Carl Sverkersson slays Danish prince, [291].
Carmaret, alignment at, [367].
Carnac, [1];
Rev. Bathurst Deane's plan of, [6];
Cæsar perhaps saw from it battle with Veneti, [20];
described, [349];
plan, [352].
Carnutes, Druids' chief seat amongst, [5].
Carrowmore, [181];
field of battle, [187], [198], [223].
Carte, Mr., as to field of battle at Baydon hill, [87].
Carthaginians in Spain, [379];
not building or burying race, [394].
Cartheilhac, M., his paper on megalithic monuments, [335].
Cas Tor avenue, [56].
Castern, find at, [13].
Castille, if dolmens in, [378].
Castle Wellan dolmen, [45].
Cat stones, [57], [146]. SeeDerbyshire battle stones.
Catalonia, dolmens in, [378].
Cathair, or round fort, [235];
of Tuatha de Danann, [193];
of Cormac at Tara, [194].
Cathregomion, Cabregonnon, Catbregonnion, or Cathbregion, Arthur's
11th battle there, [138]. SeeStanton Drew.
Catigren, where buried, [144]. SeeKitt's Cotty House.
Cattle spoil of Cooley, [196].
Cave men, [17], [18], [329];
like Red Indians, [17];
or Esquimaux, ib.;
under what circumstances found in France, [16];
and England, [16], [17].
Cave races, gradations of style of monuments among, [335].
Caves, early, in India, [456];
Buddhist, [460].
Ceallach, murder of, [233].
Cedric, Saxon chief, [88-9].
Celtiberians, seeIberians.
Celtic race, priests of, [3], [4];
whether French megalithic monuments belong to, [6];
their influence upon Etruria, [393].
Celts, ready converts to Christianity, [227];
date of the first invasion of Gaul, ib.;
were earlier converts than dolmen builders, [328];
spread themselves through centre of France, ib.;
either Celts or a prehistoric race built the dolmens, [329];
the Cave men, ib.;
who these were, ib.;
dolmens and Cave men perhaps conterminous, ib.;
Cimbri, Celts, and Gauls, [333];
Cimbri and Aquitanians, relation of, ib.;
their capital temp. Bellevesi, [327];
described by Livy, ib.;
Averni, ib.;
if dolmens in Galatia, important bearing upon Celtic theory, [446];
their invasions of other countries, [409].
Cemeteries of Ireland, [199];
Cruachan, or Rathcrogan, ib.;
circular mounds there, ib.;
monument of Dathi, ib.;
Relig na Riogh, [200];
Red stone pillar, ib.;
circle, ib.;
cairns, ib.;
burials, Queen Meave and Dathi, ib.;
compared with Arbor Low and Salkeld, ib.;
Knowth, ib.;
New Grange, [201];
plundered by Danes, ib.;
first mentioned by Mr. Lloyd, ib.;
Sir T. Molyneux's statement, ib.;
Governor Pownall's, [202];
engravings of by Bouie, [203];
if uncovered, resemblance to Salkeld and Stanton Drew, ib.;
sculpture, [204];
reverses of stones elaborately carved, [205];
how such came to be covered, ib.;
entrance, position of, ib.;
ornaments, [206-7];
sculptured mark, [207];
whether characters, ib.;
Dowth, or perhaps Dubhad, plundered by Danes, [208];
diggings, ib.;
find there, [210];
Netterville House, [209];
tomb of the Dagdha, ib.;
perhaps intact, ib.;
find there, [209], [210];
ornaments at Dowth, [211-2];
written evidence respecting these three cemeteries, [212];
and persons buried, ib.;
author's conjecture as to New Grange, [213];
Lough Crew, [213] et seq.;
if cemetery of Talten, [219];
choice of plan of cemetery amongst Irish, [220];
'Book of the Cemeteries' cited, [221];
stone in cairn T, Lough Crew, [222];
stones in sculptured graves, [223];
Clover Hill, ib.;
Shahpoor, [485].
Cetti, stone of, [173].
Ceylon dagobah, [41];
Thupa Ramayana, and Lanka Ramayana, [489], [490].
Chaityas, seeChurch Caves.
Champollion's discoveries, [1].
Chardin cited as to circles at Tabriz and Miana, [453].
Chariot wheels sculptured on dolmens, [304].
Charlemagne condemns stone worship, [25].
Charleton, Dr., [15];
Inigo Jones's theory attacked by, [3].
Chartham Downs, find at, [13].
Chartres Carnutes, [5].
Chester, seeCaerleon.
China, monuments of, not ancient, [1].
Chinese not progressive, [19].
Chisel, early use of, in Ireland, [217].
Chorœa Gigantum, seeGiants' Dance.
Chouchas in North Africa, [398-9];
position of bodies in, ib.
Christian era, rude-stone monuments subsequent to, [27];
according to Danes, iron introduced about commencement of, [9].
Christianity, according to Welsh and Irish writers, their Druids prior
to, [6];
date of introduction into Denmark, [10];
into India, [489];
in what respect influenced by Buddhism, [499] et seq.
Christians in India, seeCrosses.
Christy, Mr., his researches in Algeria, [395-6].
Church caves at first more important than Viharas, [501].
Cimboeth marks date in Irish history, [189];
founds Armagh, ib.
Cimbri, their cognate races, [333].
Cimbrian Chersonese visited by Pytheas, [38].
Circassia, dolmens in, of shaped stone, [447];
importance of, to migration or missionary theory, [447-8].
Circles, [154];
Englewood Wood, or Rosehill tumulus, ib.;
platform, ib.;
bilithons, [155];
find, ib.;
Aspatria, [156];
barrow, ib.;
find, [156-7];
circle of cists in Isle of Man, ib.;
Mule Hill, ib.;
view and plan of, [158];
openings to circle, [159];
Burn Moor, Cumberland, ib.;
find there, ib.;
square enclosure there, [160];
plan, [160];
Boscawen not Temples nor "Things," ib.;
plan of, [161];
at Moytura, [183];
triple, ib.;
sculptured, enclosing crosses, [304], [315];
mysterious concentric circles, with lines traversing them, [304];
the use of circles and Viking graves continuous in Ireland and
England, [317];
singular arrangement at Aschenrade and in Algeria, [317-8];
circles with stone in centre at Bajard, [318];
circular groups in India, [467] (seeBazina, Choucha);
Alexandropol circles, [450];
Nikolajew concentric circles, base of tumulus, [451];
Western circles not imitation of Tartar, [452];
Peshawur, [453];
Deh Ayeh, near Darabgerd, ib.;
circles attributed to Caons or Giants, ib.;
enclosed circles in America, [511-3];
at Caithness (seeScotland);
Amravati, [474].
Circles, great English, peculiar, [153];
and belong probably to Arthurian age, ib.;
post-Roman, [154];
of what race, ib.;
in Wales and Anglesea no circles, [163];
Giant's grave, Drumbo, [228];
circle there object of, [224];
in Scotland, [240];
district of circles par excellencenot on mainland, ib.;
Orkneys, [241];
King of Brogar and Stennis, [241-2];
part of entire group, [254];
date, [256];
Callernish, [259];
circle-building race, [274];
opposite currents of migration, ib.;
Braavalla Heath, [280];
in France, [340];
circle the skeleton of tumulus, [340];
circle at Sesto Calende, [391];
semicircle, ib.;
circles, [397-9];
triple and quadruple, [399];
enclosed in squares, [402];
at Djideli, [404];
Bona, [405];
Malta, [416];
Sinai, [443-4];
Arabia, [444].
Circles surrounding tumuli or dolmens, circles without tumuli or
dolmens, [29], [47], [50];
at Addington, [118-9];
at Rollright, [124];
Dartmoor, ib.;
at Penrith, [126];
concentric, [127] note;
at Marden, [65], [85];
at Shap, [130];
Merivale Bridge, ib.;
at Arbor Low, [139];
Stanton Drew, [150].
Circular temple mentioned by Diodorus among Hyperboreans, [8].
Cissa, King, his tomb where, [283].
Cists, seeKistvaens.
Civil and sacred structures, where indistinguishable, [515].
Clark, Mr. George, his paper on Ancient English Castles, [84].
Clatford Bottom, [44];
Sarsen stones at, [63];
circles at, [161].
Claudian, verses of, as to disasters of Saxons, Picts, and Scots, in
the North, [188].
Claudius Gothicus, coins of, [12], [36], [52];
Claudius, [461].
Clava, [265];
circles and mounds, ib.;
perhaps burial-place of King Brude, [267].
Clemens of Alexandria, his surprise at relic-worship, [504];
as to Buddhism, [505].
Clergy and laity, separation of, in the East, [502].
Closmadeuc, Dr., antiquary, [337].
Clover Hill, [223].
Cnodhba, cave of, identified with Knowth, [201].
Cock sacrificed to Betal, [467].
Cocumella, tomb at, [33].
Cœlus, God, Stonehenge ascribed to, [3].
Cœre, tomb at, [33-4].
Cogolleros, dolmen del Tio, [385].
Coibi, his conversion, [23].
Coilsfield, rubbing on stone at, [211];
stone, [267].
Coins, Roman, of what Emperors generally found, [144];
in Ireland, [166];
inference from, seeFinds.
Cojou, Gré de, alignment at, [367].
Cole, seeBhil.
Cole, Lieutenant, his report as to Kutub pillar, [181].
Collas barrow mentioned in Charter of Athelstan, [73].
Collinson, Colonel, finds columnar buildings in Malta, [425].
Columba, St., [59].
Columbus, America peopled by Europeans prior to, [516].
Columns, seeAlignment.
Come Lowe, find at, [13].
Commerce of early Britons, with what races, [133-4].
Conaing, [201].
Conan, seeMeriadec.
Concentric circles, seeCircles.
Conchobhar McNessa, [197];
husband of Queen Meave, [197], [221];
his conversion, [221];
where buried, ib.
Confolens, dolmen at, [337].
Cong, at Moytura, [177];
place of battle, [198].
Conical form, Roman and Post-Roman, [84].
Conjeveran, city of Kurumbers, [478].
Conn of a Hundred Battles, [193-7], [212], [236].
SeeCormac MacArt.
Conor MacNessa, [193].
Constantine, Saxons defeated by, [109];
his supposed interment at Stonehenge, and when, [109];
coins, [11], [12], [13].
Constantine Junior, coins of, [12].
Constantinople, coins of, [11].
Constans, coins of, [11].
Constantius, coins of, [11].
Conwell, Mr., exploration of Lough Crew, [199], [213], [222].
Copenhagen, congress at, [10];
museum, [16], [325].
Cormack, son of Conn, [190];
where buried, [212].
Cormack MacArt, [193];
convert to Christianity, [196];
orders tracts to be written, ib.;
could he write? ib.
Cornelius, tradition as to, [373].
Cornwall, circles, [162];
circle-building race in, [274].
Corpre, Etan's son, [191].
Costa, S. Pereira da, his account of Portuguese dolmens, [377].
Cotty or Coity House, seeAylesford.
Councils of Arles, Nantes, Rouen, Toledo, Tours, [24];
their decrees as to stoneworship, [23-4].
Countless Stones, seeAylesford.
Court held at standing stones of Rayne by Bishop of Aberdeen, [264].
Cove, Long stone, [4].
Cremation amongst Saxons, [120].
Crew, Lough, [199].
Crichie, find at, [75].
Crimthann, when he lived, [190], [221];
where buried, [192];
seat of his dynasty, [194].
Croker, Mr., his survey of Stanton Drew, [150].
Crom, meaning of word, [44] note.
Cromlech, near Merivale, [55];
among M[a]la Aryans, [479].
SeeDolmen.
Cross Flats, [11].
Crosses, [270], [272];
Irish, how distinguished from Scottish, [270];
Isle of Man, with Runic inscriptions, [273];
crosses in circles, [304];
"Swastica"-like cross, [367];
in India, and their date, [486] et seq.
Crozon, alignment at, [367];
what battle there, [375].
Cruachan, ancient burial-place of Kings of Tara, find, [190-9].
Crubelz, [359].
Crusades, rude-stone monuments in time of, [406].
Cuchullin, [193-7].
Cumberland, no mention of Druids in, [5];
rude monuments, [127], [128];
circles in, probably of same age, [147];
circle-building race in, [274].
Cumbhail (Fingal), [197].
Cumot, or Commensurate grave of Cairbre Lifeachaire, [213].
Cumrew, Salkeld and Mayborough, circles at, similar, [147].
Cuneus, Cape, unvisited by Portuguese writers, [378].
Cunningham, Lord Albert, finds by, at Dowth, [210].
Cunnington, Mr., his opinion as to Marden, [86];
excavation by, at Stonehenge, [105-6];
finds in long barrows, [289].
Curtius cited as to Nasomenes, [407].
Cuthbert, [22].
Cuttack, sacred groves at, [465].
Cyvragnon, pile of, mentioned in Welsh Triads, what, [173].
DABILLA, the hound, interment of, [212].
Daghda, the general, [187];
and king, ib.;
where buried, [191];
when, [190];
real name Eochy, [192];
cairn of, ib.;
residence, [195];
his spit, ib.;
family, [197], [212];
his tomb where, according to author, [213];
written evidence as to, [212].
Dagoba, Buddhist, [41], [79], [490] et seq.;
relic, cists, Tee, rail, [490-1];
compared to dolmen at Pullicondah, [491].
Dananns, Tuatha de, [177] et seq.;
arrival in Ireland, [193];
when, ib.;
burial of, [212].
SeeIreland, Moytura.
Danes, cemeteries plundered by, [209].
Danish antiquaries, their opinion as to epoch of introduction of
bronze and iron into Denmark, [9], [37];
their system respecting, [9], [10], [28];
too hastily adopted in France and England, [10], [388];
their mistaken proceedings, [10-14], [16], [146], [257], [275];
International Congress of Prehistoric Archæology, [276];
merits of Sjöborg, [276].
Danish isles, dolmens in, [301].
Danish settlers in Greenland, [18];
in Britain and Scotland before Roman invasion, [133-4];
commerce, &c., [133].
Daoulas, menhir and cross at, [59].
Darabgerd, circle near, [453].
Dariorigum, standing stones of, [20].
Dartmoor parallel stones at Merivale Bridge, [54];
circles and cromlechs, [55];
avenues at Cas Tor, [56];
circles compared with those at Rollright, [124].
Dasyus the despised, [493].
Date, priority of, in dolmens external or covered, [144].
Dates, found and corrected by architects, [113];
comparative antiquity of certain classes of monuments, [261];
rude-stone sometimes more modern, [407].
Dathi, monument of, [199].
Daviot circle, [263].
Dead, images of, [449].
Deane, Rev. Bathurst, adopts Stukeley's views, [6], [151];
visits Carnac, [351].
Decrees of Councils respecting veneration of stone monuments, [24], [25].
Dedalean buildings in Sardinia, why so called, [429].
Deer Park, Sligo, monument in, [234-5].
Defence, seeMounds.
Deh Ayeh, circle at, [453].
Delhi, iron pillar near, [35];
mosque of Kutb u deem, [457].
Demi-dolmens, [345].
Demons, seeSt. Patrick.
Denmark, megalithic remains in, [9];
museums, ib.;
bronze and iron, date of their introduction into, ib.;
tombs of kings described by Olaus Magnus, [15];
ignorance of Romans respecting, [38];
tumuli in, [39];
circles in, [47];
Bauta or battle-stones, [60].
Dennis' 'Etruria' cited, [391].
Derbyshire dolmens, date of, [36];
rude-stone monuments in, [138].
Derbyshire Rude-Stone Monuments, [138];
Arbor Low, [139];
description of, [139];
similarity to Arthur's Round Table, [139];
plan of, [140];
circle, [140];
dolmen, ib.;
tumulus, ib.;
excavations and find there, [140-1];
Gib Hill tumulus, [141];
excavation and find, [141-2];
Minning Low, [142];
plans of, [142-3];
find there, [143];
similarity to New Grange, ib.;
and Kit's Cotty House, [144];
first Roman, ib.;
Benty Grange barrow, ib.;
find there, [144-5];
Kentlow barrow, [45-6];
Stanton Moor, [146];
monuments of earth and stone, ib.;
Nine Ladies, ib.;
King Stone, ib.;
other groups near Arbor Low, ib.;
cat stones, ib.;
Derbyshire monuments not temples nor tombs of inhabitants, [147];
monuments of what race? ib.;
similar in purpose and age to those in Cumberland, ib.;
find in former, [148];
Stanton Drew, ib.
Devil's Quoits, [64].
Devonshire, circles in, [161].
Diarmid and Graine, seeBeds.
Dinnsenchus, [233].
Diodorus, cited as to circular temple, [8];
text explained, ib.;
as to barbarism of Irish, [235];
Phœnicians in Malta in his time, [425];
Dedalean buildings, [429].
Divitiacus, [323].
Djideli, tombs near, [404];
whose, ib.;
find there, ib.
Dodwell, tombs of Atridæ discovered by, [33];
that of Minyas explored, ib.
Dolicocephalic race, [35].
Dolmens, [29];
free-standing, [29];
on outside of tumuli, [29];
progress of tomb-building, [40-43];
kistvaens, [43];
chambers, ib.;
with gallery, ib.;
dolmens covered, [44];
uncovered, ib.;
opinion that all once covered with tumuli refuted, ib.;
dolmen at Wellan, [45];
de Bousquet, [46];
excavation suggested of dolmen-crowned tumuli, ib.;
at Kit's Cotty House, [116];
at Rollright, [124];
in Cumberland (seePenrith);
at Arbor Low, [140];
France native country of, [161];
few in England, ib.;
and most of English in Cornwall, [162];
in Wales more numerous, ib.;
and Anglesea, ib.;
and Isle of Man, ib.;
by whom erected, ib.;
where, [163];
all not originally buried, [163], [169];
some always intended to be covered, [164], [168];
dolmen in Park Cwn tumulus, [164];
find there, [165];
Uley, ib.;
find there, ib.;
judicious conclusions of Dr. Thurnam from, ib.;
Plas Newydd, [166-9];
stone avenue leading to, [167];
holes in slab, [168];
Pentre Ifan, ib.;
Arthur's Quoit, [170];
whether originally in tumulus, [171-2];
alleged avenue, [172];
group of cairns there, [171];
purpose, [172];
not a cemetery, ib.;
but battle-field? ib.;
Arthur's 8th battle there? [173];
the stone of "Cetti," ib.;
Hob Hurst's House, [172-3];
dates of dolmens, [173];
at Moytura, [183];
in Ireland, how situated, [224];
not on battle-fields, ib.;
perhaps most on east coast, ib.;
beds of Diarmid, [225];
elopement of, with Graine, ib.;
legend as to dolmens, ib.;
legitimate inference from legend, ib.;
Glen Columbkill and Glen Malin More, ib.;
cairns there, [226];
age of, ib.;
tradition as to St. Columba, [227];
of what race the group, [227-8];
Spaniards or Iberians in Ireland, [228];
giant's grave, [228];
circle there, [229];
object of, ib.;
Town of the Stone of the Strangers, ib.;
dolmen at Knockeen, ib.;
Knockeen, plans of, [230];
Calliagh Vera or Birra, ib.;
Greenmount tumulus, [231];
the "four Maols," Ballina, [232];
dolmens in Ireland do not mark battle-fields, [228];
dolmens in Scotland, [240];
many dolmens erected by kings, &c., as their burial-places, and
covered after their interment, [260] et seq.;
comparative antiquity of Callernish and New Grange, [261];
dolmens in North Germany, [300];
silence of German archæology, ib.;
no dolmens in Poland, [301];
Prussia, ib.:
Silesia, ib.;
Prussian Silesia, Pomerania, Rügen, ib.;
Mecklenburg, Hanover, Oldenburg, ib.;
Wildesheim and Engelmanns Becke, ib.;
Helmstädt, ib.;
Holland, ib.;
Saxony, Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, ib.;
Holstein Schleswig, Jutland, Danish isles, ib.;
Sweden, ib.;
none in Norway, [302];
Herrestrup, [303];
dolmen with representations of ships, and circles with crosses,
[304];
analogous to dolmen at Aspatria, ib.;
Halskov, [305];
Oroust, [306];
dolmens in the different countries have distinguishing features,
ib.;
oblong enclosures, [307];
diagram from Sjöborg, ib.;
Roeskilde and Birck dolmens with oblong enclosures, ib.;
Lüneburg, [308];
Hanover, ib.;
Valdbygaards, near Soröe, double dolmen, [308-9];
triple dolmens, Höbisch, [309];
sentinel stones, [310];
buried dolmens, ib.;
Uby, [311];
Smidstrup, ib.;
Axevalla, and find there, [312-3];
dolmens, elliptical and oblong, [313];
age of, ib.;
find, [314];
inscription at Axevalla, ib.;
head-stone with drawings on it, of Kivik Grave, ib.;
its resemblance to one at Locmariaker, ib.;
dolmen at Exlo, [320];
peculiarity of Drenthe dolmens, ib.;
Ballo, [321];
distribution of dolmens map, [324];
pre-dolmen immigration of Belgæ into Britain, [323];
Luxemburg, ib.;
Belgians and pure Celts not dolmen builders, [326];
sequences of dolmens, [335];
Sauclières, ib.;
St. Germain-sur-Vienne or Confolens, [336];
date of, ib.;
demi-dolmens, [345];
others in Ireland and Wales, ib.;
Poitiers and Kerland, [346];
rocking stones, Pierre Martine, [347];
whether accidental, [347-9];
Pierre branlante de Huelgoat, [348];
double dolmen at Plouharnel, and find, [358];
dolmens, &c., if built with small stones, more modern, [359];
Mané Lud, dolmen with sculptured stones, similar to Irish, [360-3];
Dol ar Marchant, sculpture decorations, [361-2];
Bertrand's list of dolmens in France, [376];
termination of names in ac, ib.;
dolmens in Spain, Portugal, [377] et seq.;
dolmen race, migration of, [378-9];
Spain, Antequera, [383];
its stone town once wholly buried, circle, [384];
contrasted with Stonehenge, ib.;
Tio Cogolleros, [385];
Sepultura Grande, [386];
compared to what, ib.;
dolmen near Dilar, ib.;
Eguilar, Cangas de Onis, [387];
dolmen of San Miguel, Arrichinaga, [388];
Portugal, Arroyolos, [389];
Cangas de Onis, Arrichinaga, [390];
why not so numerous in Italy, [392];
influence of conquest and withdrawal of Romans upon, [394];
distribution in Algeria, [396];
principal dolmen region, ib.;
Tiaret, enormous dolmen there, [397];
Tripoli, ib.;
Morocco, ib.;
but not near populous centres, ib.;
inference thence as to nomadic origin, [397];
dolmen on steps, [398];
on a circled tumulus, [400];
with two circles of stones, [401];
resemblance to Kit's Cotty House, ib.;
dolmens on road from Bona to Constantine, [402];
no dolmens in Phœnicia nor in their colonies, [409];
Nurhags and giants' towers earlier than dolmens, [437];
in Palestine, [441];
in Gilead, whether of the giant tribe, [443];
long interval from the first Indian dolmen at Peshawur, ib.;
query as to dolmens in Asia Minor, [445];
holed dolmen in Circassia, [447];
migration theory of dolmens, [448];
missionary theory, ib.;
important bearing of searches in the Steppes upon theories, [448];
Tartar tumuli not models of Western dolmens, [452];
space unexplored for dolmens in East, [454];
Rajunkoloor, [468], [470];
dolmens with holes, find, [468];
double circles round dolmens at Yemmee Gooda, [470];
arrangement of dolmens at Rajunkoloor, [470];
Nilgiri hills: Courg double dolmens with circular openings, [473];
tomb, ib.;
sepulchral circles at Amravati, [474];
rail there, [475];
geographical distribution, [475] et seq.;
of what race, [476] et seq.;
age of, [479] et seq.;
finds in Indian dolmens, [480];
Nilgiri sculptured dolmen, [483];
singular position of one at Iwallee, [484];
stone monuments at Shahpoor, [485];
Katapur, [487];
find, ib.;
dolmen with cross in Nirmul jungle, [489];
illustration of Romish policy, ib.;
dolmen at Pullicondah compared with Cingalese Dagoba, [491];
Eastern and European dolmen compared, [494] et seq.;
whether connexion between them to be inferred from similarity, [495];
or from literature, or from rock-engraved edict of Asoka, [496].
SeeGlen Columbkille;
dolmen near Bona, Algeria, [532].
Dordogne, monuments in, insufficient knowledge of, [335].
Doric supersedes Pelasgic style, [393];
earliest Doric temple, interval between and last Pelasgic tomb, [393].
Dowe Lowe, "find" in, [13].
Down, English tumuli on, [48].
Dowth Hill, [192], [200];
the Dagdha's Rath at, [195];
his son born there, ib.
Dracontia, [515]. SeeSerpent, Stukeley.
Dragon in Maes-Howe, [245].
Drenthe, dolmens in, [301], [320];
Hunebeds at, their extent, [319];
compared by Keysler to Stonehenge, [319];
described by Dr. Janssen, [319];
Hunebeds, grottes des fées, [341].
Dresden, dolmens destroyed near, [301].
Drew, Stanton, circles at, [7], [161].
Drosten, name inscribed on stone, [273].
Druids, human sacrifices by, at Stonehenge, no longer believed, [1];
Dr. Stukeley's fancy respecting their temples, [3];
Cæsar's account of them, [4], [5];
serpent worship supposed, [4];
by Stukeley and Sir R. C. Hoare, [5];
Druids in Mona met by Suetonius, ib.;
none ever seen in regions of principal rude monuments, [6];
nor in Algeria nor India, ib.;
in Wales, according to Welsh writers, before Christianity
introduced, ib.;
controversy in France respecting so-called Druidical monuments,
ib.;
difficulty of connecting them with Druids, ib.;
Stukeley's idea adopted by Deane, ib.;
Stonehenge pretended to be their observatory, [7];
remarks of author, [7], [20], [61];
gods worshipped by Druids, according to Cæsar, [66];
Druidical institutions in India, [465];
Druids and serpents, freedom of Sjöborg from errors as to, [274].
Dryden, Sir Henry, explores Carnac, [350];
near Emmen, [320];
and Caithness, [530];
letter from, to author, ib.;
cited, [362];
his drawings of Gavr Innis, [365];
describes Gré de Cojou, [368].
Duald Mac Firbis, antiquary, [199].
Dubois, cited, [449].
Duglas or Dubglas River, Arthur's battle on, [136];
meaning of word, ib.
Dunadeer Circle, [263].
Du Noyer, M., cited, [345];
drawings, [225].
Dutthagamini, seeEllala.
EADWARD, contemporary of Rollo, [126].
East, seePalestine.
Easter Island, images in, [53].
Eguilar dolmen, [387].
Egypt, iron when introduced into, [37].
Egyptians, tomb building race, [31];
pyramids contained true and false tombs, [46];
their feelings as to monasticism, [500];
royal monasteries and residences indistinguishable, [514].
Eithlenn, daughter of Balor, [187].
Ellala, his defeat by King Dutthagamani commemorated by Dagoba, [80].
Elliot, Sir Walter, cited on Indian interments, [479].
Elliptical dolmens, seeDolmens.
Ellis, Mr., his opinion that Stonehenge was an Observatory, [7].
Ellora and Elephanta, dates of, [494].
Elopement of Diarmid with Graine, [225].
Emmen, [320]. SeeHunebed.
Emmrys, work of, in Welsh Triads, what, [173].
Enclosures, dolmens with, [307] et seq., [354];
in America, for defence, [511];
sacred and miscellaneous, [311].
End Low mound, [139]. SeeDerbyshire.
England, circle-building race in, [274];
dolmen-building race, ib.;
old race in, improved by Celts and Romans, [461].
Engelmanns-Becke, dolmen near, [301].
English idolatry, letter of Gregory the Great concerning, [21].
Eochy, King, tradition as to his bath, [179];
his death, ib.
Eochy the Daghda, [192] note.
Erdeven, [350].
Eric Blodoxe, [250];
sons of, [291].
Eric the Holy, [291].
Eskil, [279].
Esquimaux, Cave men similar to, in what respects, [17].
Es Salt, dolmens near, [441].
Essenes, their connexion with Buddhism, [500].
Estremadura, dolmens in, [378].
Etan, poetess, [197];
where buried, [212].
Ethelbert, cedes temple at Canterbury to Augustine, [22].
Ethnography, seeRaces.
Etrurians, tomb-building race, [31], [393];
dead reverencing, [393];
tomb of Commella, [33];
of Regulini Galeassi, [34];
contents of, [34];
belong to age of bronze, [34];
imitated at Rome, [40].
Europe, Northern, limited knowledge of, before Roman epoch, [38].
Eusufzaie circles, [453].
FA HIAN, his visit to Sanchi, [492].
Faidherbe, General, his remarks on tombs in Roknia, [396].
Family sepulchres marked by megalithic monuments, [15].
Faussett, Mr. Godfrey, his happy reference to Beowulf, [120].
Féraud, M., his researches in Algeria, [395];
his opinion as to building-race, [403];
respecting find at Djideli, [404].
Ferguson, Mr., drawings by, of sepulchres at Dol ar Marchant, [362].
Fiddes Hill circle, [263-5].
Fin, his conflict with Hengist, [120].
Finds: altar stone, [104];
armour, [79], [104];
amber beads, [218];
amulet of
iron, [14];
arrow-head, flint, [11], [12];
ditto, iron, [104-6], [337];
awl, [13];
axe-stone, [165];
ball syenite, [217];
batter dishes, [104];
battle-axe, [156];
basaltic celt, [11];
and hammer head, [12];
beads of glass, [13], [218], [359];
and of amber, [218];
bird of bone, [527];
bluestone, chippings of, [103];
bones, [74], [526];
burnt, [13], [142], [159], [210], [526];
charred, [217];
calcined, [11];
human bones, [155], [179], [182], [199], [216], [219], [446];
bones of animals, [143-5], [182], [216];
bones of mammalia, [210];
of horse, [404], [446];
dogs, [527];
rats, [13];
stags, [104];
oxen, ib.;
of men, ib.;
bones incinerated, [264];
bone bodkin, [210];
comb, [527];
box of bronze, [13];
brass, [165];
brass or copper pin, [12];
spear-head, [103];
bracelet, gold, [447], [527];
bridle bit, [12], [80], [81], [148], [157], [404];
bronze, [11], [13], [120], [141], [145], [184], [216], [318], [339], [358], [526];
buckle, [43];
and heads, [297];
of gold, [156];
burial urn, [527];
cap ornamented with gold, [446];
carvings, rude, [366];
celt, basaltic, [11];
stone, [11], [142];
of bronze, [127];
of jade, [358];
chamber, rude, [159];
charcoal, [103], [265], [469], [526];
chief, and wife and children, remains of, [446];
chippings of stones, [103];
circular instrument, [13];
circumcision, instruments of, [440];
cists, [12], [140-1], [155-6];
coal, Kimmeridge, [13];
coins (seeRoman Coins);
coins, German, [318];
Anglo-Saxon, ib.;
Byzantine, ib.;
Arabic or Kufic, ib.;
coins, Roman, [74];
brass coins, [11];
Claudius, Gothicus, [12], [33], [143];
Constantine, [11], [12], [143], [165];
family of, [11];
Constans, [11];
Constantine II., [11], [339];
Constantinopolis, [11];
Constantine Junior, [12], [143];
Gratian, [11];
Hadrian, [84];
from Tiberius to Trojan, [339];
Theodosius, [209];
Urbs Roma, [11];
Valens, [11];
Valentinian, [11], [12], [36], [143], [144], [209];
combs, engravings on, [218];
compass, leg of, [218];
comb, [527];
copper, [120];
cromlechs, [143];
cylinder partially pierced, [359];
dagger, bronze, [145];
brass or bronze, [12], [13], [14];
dart or javelin point, [142];
dog's bones, [527];
drinking cup (fragments), [12], [145], [297];
earthenware, [525];
electrum plate, part of quiver ornamented with figures of animals
and Greek inscription, [446-7];
enamels, [145];
engraved dagger and Wurm knot, [245];
fibula, [11], [13], [142], [210], [297];
fibula, gold, [156];
flat basin, large, [217];
flint, [11], [12], [14], [146], [165], [182], [218];
fragments of, [286];
flakes, and instruments of, [447];
flowers, silver, [156], [339];
Faustina, medal of, [405];
garnets, [11];
giant, remains of, [130], [156];
glass, [13], [339];
glass beads, ib.;
glass, molten drop of, [218];
gold-enamelled necklace and bracelets, [440];
gold cross, [11];
necklace, [12];
brooch, [212];
ornaments, [13], [358], [451];
goblet, silver, [297];
gold, traces of, [155];
hair, human, chestnut-coloured, [526];
hammer-head, [12];
handle of knife, [13];
helmets ornamented with bronze and silver, [114];
hone of sandstone, [12];
horns, [74];
stags', [13], [105];
of other animals, [105], [150];
horse, [446];
bones and teeth of, [404];
teeth, [12];
bones, [183], [527];
human remains, [165], [209], [217], [356], [444];
ashes and bones, [469];
hair, [526];
human interments, [185], [359];
original or secondary, [209], [284];
inscriptions, [246], [314];
implements of flint and bone, [145], [184], [185], [217], [218], [359];
of iron, [218];
of modern form, [318];
of flint, [286];
inscriptions, [246], [314];
instruments, [13];
ironstone, [12];
ivory tweezers, [103];
jade, axes in, [358];
jet bracelet, [210];
ornaments, [217];
knife, [11], [146];
knife with iron sheath, [12];
iron, [212];
knife-shaped articles, [218];
lacrymatory, Roman, [165];
medal, [404];
metal, lump, [155];
nails, [527];
ornaments, Anglo-Saxon, [11];
rude, [185];
more refined, [211];
of goblet, [297];
dragons, tortoise, fantastic heads of animals, [297];
in gold and bronze, [358], [526];
and copper, [527];
oyster shells, [74];
pebbles, [218];
pin, iron, [13];
bronze ditto, [141], [216];
copper, [210];
pine poles partly burnt, [526];
point, flint, of dart or javelin, [142];
pottery, fine, broken, [357];
pottery, rude, [12], [217], [218], [285], [339];
Roman, [105], [106];
black, [285];
fine, [404];
red and black, rude British, [105], [285];
Roman British, or Mediæval, [165];
precious stones, traces of, [142];
punch, iron, [218];
rat's bones, [13];
ring, gold, [210];
iron, ib.;
bronze, [218], [487];
Runes, [244];
representations of stag and camels, [218];
shield, fragments of, [156];
silver-flower sword-ornaments, [156];
slate, [525];
spear-heads, flint or stone, [182];
skulls, human, [155], [525];
snaffle bridle, [156];
sword, iron, [148], [156], [184], [446];
syenite, [217];
sea shells, [218];
silver, [13], [243];
skeletons, human, [11], [14], [17], [76], [145], [148], [165], [209], [289], [313];
sling-stones, [210];
spear-head, [11], [12];
of brass, [103];
sculptured slab, [365];
stained fragments, [218];
stag's bones, [216];
statuettes, [339];
stone, [11], [165];
polished stones, [218];
stone button, [210];
stone shot, ib.;
studs of coal, [13];
tiles, Romano-Gallic, [338];
others, [359];
teeth of animals, [12];
human, [155], [216];
of horse, [404];
tweezers, ivory, [103];
terra cotta, [339];
torques, gold, [210];
silver, [243];
urns, [11-13], [143], [179], [264];
with ashes, [184], [210];
of stone, [210];
for burial, [527];
vases, [140-1], [357];
whetstone, [13];
wood, coals, [74];
wood, burnt, [182];
wood, dark, [526].
Finds in Denmark, [10];
Derbyshire, [11];
Winster Moor, ib.;
Pegges Barrow, ib.;
Long Rood, ib.;
Haddon Field Barrow, ib.;
Gib Hill, ib.;
Cross Flats, ib.;
Galley Lowe, [12];
Minning Lowe, ib.;
Borther Lowe, ib.;
Rolley Lowe, ib.;
Ashford Moor, ib.;
Carder Lowe, ib.;
New Inns, ib.;
Net Lowe, [13];
Castern, ib.;
Chartham Downs, ib.;
Stand Lowe, ib.;
Wetton and Ilam, ib.;
Middleton Moor. ib.;
Come Lowe, ib.;
Dowe Lowe. ib.;
valley of Somme, [16];
Abbeville, ib.;
Gray's Inn Lane, ib.;
Nineveh, [34];
at Avebury, [74];
at Crichie, [75];
at Hakpen, [76];
contents of, [250];
tumuli, analysis of contents of, [11];
finds at Stonehenge, [103-5];
at West Kennet, [285] et seq.;
inferences from, [288];
inference from nature of, [106];
from coins, [338];
from absence of British, Gallic, and Christian coins, [340];
from Roman pottery, [360];
few inferences of age possible from finds in India, and why, [480];
no iron or bronze, but copper, in North America, [517];
and tools only of copper, [517].
Finn, suitor of Graine, [225].
Firbolgs, or Belgæ, in Ireland, [176];
when, [193];
defeat at Moytura, [179];
how long in Ireland, [193];
whence they came thither, [193].
Fire, worship of, forbidden by Councils, [25].
Flann, son of Conaing, [201].
Flint remains found at Abbeville, [16] note;
inference from, [166];
symbolic of what, [447].
SeeFinds.
Flower, Mr., account of African monuments, [396];
and their builders, [403].
Ford, Mr., his 'Handbook of Spain.'
Fordun, seeBoece.
Fomorians, from Africa settled in Ireland, [176];
dispossessed by Belgæ, [176];
of same race as Dananns, [187].
Forres, Sweno's stone at, [59].
Fountains, worship of, [24-5].
Fouquet, M., seeGalles, M.
Four-cornered grave, [449].
"Four Masters" cited, [213], [225], [382].
France, climate of, at epoch of "Cave men," [17];
finds in, [16];
menhirs, [59];
a single sculptured stone there, [59] note;
French study of rude-stone monuments, recent, but scientific, [325];
'Dictionnaire des Antiquités Celtiques,' ib.;
Bertrand, M., his map of France, [326];
general distribution of French monuments, ib.;
no dolmens in East of France, [327];
date of Celtic first invasion of Gaul, [327], [334];
two early contemporary races in, [328];
the 'ac' termination, [329];
church architecture in dolmen region of the South of France, [331];
form of dolmen distinguishes dolmens in Brittany from those in South
of France, [335];
Confolens, [337];
plan of, ib.;
error of French antiquaries, ib.;
find, [337-9];
dolmens, [340];
size, number, and beauty of, ib.;
few and imperfect circles, ib.;
"Allée couverte" or "Grotte des Fées," ib.;
examples of, elsewhere than in France, ib.;
their distribution here, [340];
Saumur, Essé, Locmariaker, Bagneux, Mettray, [341];
form of French dolmens, [342];
Krukenho, ib.;
comparative age of, [343];
demi-dolmens, rocking stones, &c., [345] et seq.;
Carnac, cemetery and battle-field, [349];
alignments, Carnac and Erdeven, St. Barbe, [350];
Maenec and Kermario, [351];
map, [352-3];
stone rows, [354];
differ how, from Stonehenge and Stennis, [355];
head of column of St. Barbe, Mont St. Michel, ib.;
find, [356];
Kerlescant, find, [357];
Plouharnel, double dolmen and find, [358];
long barrow, Moustoir-Carnac, ib.;
find, [359];
Locmariaker, cemetery, dolmen, [360];
sculptured stones at Mané Lud, [361];
dolmen, Dol ar Marchant, ib.;
end stone and roof, sculptured, [362];
fallen obelisk, [363];
compared to dolmen at Krukenho, ib.;
allée couverte, [364];
ornamented stones, ib.;
Mané er H'roëk, and find, ib.;
Gavr Innis, sculptured stones, [365];
resemble sculptures at Lough Crew, [366];
three-holed stone, tools used, ib.;
Tumiac, tumulus and find, ib.;
Crozon alignments, their origin and purpose obscure, [367];
Gré de Cojou, double alignment, circle, enclosures, dolmen, [367-8];
Preissac, ib.;
date and object of monuments at Carnac, [370] et seq.;
Carnac, Erdeven, and St. Barbe, are they parts of one whole? [372];
argument against their existence in Cæsar's time, [373];
not pre-Roman, ib.;
early history not satisfactory, ib.;
battle between Maximus and Gratian, ib.;
Conan Meriadec, [374];
author's view as to origin of Carnac monuments, [374-5];
Grallon's war with Liberius and Northern pirates, [374];
Romans never settled in Brittany, [370];
effect there of Roman building-style, ib;
and of withdrawal of Romans, [394].
Franks, M., his photograph of Ballo dolmen, [321].
French antiquaries, errors of, [337].
Frere, Mr., his find at Abbeville, [16] note.
Freyrsö, battle at, [276].
Frey's Howe, opened, [527].
Friar's Heel stone at Stonehenge, [7].
Frode Frodegode, tomb of, [299].
Frode V., [278], [288].
GALATIA, importance of dolmens there, if any, to Celtic theory, [446].
Galles, M. René, explores Mont St. Michel,[354];
with M. Fouquet explores Tumiac, find, [366].
Galley Low, find at, [12].
Gallicia, dolmens in, [378].
Ganora, seeGuinevere.
Gariock, Newton stone at, [57].
Garrywhin alignment, [529].
Gaul, Pliny's tale of snakes in, [4];
no stone temples in, mentioned by Cæsar or Tacitus, [20].
Gavr Innis, in Morbihan, [43], [364];
sculptures, holed stone, [365];
compared to Lough Crew, [366];
holes and trough below, ib.;
object of it.
Geraldus Cambrensis, his statement as to removal of stones to
Stonehenge, [107];
how fable originated, [108].
Germans, worship of, in groves only, [20].
Germany, North (seeScandinavia); dolmens in, [301].
Gervaise mentions cemetery at Canterbury, [22].
Ghazni, Saracenic arches at, [457].
Giant tribes in Palestine, builders of dolmens? [442];
circles, [453].
"Giant's dance," Geraldus and Ware cited as to, [107] note.
Giant's grave, [229];
circle there, ib.
Giants' towers, [415].
Giara, plan of, Nurhag of, [430]. SeeMediterranean Islands.
Gib Hill, find at, [11], seeDerbyshire;
analogue of Silbury Hill, [147].
Gildas cited, [87];
as to interments at Stonehenge, [110].
Gilead, dolmens in, [442];
last safe place for dolmens before India, [443].
Gizeh, date of pyramid of, [31].
Glasfurd, Capt., find by, [487].
Glem, or Glein, river, Arthur's battle near, [135].
Glen Columbkille, [225].
Glen Columbkille and Glen Malin, survey of Mr. Norman Moore, [520];
cromlechs or dolmens, stone chambers, solitary stones, [320];
plan of one, [521];
groups of, [523-4];
find, [525];
resemblance of one to Calliagh Birra's tomb, [525].
Glen Malin More, [225].
Godmundingham, destruction of church at, [23].
Gond, seeBhil.
Gongora y Martinez, Don, his work cited, [377].
Gordon, Principal, anecdotes of, respecting holed stones at Stennis,
[255].
Gorm, monument of, [27];
date of, [126], [296] et seq.;
dragon on, [245].
Gothland perhaps mentioned by Diodorus, [8].
Göttenburg, drawings of ships on stones at, [303].
Göttingen, no dolmens in, [301].
Gower caves, [16].
Gozo, spirals and scrolls at, compared to those at Mycenæ, [424].
Graine, daughter of Cormac Mac Art, seeBeds.
Grallon, king of Briton, his wars, [374].
Grandmont, holed dolmen at, [343].
Grange, New, cairns at, [52].
Gratian, defeat of, in Brittany, [374].
Grave, four cornered, [449].
Greece, Aryan occupation of, [39];
early tombs in Greece, ib.;
succession of architectural styles, [393]. SeeBactrian.
Greeks of Bactria introduce usage of stone monuments in India, [48];
Greek kings mentioned by Asoka, [498].
Greenland, route of early peoplers of America, [516].
Greenmount, tumulus at, [231];
diggings at, ib.;
date, [232].
Greenwell, Canon, his researches as to prehistoric tumuli, [289].
Gregory the Great, letter of, respecting English idols, [21].
Gröningen, dolmens in [301].
Grottes des Feés, seeAlées couvertes.
Groups of stones in England, [56].
Groves, sacred, [465].
Guest, Dr., accuracy of his dates, [86];
opinions as to place of Arthur's last battle, [87].
Guidebert circle, [531].
Guin, Arthur's 8th battle there, [137], [172].
Guinevere, where born and buried? [134].
Guzerat, ruins in, of Mahommedan city, [457].
HACAS PEN, seeHakpen Hill.
Hadrian, mausoleum of, [40];
coins of, [84].
Hagiar Khem, plan of cone, [423];
pit-markings, [424];
altar, [425];
headless image, ib.
Hag's Hill, [213]. SeeSlieve na Calliage.
Haken, his victory, [291].
Hakpen Hill, circle and avenue, [4];
double circles, [64];
Dr. Stukeley's theory as to, [4];
dimensions, [65];
mentioned in Charter of Athelstane, [73];
dimensions of ovals, [75];
stones, [76];
find, [76];
date of interments, [77];
Camden's account, [78];
Saxon and Danish burials, ib.;
Roman road at, [83].
Hale Farm, [117].
Halkor, [305];
dolmen, with drawing of ships, circles with crosses or
chariot-wheels, [304].
Hamlet, citation from, [286].
Hannibal in Spain, [380].
Hanover dolmen, [301];
with enclosure, [308].
Harald Blaatand, [296].
Harald Hildetand, his defeat, [280];
grave, [282].
Harold Harfagar, [248];
when took the Orkneys, [250].
Haugagerdium, [249].
Havard the Happy, [250].
Havard, Earl, where interred, [298].
Hauran, Roman tombs in the, [445].
Haxthausen, cited as to Steppes, [448-9].
Head-stone, seeKivik.
Hecatæus cited, [8].
Height of mound an indication of its age, [142] note.
Helmstädt, once dolmens were near, [301].
Hengist and Horsa, [119];
Hengist's grandson, [57];
his treachery, [107].
Henry of Huntingdon cited as to triliths at Stonehenge, [94].
Heracleidæ, return of, what figured by, [39].
Heraldic symbolism, [273].
Heremon, Spanish race of, in Ireland, [381] et seq.;
kings of this race in Ireland, where buried, [200].
Herodotus, his descriptions of tomb of Alyattes, [31];
his account of the Nasomenes, [407].
Herrestrup, dolmen at, [303];
ships, and circles with crosses engraved upon, [303].
Hesiod, his statement as to respective antiquity of brass or iron, [35].
Hiero's temple at mouth of Loire, [21].
Hildebrand, his account of diggings and find at Oden's Howe, [526].
Hildesheim, no dolmen at, [301].
Hindu Goni, [412].
Hindus as builders, [457];
did not employ the arch, [457];
not immutable, [458].
Historic, monuments not, [416].
Hjarnæ, tomb of, [299].
Hjortehammer, singular form of graves at, [316];
date of, according to Worsaae, [316];
Viking graves at, [528].
Hoare, Sir R. C., [5];
his work on Wiltshire, ib.;
his authority, in what questionable, [10];
his account of Hakpen, [77];
etymology of Marlborough, [84];
surveyed Marden, [85];
his opinion of, [86];
plan of Stonehenge, [91];
cited as to Stonehenge, [101-5], [110];
Stanton Drew, [150];
find by long barrows, [289].
Hob Hurst's house, [172].
Höbisch, double dolmen at, [309].
Hock Norton, defeat of English at, [126].
Holback, [310].
Holes in dolmens, [161];
Plas Newydd monolith at Stennis, [255];
ceremony connected with, ib.;
date of, [256];
certainly Scandinavian, [258];
in France, Trie, Grandmont, Bas Languedoc, [343-4];
umbrella form has analogues in India, &c., [343];
holes as entrances to chambers at Kerlescant and Rodmarton, [357];
others at Finistère, [358];
Gavr Innis, [365];
objects of holes there, trough below, [366];
in trilithon, [411];
in dolmen in Circassia, [447];
at Rajunkoloor, [469];
inference of connexion of race from, [495].
SeeTumulus.
Holland, dolmens in, [301].
SeeDrenthe, Hunebeds.
Holland, Rev. Mr., cited as to Sinai, [443];
find by, [444].
Holstein, dolmens in, [301].
Holy Land, seePalestine.
Horsa, his burial-place, [119-21];
battle between and Vortigern, [119].
Horses, sacrifices of, in the Steppes, [449-52].
Horstead, Horsa perhaps there buried, [121].
Houel's monuments in Malta, [416].
Howes, Danish and Saxon burials in, [104];
British ditto, to what date, ib.;
Danish kings buried, [250];
to what date, argument from, [297].
Hoxay, [249-50].
Hubba the Dane, his era, [104].
Huc and Gabet cited as to monasticism in the East, [502].
Human remains, seeFinds.
Human sacrifices amongst Anglo-Saxons, [284-5];
and Khonds in India, [460];
in Cuttack, [465].
Humble, tomb of, [299].
Hunebeds, [318], et seq.;
Emmen, [320-1];
Ballo, [321];
were they originally covered, [321];
Gröningen and Friesland, [322];
use and date, ib.
Hunestadt, dragon at, [245].
Hwitaby circles and Bacta stones, [290].
Hydahs in Alaska, [18];
compared to Cave men, ib.;
accounts of, [18] note;
whether of race of mound builders, [517].
Hy Fiachrach cited, [233].
Hyperboreans, mentioned by Diodorus, [8];
circular temples amongst, ib.;
falsely supposed to be inhabitants of Britain, ib.
IBERIANS, or Celtiberians, [227];
in Britain, [162];
in Donegal, [227];
dolmens, [228];
Irish dolmens, [238];
not very ready converts to Christianity, [228].
Idols, worship of, Councils forbidding, [24], [25].
Ilam, find at, [13].
Images, headless, [425];
of dead on tombs, [449].
India, temples of, [1];
no Druids in, [6];
observations on, [7];
when iron first known in, [35];
tombs in, [41];
holed stones, [343];
westernmost dolmen, [443];
rude-stone monuments, [455];
dates of Aryans crossing Indus, of Vedas and laws of Menou, [455];
no existing stone building prior to Asoka, ib.;
progress of Indian architecture contrasted with that of other
countries, [457];
Hindu not immutable, [459];
but other races are so, [459-461];
Khassia Hills, [462];
rude monuments there similar to European examples, ib.;
cremation amongst Khassias, [463];
funereal seats, ib.;
origin of menhirs there, stone turbans, [464];
menhirs and tables, ib.;
turban-stone, stone-table, trilithon, ib.;
no circles and alignments, tumuli, nor sculptures, but coincidences
with Western nations, [465];
points of similarity and of dissimilarity to Druidical institutions,
ib.;
date of monuments, ib.;
Kamarupa, [466];
Sylhet, ib.;
Western India, ib.;
Belgaum altars or tables, [467];
small circles, central stones, worship of Betal, ib.;
dolmen at Rajunkoloor, [468];
closed dolmen, [469];
find, [470];
cairns, ib.;
Raichore Doab dolmens surrounded by double circles, [470];
arrangement of dolmens at Rajunkoloor, ib.;
cairns at Jewurgi, find, [471];
purpose of each set of dolmens, [472];
their ages, ib.;
double dolmen, Coorg, [473];
tomb, Nilgiri Hills, ib.;
sepulchral circles at Amravati, [474];
circular rail, [475];
distribution of dolmens in India, ib.;
Karumbers Buddhists, [477];
Dravidians or Tumulians, [478];
Karumbers and Singalese, connexion of, ib.;
importance of the unexplored territory of Nizam, ib.;
Travancore cromlechs, [479];
mode of interment, offerings to departed spirits, explanation of
miniature utensils, [479];
finds, [480];
age of monuments, iron how long known in India, iron pillar at Kutub,
Delhi, [481];
sculptured Indian dolmen, [483];
Iwallee, [484];
group at Shahpoor, [485];
cross and dolmen at Katapur, [486-7];
dolmen with cross at Nirmul Jungle, [488];
dagobas in Ceylon, [489], [490];
dolmen at Pullicondah, [491];
Sanchi, rail near, [492];
author's view as to dates of hewn and rude-stone buildings, ignorance
of natives, [493-4];
Eastern and Western dolmens, similarities between, how far proof of
connexion, [495];
tomb of Akbar at Agra, [496];
proof from literature inconclusive, [496];
from Asoka's rock-engraved edict, [498].
Indian Buddhists, rails of, [48];
art influences elsewhere, [414].
Indian origin of Essenes, [500].
Inhumation, different kinds and history of, [30].
Inigo Jones, his treatise on Stonehenge, [23].
Inquisition, [332].
Inscriptions in Maes-Howe, [246];
Newton Stone, perhaps earliest Scotch inscription, [271];
Kirkliston, [271];
Ogham inscription, [271].
Interments, place of, in case of circles, [132], [151];
at Shap, Hakpen, and Crichie, [131-2];
Saxon (seeBeowulf);
articles deposited by Saxons, [145-6];
theory of successive interments, [146];
secondary interments, [165-6];
fallacy as to, [288-9];
Sir John Lubbock's argument respecting summit interments, [166].
International Prehistoric Congress at Paris, [337].
Iolaus with Thespiadæ colonizers of Sardinia, [429].
Iorsala Farer or pilgrims, [244].
Iran and Turan or Aniran, of what these words the equivalents, [506].
Irby and Mangles, Captains, observe dolmens in Syria, [441].
Ireland, tomb-building in, [43];
dolmens in, [45];
external ditto, [46];
menhirs in, [58];
no symbolage in, [59];
bluestones from, transported to England, [108];
rude-stone monuments in, [175];
best illustration of megalithic remains, ib.;
obstruction of the study of Irish monuments, ib.;
services of Dr. Petrie, ib.;
materials for history of, ib.;
copious literature, [176] (seeMoytura);
King Eochy, [178];
Firbolgs or Belgians, [179];
tradition of the "One Man," ib.;
Queen Misgan Meave, [184-6];
Dananns who? [188];
King Nuada of the Silver Hand, [186];
Fomorians, [186-7];
Breas, [186];
Balor of the Evil Eye, [187];
the great Daghda, ib.;
Fomorians and Dananns alleged to be of same Scandinavian race, ib.;
their very early intercourse with Irish, [188];
Dananns were Danes, ib.;
chronology of early events, [188] et seq.;
places of royal interment, [190];
race of Crimthann, [132];
introduction of alphabet, [189], [196];
division into kingdoms, [189];
early accounts of its peopling, ib.;
Irish history doubtful until Cimboeth, ib.;
burial-places of ancient kings, [190];
first influx of civilization, when, according to Dr. Todd,
[193] note;
Oghams, [196];
authentic history of Ireland, when commences, according to Petrie,
ib.;
legend of the Beds of Diarmid, [225];
tradition as to (seeCemeteries);
St. Colomba, [227];
Iberians in Ireland, monuments of, [227];
murder of Dathi by foster-brothers, [233];
barbarism of Irish before St. Patrick, [235-6];
their civilization progressive, [236];
stages of architecture, [237-8];
marks of triple system of monuments, [238];
importance of them to history, [238];
age and sequence of its monuments, [237-8];
circle-building race in, [274];
dolmen-building ditto, [274], [381];
Spanish migration to, Heremon, [381];
where Spaniards settled, [382];
date, ib.
SeeGlen Columbkille.
Iron, when known to Greeks, Israelites, Etruscans, [35];
argument from absence of iron in tombs considered, [37];
when introduced into Denmark, England, Egypt, ib.;
iron, early manufacture of, in India, [482];
and now by Khassias especially, ib.
Iron pillar at Kutub, [481];
date of, [482].
Italy, tomb-building in, [40];
dolmen at Saturnia, [391-2];
chambered tumuli, [392];
hewn stones, ib.;
Etruria, ib.;
why dolmens not so uniform in Italy as in France and Scandinavia,
[393];
earliest colonists, the Pelasgi and Tyrrheni, in contact with merely
stone-hewing peoples, ib.;
reverence of Etrurians for dead, ib.;
their effacement by more progressive races, ib.;
Rome adopts and improves Etruscan architecture, ib.;
and forces Spain and France to a more ambitious sepulture, [394];
their relapse into rude-stone monuments, ib.
Iwallee, singular place of dolmen, [484].
JACOB, stone set up by, [438-9].
Jains succeeded Buddhists in India, [459].
James I. directs researches respecting Stonehenge, [3], [104].
Janssen, Dr., his work on Hunebeds, [319].
Jarl Ragnvald, his expedition, [244].
Jarls, Orcadian, how buried, [297].
Jeffrey of Monmouth cited, [88];
account by, of Stonehenge, [106] and of Merlin, are justified, [412];
his character as writer, [106].
Jellinge, King Gorm's tomb at, [245], [296] et seq.
Jersey, tumulus in, [51];
circle, [52].
Jewurgi, cairns at, [471-2].
Jey Sing, observatories of, [7], [459].
John, St., Baptistery of, at Canterbury, erected, [22].
Jones, seeInigo.
Joshua, stone set up by, [438-40];
flint instruments of circumcision interred with him, [440].
Joyce, Rev. Mr., on crosses, [488].
Juggernaut, temple of, [460].
Junies, remains there, [368].
Jutes, settle in and trade with Britain before Cæsar's time, [133].
Jutland, dolmens in, [301].
KAFR ER WÂL, dolmen at, [441].
Kamarupa, Hindu kingdom, [466].
Karl Lofts, if circle there, [130].
Karumbers, [476] et seq.;
originators of rude monuments in India, [478].
Katapur, cross and dolmen at, [486-7].
Kemble cited, [64], [73];
as to historical value of poem of Beowulf, [120].
Kemp How, [130].
Kennet Avenue at Avebury, [63-4];
called "stone row" in charter of Athelstan, [74];
river, station of Saxons upon, [88];
long barrow similar to Lethra, [283].
SeeRiver Kennet.
Kens Low, [139];
barrow, find at, [145].
Kent, division of, by Bede, [120].
Kent's Hole, [16].
Kerdouadec alignment, [367].
Kerland demi-dolmen, [336].
Kerlescant, [351], [356];
long barrow opened, find, [356].
Kermario avenues, [350].
Keyna, traditions respecting, [151].
Keysler, citations from, [24], [25];
compares Drenthe to Stonehenge, [319].
Khassia Hills, rude-stone monuments, [462] et seq.;
tribes practise cremation, [463];
funereal usages, [463];
iron manufacture, [482].
Khatoura, tomb of Isidorus at, [100].
Khonds (seeGonds), usages of, resemblance to Druids, [460];
Major Macpherson's remarks respecting their worship, [461];
difficulty of putting an end to their human sacrifices, ib.
King Stone, [146].
SeeStanton Drew.
Kings of Denmark, tombs of, [15].
Kinsey, his 'Portugal Illustrated,' [377].
Kistvaens, or cists, how composed, [43];
contents of, ib.;
when covered, [43-4];
passages into, [43];
sculpture in, ib.;
New Grange, ib.;
Gavr Innis, ib.;
Maes-Howe, ib.;
Arbor Low, [140];
Gib Hill, [141];
Plas Newydd, [166].
Kit's Cotty House, [116];
whether ever covered, [44].
Kivik grave, head-stone of, [314];
figures upon, ib.;
date assigned to, ib.;
resembles one in France, ib.
Klein-Raden, [301].
SeeCotty House.
Knock na Rea, [184];
cairn at, [280].
SeeQueen Misgan Meave.
Knockeen, dolmen at, [229].
Knowth, cairn of, [192], [200];
identified by Petrie with cave of Cnodhba, [201];
searched by Danes, ib.
Knut, the great battle between and Olof, [291].
Kongsbacka battle-field, [279].
Königsberg, dolmens near, [301].
Konitz, dolmen at, [301].
Krukenho, allée couverte at, [342];
dolmen compared with Dol ar Marchant, [36].
Kubber Roumeia, tomb of Mauritanian kings, [423-4].
Kurgans or mounds in the Steppes, [448].
Kutb u Deen, his mosque at Delhi, [457].
Kutub iron pillar, [35], [481].
LAITY, seeClergy and Laity.
Landevenec founded by Grallon, [374].
Landver, son of Thufin, where buried, [528].
Largs, battle of, [58];
stone to mark, [58].
Larking, Rev. Mr., his visit to Aylesford, [118].
Latheronwheel, [530] et seq.
Lean Low mound, [139].
SeeDerbyshire.
Lecan, book of, cited, [233].
Lech, meaning of word, [44].
Ledwich, Dr., his description of New Grange, [143].
Lefroy, General, his diggings at Greenmount, [231].
Leoghaine, [212-3].
Leslie, Col. Forbes, [264];
his paper upon Aberdeenshire circles, [263];
Belgian group described by, [467].
Lethra, tomb at, of Harold, [282], [289].
Leuré, alignment at, [367].
Lia Fail, [382], [439].
SeeStone of Destiny.
Liberius, Consul, defeat of, [374].
Liegnitz, dolmen at, [301].
Lifeachaire Cairbre, his grave, [213].
Linn} seeLinuis; meaning of word, [136];
Lyn } perhaps Lake country, [136].
Linuis, where, [136];
locality of a battle of Arthur, different opinions respecting
locality, [136].
Liotr, or Landver, sepulchre, [254].
Listoghil cairn, [181];
mentioned by Petrie, ib.;
find there, [182].
Llwyd, Mr., [201].
Lockmaben, [129].
SeeWood Castle.
Locmariaker, allée couverte at, [341];
Dariorigum, capital of Venetes, [349];
long barrow, Mané Lud [360];
Mané er H'roëk, [360];
dolmen and sculpture, [360-1];
Dol ar Marchant, [361];
allée couverte near, [364];
date, [370].
Loire, grottes des fées along, [341].
Loncarty, defeat of Danes at, [270].
Long Stow Cove, [64].
Long-headed race, superior antiquity of, [36].
Long Roods, barrow at, [11].
Lot, department of, [334].
Lothbrok Ragnar, victories of, [290];
sepulchre of, [298];
battle fought by, [314].
Lough Crew, [199], [213];
excavations, [213];
cairn T. [214];
Hag's Chair, [215];
two stones, [216];
cairn L, [217];
cairn H, ib.;
find there, [218];
cairn D, [219];
other monuments at, ib.
Lubbock, Sir John, analysis by, of contents of numerous tumuli, [11];
Park Cwn tumulus described by, [164].
Lucan cited as to Nasomenes, [407].
Lug, grandson of Balor, [187].
Lukis, Rev. Mr., explores Carnac, [350], [356-7].
Lumberdale House, cist at Gib Hill removed to, [141].
Lüneburg, dolmen near, with enclosures, [308].
Luxembourg, Grand Duchy, dolmens in, [301], [323];
to whom referred, [323].
Lyons, battle near, [374].
MACKENZIE, Col., his map cited, [474];
his drawings of Viraculls and Masteeculls, [483].
Macpherson, Major Charteris, his work, memorials of service in India
cited, [460].
Madracen, [423];
of same type as Maltese examples, [424].
Madsen, his 'Antiquités préhistoriques du Danemark,' [188];
gives examples of buried dolmen, [310].
Maenec, Le, [350] et seq.
Maes-Howe tumulus, [244];
opened, ib.;
early spoliation of, ib.;
runes descriptive of origin, ib.;
the spoilers, who, ib.;
inference from runes, ib.;
engraving of dragon, similar to Danish, [245], [246] et seq.;
Wurm knot, [245];
inscription, [246];
age of, ib.;
architecture of howe, [247];
chamber and loculi, ib.;
resemblance of mound to those on Boyne, [248];
of what race and age, [249-256];
unique monument must have belonged to most magnificent race, [258].
Magas mentioned by Asoka, [498].
Magh Mor, King of Spain, his connexion with Ireland, [187].
Magnus Henricksson, Danish Prince, [291].
Magnus Olaus, description by, of megalithic remains in Sweden, [15], [101].
Mahabharata, date of the, [455].
Mahommedans could not influence the non-progressive tribes of India,
[459].
Mahommedanism, aversion to, in India, [459].
Majorca and Minorca, seeMediterranean Islands, [434].
Mal Lumkun, cross erected by, [272].
Malé, M., his example of demi-dolmen, [345].
Malmor, or Mal Muru, [272].
Malta, tombs of, [410];
giants' towers, [415];
Maltese monuments, seeMediterranean Islands.
Man, Isle of, circles in, [162];
crosses in, [273].
Mané er H'roëk, find there, [339], [360], [364];
singular sculptured slab, [364].
Mané Lud, [360].
Mangles, Captain, seeIrby.
"Many Stones," group, [529].
Maols, or Murderers, graves of four, at Ballina, [233], [336];
certain date of, [233].
Marden, [63];
circle, plan, [85].
Marienwerder, dolmen at, [301].
Marlborough, etymology of word, [84].
Marmora, Count de la, his work on Sardinia, [428] et seq.
Marsa Sirocco, remains at, [425].
Masses, immense, moved by rude peoples, [465].
Masteeculls, what, [483].
Mauritanian kings, tombs of, [424].
Maximus, overthrow of Roman power by, [373];
his battle, [374].
Mayborough (seePenrith and Cumrew);
circle at, compared to Little Salkeld, [127].
Meave Misgan, Queen, seeMisgan.
Mecklenburg, dolmens in, [301].
Mediterranean islands, non-historic monuments of, shaped stones, [415],
[436];
Malta, giants' towers, circles, [416];
Gozo, [417];
Hagiar Khem, [419], [423];
Mnaidra, [418-22];
roofing of Maltese monuments, [422];
these compared to Kubber Roumeia and Madracen, [424];
Gozo scrolls and spirals compared to those of Mycenæ and Greece,
ib.;
pit-markings, ib.;
altars and stone tables, [225];
monuments not temples but sepulchres, [425-6];
Phœnicians in Malta, [425];
the monuments, of what race and age, [426], [437];
prior to dolmens, [437];
Sardinic Nurhags, [427];
storeys of Nurhags and groups, plan of, ib.;
Santa Barbara, [428], [431];
silence of history as to them, [429];
Dedalean buildings according to Diodorus, ib.;
La Giara, [430];
what Nurhags were, [431];
derivation of, [432];
view of author as to purpose of Nurhags, [433];
Balearic islands, Talyots at Trepucò, Minorca bilithon, [435];
Alajor, ib.;
stone tables, [435-6];
rude-stone circles, [432].
Megalithic monuments at Moytura, [180] et seq.;
every kind of, except avenues, [180-1];
monument in Deer Park, Sligo, [234];
its anomalous nature, [235];
Celts had nothing to do with, according to Bertrand, [254];
gap of, between France and Scandinavia, [323];
none in valleys of Rhine or Scheldt, ib.;
distribution of, [334];
map, [324];
table, [376];
demi-dolmens, rocking stones, [345] et seq.;
Carnac, [350];
Tiaret, [397].
Megalithic remains, how to study, [19];
rarely in this country contain flint, bronze, or iron, [19];
style uniform, [36];
age of, [37];
resemblance to Buddhist structure, [42] (seeKistvaens);
mark battle-fields, family sepulchres, or graves of distinguished
men, [15];
great light as to, derivable from Irish remains, [175].
Melkart and Astarte, temple in Malta dedicated to, [425].
'Memorials of Service,' work of Major Charteris-Macpherson, [460].
Menhirs, [29];
derivation of word, [57];
where, ib.;
purpose, ib.;
single stones in Scripture, Greece, Etruria, ib.;
rarely inscribed, ib.;
in Ireland, Wales, Scotland, [59];
France, ib.;
at Lochrist, ib.;
Denmark, [60] (seeMonoliths);
purpose of menhir in Khassia, [463];
Western not after Tartar models, [452].
Menou, laws of, date of, [455].
Meriadec Conan, British Prince in France, [374];
wars of, ib.
Merivale, bridge at, [55-6];
parallel lines of stones at, [54];
their purpose, ib.;
avenue, circles, and cromlech at, [55-6].
Merlin, his bury, [84];
his connexion with Stonehenge, [107];
fable about, [133];
explained, [412].
Mettray, allée couverte at, [341].
Mexican temples, [514];
race non-progressive beyond a certain point, [19].
Mexico, carved stone monuments in, [517].
Miamisburgh, sepulchral mound at, [514].
Miana, circle at, [453].
Microlithic remains, [40], [41], [47].
Miegle, alleged burial-place of Guinevere, [134].
Migration from France to Algeria, [409];
of people settled around Mediterranean, [410].
Migration theory, how proved or disproved, [443], [445].
Minho, dolmens in, [378].
Miniature urns and utensils in Indian tomb, use of, explained, [479].
Mitjana, Don Rafael, pamphlet by, [377].
Minning Low, [130], [142-3].
SeeDerbyshire.
Minorca, seeMediterranean.
Minyas, tomb of, [33].
'Mirabilibus Auscultationibus, De,' work ascribed to Aristotle, [429],
[434].
Miscellaneous, seeMounds.
Misgan Meave, Queen, cairn of, [183];
killed by whom, [184] (seeMoytura);
poem of her life and adventures, [196];
her husband, [197].
Mnaidra, elliptical chambers, [417];
plans of monuments at, [418-22];
cones, [419];
pit-markings, [420];
openings in walls, shelves or loculi or columbaria? [420];
roofs, [421].
Modestus, his zeal of proselytism unsuccessful in Brittany, [373].
Mogalana and Sariputra, disciples of Buddha, [504].
Mogols, domes of, [40].
Molyneux, Sir Thomas, [202].
Monasticism in the West, [499];
Vestal Virgins, Antony, ib.;
Essenes, [500];
history silent as to monasticism in the East, not so architecture,
[501];
imitated by the West from the East, ib.;
peculiarities introduced, [502].
Monoliths at Stennis, [242];
holed, [242], [255];
Setif, [397].
Mont St. Michel, possibly occupied by Cæsar, [20];
find, [356].
Montfort, Simon de, [481].
'Monumenta Britannica' cited, [87].
Monuments, seeRude-Stone.
Moon worship forbidden, [25].
Moore, Norman, Mr., his visit to Glen Columbkille, [225];
letters from, respecting, Appendix, [520-3].
Moors in Spain, [381].
Motes, or places of judgment, stones to mark, [26].
Mounds of sacrifice in North America, [513];
of sepulture, [514];
temple, ib.;
animal mounds, [515];
conical mounds, [513].
Moustoir Carnac, long barrow and find, [358-9].
Moytura, [176];
two battles at, [175];
narrative of, by O'Donovan, [176];
first battle at North Moytura, [176-7];
second battle at South Moytura, [177-9];
circles, [177];
cairns, ib.;
cairn of "One Man," [178];
importance and varieties of monuments at Northern Moytura, [180];
map, [181];
plan of circles, [182-3];
dolmen, [183];
tomb of Misgan Meave, [184];
locality of it doubted, [185];
account of battle of Northern Moytura, [186];
dates of battles, [188], [197];
when accounts first written, [197];
localities of battles, [198];
monuments at, contrasted with English and Scandinavian examples, [198];
resemblance of, to Braavalla, [280], [304].
Muir Divock, [130];
circles at, [130].
Mule Hill, [157-8].
SeeCircles, Small.
Mulheran, Mr., account of Katapur, [487].
Mull of Cantyre circles, [262].
Munch, Professor, his observations as to spoilers of Maes-Howe, [244];
mentions Halfdan's barrow, [250].
Mycenæ, tombs of Atridæ at, [32], [36];
analogous to Jersey circles, [52], [53];
scrolls and spirals there resemble those of Gozo, [424].
NABLOUS, dolmens on road to, [441].
Naper, Mr., excavations by, [213].
Nasamones, who, [407];
Herodotus mentions their veneration of dead, ib.;
a plundering tribe, ib.
Navarre, dolmens in, [378].
Nemedh, three sons of, [179].
Nennius, his account of origin of Stonehenge, [107];
of Arthur's battles, [135].
Nestorians, how far to the east, [488].
Net Lowe, find, [13].
Netterville House, tumulus, [209].
New Craig circle, [263].
New Grange, [43], [52];
Royal cemetery, [192], [201].
New Inn, [12].
Newark Works in America, [511].
Newton, [263];
sculptured stone, [263], [271].
Niall, father of Leoghaire, [212].
Nicol, Dr., his observations in Kincardine, [265].
Nikolajew, uncovered base of tumulus, [451].
Nilgiri Hills, tombs and dolmens, [472-3];
sculptured dolmens, [483].
Nine Ladies, circle of, at Stanton Moor, [48-9], [140].
Nineveh, dates of buildings at, how ascertained, [1], [34].
Nirmul Jungle dolmen with cross, [488].
Nizam's unexplored territory important to art and history, [478].
Nonhistoric monuments, [415].
Norman pirates, Grallon's war with, [374].
North Germany, seeScandinavia.
Norway, no dolmens in, but cairns and such like monuments, [302].
Nuada, king, "of the silver hand," battle and death, [187].
Nur, meaning of, [432].
Nurhags of Sardinia, [410], [415], [427] et seq.;
derivation of word, seeSardinia.
OAK used in Thyra's tomb, [298].
Obelisk, development of, [59];
at Aylesford, [117], [119];
at Rollright, [124];
at Dol ar Marchant, [363].
Oberhartz, no dolmens in, [301].
Oberyssel, dolmen in, [301].
O'Brian, wild speculations of, [175].
Observatories in India, [459].
Ochaim, Niall's burying-place, [212].
O'Curry, his account of battle cited, [188];
his view as to date of Ogham writing, [196].
Oden's Howe, exploration of, [526];
find, ib.
O'Donovan, his account of Moytura, [176];
his confession of uncertainty of Irish chronology, [190];
remarks as to dolmen of four Maols, [233].
Og, king of Bashan, [442].
Oghams, [29];
on menhirs, [58];
date of introduction, [196];
little used, and for what, ib.;
on Newton Stone, [271].
Ohio, sacred enclosures in, [511];
district of, how first peopled, [516].
Oise, holed dolmen at, [343].
Olaus, seeWormius, Magnus.
Old Testament, stones mentioned in, [57].
Oldenburg, dolmens in, [301].
Olfers, Dr., tomb of Alyattes examined by, [32].
Olof the Holy, [241].
Ophite theory, [4], [7].
Oppeln, dolmen near, [301].
Orchomenos sepulchre explored by Dodwell, [33];
lined with bronze, [34];
inference from, as to civilization, [39].
Orkneys (seeMaes-Howe, Scotland, Stennis);
no timber in, [298].
Orkhow, treasure there, [252].
Oroust, dolmen at, [305-6];
resembles Countless Stones, [305];
in enclosure, [310].
Osnabrück, dolmen in, [301].
Ougein, observatories in, [7];
commercial capital of Asoka, [459].
Ouseley, Sir W., cited as to Eastern circles, [453].
Oval dolmens, seeDolmens.
Ozene, or Ougein, which see.
PAGAN TEMPLES, similarity of, to Christian, [22-3].
Palestine and the East, dolmens, [438];
of stones mentioned in Scripture but one of megalithic class, [438-40];
monolith, [440];
dolmens between Es Salt and Nablous, [441];
and Kafr-er-Wâl, ib.;
whether dolmens outside of Gilead, [442];
of what tribe known examples are, ib.;
age of, [443];
Peshawur, ib.;
circular-domed tombs at Sinai, and stone circles, ib.;
find, [444];
Nukb Hawy ring, ib.;
resemblance to Bazinas and Chouchas, ib.;
Arabia, near Eyoor, rude-stone monuments mentioned by Palgrave,
resembling those of the West and at Tripoli, [445];
interest attaching to Arabian examples, ib.;
Asia Minor, unsolved problems respecting, [446];
Kertch, chambered tumuli, and finds, [447];
dolmens of shaped stones, holed in Circassia, Crimea, and on shore of
Baltic, [447].
Palgrave, Mr. Giffard, rude-stone monuments seen by him in Arabia, [444].
Pallas cited, [449].
Pancras, St., temple at Canterbury dedicated to, [22].
Pandus, temples popularly assigned to, [494].
Pape and Peti, early inhabitants of Orkneys, [248].
Parallel lines or avenues, [50].
SeeAvenues.
Park Cwn tumulus, [164];
meant to be visible, [164];
find at, ib.
Parkhouse circle, [263].
Pataliputta, seePatna.
Patan, Emperors, domes of, [40].
Patna, convocation at, [501].
Pausanias, tomb of Atridæ described by, [32], [33].
Pegges Barrow, [11].
Pelasgi and Tyrrheni, in contact with only stone-hewing races, [393].
'Pelasgic Remains,' work by Dadwell, [33];
style superseded by Doric in Greece, [393].
Pembroke, Philip, Earl of, his testimony as to Stonehenge, [104].
Pen, prefix, meaning of, [64].
Pennant cited as to Mayborough, [128-9].
Penrith, Arthur's Round Table at, [82];
Long Meg and her Daughters, [126] et seq.;
mentioned by Camden, [127];
Mayborough, ib.;
monolith, [128];
King Arthur's Round Table, ib.;
plan of, ib.;
history of monuments, [131];
Shap alignment not Druidical, ib.;
nor sepulchral, ib.;
at least not the cemetery of Shap, ib.;
marks battle-field, [132];
victory over Saxons, perhaps, ib.;
objections, [132-3];
monuments near, mark victories of Arthur, [132].
Pentre Ifan dolmen, [168].
'Periplus,' the, cited, [459].
Perthes, M. Boucher de, "find" by, on the Somme, [16].
Peru, carved stone monuments in, [518];
resemble Pelasgic and Tyrrhenian, ib.
Peshawur dolmen, [443];
circle, [452];
and at Deh Ayeh, [453];
hewn-stone circles ascribed to Caons or giants, [453];
if other dolmens in the East? [454].
Peti or Picts, [248-9].
SeePape.
Petrie, Dr., his useful but interrupted services in Ireland, [175];
observations of, as to cairn Listoghil, [181];
Moytura, [181] et seq.;
Tara, [193];
introduction of writing into Ireland, [196];
Oghams, ib.;
Knowth, [201];
cited as to Talten, [219];
style of Irish monuments, [238];
his excavations in the Orkneys, [249];
his suggestion as to Moytura, [280].
Phayre, Sir Arthur, on circle at Peshawur, [452].
Phœnicians, Romans, and Greeks of Marseilles, their influence upon
architecture of rude nations, [508].
Phœnicians, voyages of, to Cornwall, [38];
written characters at New Grange, [207];
not builders of rude-stone monuments, [409].
Picardy, remains of Cave men in, [329].
Pictland, features of, [58].
Picts, origin and relations with Irish and Gauls, [267];
their capitals, [271];
language, ib.
Pierre branlante, Brittany, [348].
Pierre Martine, rocking stone, [347-8].
Pilgrim Scandinavian pirates, [244].
Pit-markings, [424].
Plas Newydd dolmen, [167-9].
Pliny, seeCæsar.
Plouharnel, double dolmen at, [358].
Poitiers, demi-dolmen, [346].
Poitou, Cave men's remains in, [329].
Poland and Posen, no dolmens in, [301].
Pomerania, dolmens in, [301].
Portugal, writers on its rude-stone monuments, [377];
dolmens, ib.;
Strabo, an authority for its dolmens, ib.;
Cuneus, [378];
distribution of dolmens, ib.;
throws light upon theories, ib.;
course taken by dolmen race, [378] et seq.;
Arroyolos, dolmen at, [389].
Posen, seePoland.
Pownall, Governor, his disquisition upon marks at New Grange, [202], [207].
Pregel, dolmens on, [301].
Prehistoric prejudices, [406].
SeeInternational.
Preissac, alignment at, [368].
Pre-Roman theory, [373].
Progressive theory, [406].
Prussia, dolmens rare in, [301].
Prussian Saxony, seeSaxony.
Priam's house of brass, [35].
Prinsep, Mr., his translation of an edict of Asoka, [498].
Priority of dates, seeDates.
Ptolemy, mentioned in edict of Indian Prince, [498].
Pullicondah, cairn or dolmen, [491].
Puri, temple of Juggernaut at, [460].
Pyramids, inference as to climate from pictures in, [17];
date of that at Gizeh, [31];
antecedent structures supposed, ib.;
contain tombs true and false, [46];
probable date of, [408].
Pytheas, visit of, to Cimbrian Chersonese, [38].
QUEEN Charlotte's Sound, whether natives a race of mound-builders, [517].
RACE, inference as to, from use of circles, [163];
of dolmens, ib.;
of circles and dolmens, ib.;
divisions of, in Britain by Tacitus, [162];
inference from simultaneous monuments of three kinds in Ireland as to
races, [238];
relations of Picts with Irish and Gaels, shown by comparison of
monuments, [267], [271];
circle-building and dolmen-building races, [274];
whence each came, and course which each took, ib.;
dolmens, historic, [302];
distribution of, ib.;
prehistoric theory leaves subject of races obscure, ib.;
dolmen-building race not so ready converts to Christianity as the
Celts, [328];
inference from church architecture in South of France, [332];
and Protestant feeling in South of France, ib.;
non-progressive, ib.;
Cimbri, Celts, and Gauls, [333];
Cimbri and Aquitani related, ib.;
race traced by dolmens from Brittany to Narbonne, [334];
Iberians, Celtiberians, Turanians, [379];
disturbed by Carthaginians, [379];
Romans, [380];
Moors, their easy conquest of Spain, how accounted for, [381];
Spanish settlers in Ireland and Britain, ib.;
Tara, [382];
Lia Fail, ib.;
Heremon, [381-3];
ethnography of North Africa, [406], et seq.;
different theories as to, ib.;
connexion between races on the northern and southern sides of
Mediterranean, [408];
chief race in India, [458];
Bhil, Cole, Gond, and Toda, non-progressive, [459];
Hindus not immutable, ib.;
inference from style of architecture, [495];
peopling of America, [516];
by what way, [516];
Mound-builders, Redmen, Hydahs, [517];
Aztecs and Toltecs, [515];
Pastoral or Agricultural races, ditto Hunters in North America, ib.
Race-course, notion that alignments at Stonehenge were, [111].
Raguhilda, wife of Eric, [250].
Rail, Sanchi, [492].
Rajagriha, convocation at, [501].
Rajpootana, pertinacity of Bhil usages, [459].
Rajunkoloor, [468] et seq.
Ramayana, the date of, [455].
Ramé, M., describes alignment at Gré de Cojou, [377].
Rath at Dowth, residence of the Dagdha, [195].
Rath of Leoghaire, [195];
singular direction by him as to his burial, ib.
Rath of Queen Meave, [193].
Rath na Riogh, [194];
resembles Avebury, ib.
Rathcrogan, supposed burial-place of Queen Meave, [183].
Rayne, old circle at, [263].
Rectangular dolmens, [313].
SeeDolmens.
Redmen of North America, [517];
not mound-builders, ib.
Redstone pillar, [200].
Relic worship in the East, [503].
Relig na Riogh, Dathi's burial-place, [200].
Rhind, Mr., his bequest for Professorship
of Archæology in Scotland, [239];
paper on ortholithic remains in Africa, [395-7].
Ribroit, Arthur's tenth battle there, [137].
Rickman, his perception of progress and sequence in monuments, [113];
value of his process in fixing dates, [114].
Ring Sigurd, [280];
saga as to, [282].
Ringham Low, group, [139].
SeeDerbyshire.
Rocking stones, [347].
Rodmarton, chambered tumulus, [166];
post-Roman, [289];
holes in entrance, resembles Kerlescant, [357].
Roeskilde, dolmen in square, [307].
Rolley Lowe, [12].
Rollo in England, [126].
Rollright, circle at, [124];
obeliscal stone, ib.;
dolmen, ib.;
examined by R. Sheldon, [125];
unimportance of monuments there, ib.;
whether sepulchral, ib.;
assigned by Camden to Rollo, [126].
Roman coins, find of, in Ireland, [166].
SeeCoins, Finds.
Roman pottery found at Stonehenge, [105];
inference from, [106].
SeeFinds.
Roman road at Silbury Hill, [81];
argument from its state, [82];
and of that at Hakpen Hill, [83].
Romans, Stonehenge assigned to, by Inigo Jones, [3];
in England, [96];
effect of Roman art upon British civilization, ib.;
and architecture, [394];
in Africa, [414];
pressure of, upon Etruria, [393].
Ronalds, Mr., his engraving of Carnac, [350].
Rooke, Mr., his account of Stanton Moor, [146];
snaffle-bit found by, [156].
Rose Hill tumulus, [155].
SeeCircles, Small, [155].
Ros-na-righ, who buried there, [212].
Ross County, North America, sacred enclosures in, [511].
Rothiemay circle, [263].
Round tower, seeTower.
Roy's, General, 'Military Antiquities of Romans' cited as to circle at
Wood Castle, [129].
Rude-Stone monuments erected even where letter inscriptions and carving
practised, [273];
none in the valleys of Scheldt and Rhine, [323];
sometimes comparatively modern, [406];
result sometimes of fashion, [408];
Aryans and pure Dravidians or Tamulians not builders of, in India,
[447-8].
Rudeness of monument, what it proves, [100].
Rügen, island of, dolmens in, [301].
Runes on menhirs, [29];
Maes-Howe, [246-8], [251];
Isle of Man, [273].
SABÆAN worship of planets, [432].
"Sabrinum ostium," meaning of words, [87];
Arthur's last battle fought near, ib.
Sacrifices, seeHuman.
Sagas, [254];
as to Harald Hildetand, [280].
Sakya Muni, date of, [455];
influences Buddhism, [506];
is not Woden, [496].
Salkeld, Arthur's seventh battle, [137].
SeeCumrew.
Sanchi rail, [492];
gate, [94];
no images of priests, [501];
relics of saints, [504];
dagobas and stupas, [41].
Sandulf the Swarthy, [272].
Santa Barbara, Nurhags at, [428] et seq.
SeeMediterranean Islands.
Santander dolmens, [378].
Sardis, tombs at, [32];
age of, [32].
Sariputra, see Mogalana.
Sarsen stones, at Ashdown, [122];
what they represent, ib.;
at Avebury, [73], [86];
whence they came, [95];
at Stonehenge, [94].
Saturnia, dolmen at, [391-2].
Sauclières dolmen, [335].
Saumur, grotte des feés near, [341].
Säve, Karl, letter from, respecting diggings at Oden's Howe, [526-7].
Savernake Forest, [87].
Saxo-Grammaticus as to Gorm's son, [296].
Saxons, defeat of, by Vortimer, [106];
battle with Vortigern, [119].
Saxons, march of, in the West, [88];
encounter Arthur, [88-9], [132];
their defeat near Penrith, [132];
traded with and settled in Britain before Cæsar's time, [133-4];
grave mounds in England, [36];
articles supposed Saxon at Stand Lowe, [13].
Saxons, Prussian, [301].
Saxony, dolmens in, [301].
Scandinavia and North Germany, [275];
Danes, their megalithic remains little known, ib.;
false route of their antiquaries, [276];
except Sjöborg, [277];
their early historians little reliable, ib.;
Scandinavian history prior to Christ, ib.;
Odin, fable as to, ib.;
Frode I., date of, [278];
and of Harald Harfagar, ib.;
list of kings, ib.;
battle-fields, ib.;
Kongsbacka, [279];
its analogy to Dartmoor, Ashdown, and Karnac alignments, ib.;
view of, ib.;
grave of Frode, but which Frode? ib.;
battle-field of Swedes and Danes, ib.;
Braavalla Heath, [280];
resemblance to Moytura, ib.;
circles, ib.;
doubt as to date of, ib.;
square and triangular graves, [282];
King Harald Hildetand, saga of, and Sigurd Ring, [283];
tomb of former, [282];
find of flints, [283];
erroneous inference, ib.;
form of grave, ib.;
Hwitaby circles and Bauta stones at, [290];
battle-fields, whose, ib.;
Lothbrok, [291];
Stiklastad, and circles there, ib.;
circles and ovals, mounds and square enclosures, ib.;
victory of Blenda, ib.;
Freyrsö cairns, mounds, and ship barrows, ib.;
tumuli, to what race due, aboriginal or invading, [293];
Scandinavians, of what race, ib.;
Worsaae's argument, ib.;
triple group at Upsala, [294];
find, ib.;
mound of Wodin, ib.;
Jellinge, tombs of Gorm and Thyra, [296];
importance of, [297];
diggings in the latter, [296];
find, [297];
date, ib.;
compared to Maes-Howe, [299];
comparative dates of Danish, Irish, and Stennis monuments, ib.;
series of Royal Danish tombs, ib.;
might furnish dates of styles, [300].
SeeScotland, Caithness.
Scandinavian antiquaries commended, [15].
Scandinavians in Ireland, [187];
different tribes of, [187];
Vikings, ib.;
in Scotland, Orkneys, [244];
pilgrims, Christian, and pirates, ib.;
conoid graves, [243];
ship graves, [315];
equilateral triangles, ib.;
meaning of the latter form, [315-6];
singular arrangement of circles at Aschenrade, [317];
resembles Algerian example, [318];
finds, ib.;
no Druids amongst, [6];
ignorant of iron, [37].
Schleswig dolmens, [301].
Scone stone, [439].
Scotland, menhirs in, [57];
megalithic remains in, [239];
Wilson's 'Prehistoric Annals' of, ib.;
scanty means of studying monuments in, ib.;
cat or battle-stones, dolmens, circles, [240];
distribution of, ib.;
Orkneys, [241];
circles, tumuli, ib.;
Stennis, ib.;
dolmens, [241], [355];
monoliths, [242];
holed monument, [242], [255];
bowl-shaped barrows, [243];
find, ib.;
conoid barrows, ib.;
find there, ib.;
Maes-Howe, ib.;
spoliation of, ib.;
runes, ib.;
dragon and Wurm knot, [245];
inscription at Maes-Howe, [246];
chamber there, [247];
and loculi, [248];
resemblance to Boyne monuments, ib.;
red sandstone material, ib.;
conquest of Island by Harold Harfagar, ib.;
Pape and Peti, who these races were, ib.;
what is Maes-Howe, [248-9];
and what the barrows, ib.;
Haugagerdium, perhaps How of Hoogsay, who buried there, ib.;
Halfdan's Barrow, [250];
similarity to Danish royal tumuli, ib.;
account of conquest of Orkneys by the Norwegians, ib.;
Stennis, scene of what battle, [250-1];
runic inscriptions, [251];
scantiness of, accounted for, [252];
an inscription confirmed by a find, ib.;
Maes-Howe, whether it has connexion with circles, [253-4];
dates of early invasions of Northmen, [255];
Brogar, [254];
less ancient than Stennis, [255];
conversion of Northmen to Christianity, ib.;
date of group of monuments at Stennis, [256];
analogy of to Stanton Drew, ib.;
author's reasons justifying date assigned to group at Stennis, [257-8];
Callernish circles, ib.;
cruciform grave, [259];
avenue, [260];
Tormore,
Isle of Arran, cist circles, [261-2];
Brodick Bay circle, and obelisk, [262];
Mull of Cantyre, ib.;
Aberdeenshire circles, [263];
Fiddes Hill, [264];
circle at Rayne and find, [263];
post Christian date of, [264];
moat and entrances, [265];
uses merely sepulchral, ib.;
Clava mounds and circular chambers, [266];
find, ib.;
their use, [267];
stone at Coilsfield, ib.;
stone at Aberlemmo, [268-9];
its purpose, [270];
Caithness alignments differ from British and French, [529];
horned cairn, [530];
circles inferred by Sir H. Dryden not always to be sepulchral, [532];
date, [528];
similarity to Viking graves, [528].
Scott, Sir Walter, his description of holed monolith in Orkney, [242].
Scrolls and spirals in Irish sculpture, [222].
Sculpture, [29];
difficulty of reasoning from gradation of style as to Irish or
Scottish, [59];
chiselled, engraved, pricked, [217];
what tools employed, ib.;
at Mané Lud, imitations of boats, hatchets, writing, [361];
at Dol ar Marchant, hatchet, plume, [362].
Secondary, seeInterment.
Semitic race, their feeling to monasticism, [500].
Senbya dagoba, [496-7].
Sentinel stones, [310].
Sepultura Grande dolmen, [386].
Sepulture, seeCairns, Circles, Cists, Dolmens, Mounds, Tombs,
Tumuli.
Seringham, monoliths of, [96];
monstrous size of, ib.;
work there, how interrupted, ib.
Serpent temples, false theory as to, [4], [21], [64];
gigantic serpent-forms in earth in America, [515];
serpent knot, seeWurm.
Sesto Calende, rude-stone monuments at, [391].
Setif, dolmen near, [396].
Shahpoor stone monuments, [485].
Shap avenue, counterpart of Kennet, [147].
SeePenrith.
Ship graves, [316].
Ships sculptured in dolmens, [303].
Siam, [456];
dagobas and stupas in, [41].
Siberian Steppes, America peopled from, [516].
Side-stone, Aspatria cist, [157].
Siganfu tables, [488] note.
Sigurd, converted by Olaus, [250].
Silbury Hill, Roman writers silent as to monuments, [20];
their purpose and age, [65], [84];
description of, [78];
dimensions, [79];
researches there, ib.;
negative results, ib.;
accounted for, ib.;
find in, [81];
mound, who raised, [86];
near Wansdyke, [88];
Arthur's last battle, [89];
mound, why created, ib.;
analogue of Gib Hill, [147].
Silesia, dolmens in, [301].
Silius Italicus cited, [407].
Silures in Britain, [162-3];
in Wales and Anglesea, [163];
Cornwall, ib.;
join with Brigantes, [381].
Simpson, Sir J., cited as to Vetta, [271];
as to pit-markings, [425].
Sinai, monuments at, [443-4].
Sing, Jey, observatory, [7].
Sivite temple, ruined, at Iwullee, [484].
Sjöborg, [276];
his merits, [276-9];
treats dolmens all as prehistoric, [306].
Skail Bay, [252].
Skiuli, death of, [528].
Skene, seeStuart, Glennie.
Slieve na Calliagh, [213] (seeHengist and Horsa);
when first remarked, [213];
illustrations of, [214] et seq.;
style of sculpture, [215];
find at, [215-6];
mysterious great stone saucer, [216];
find, [217-8];
absence of circles, alignments, and rude-stone monuments, [219].
Sligo trilithon, [108];
cairn of Ballysadare, King Eochy's tomb, [179].
Smidstrup, buried dolmen at, [311].
Smith, Colonel Baird, his excavation at Kutub pillar, [481].
Smith, Dr., his astronomical theory, [7].
'Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge' cited, [510] et seq.
Smyrna, date of tombs at, [32].
Smyth, Piazzi, his theories, [31], [91].
Snake theory, seeStukeley, Dr.
Snio, king, where slain, [279].
Spain, writers on its rude-stone monuments, [377];
dolmens there, ib.;
dolmen race, [378];
its navigation, in which direction, [378] et seq.;
prehistoric race in Spain, [379];
its characteristics, ib.;
and non-use of stone in prehistoric times, ib.;
Iberians, Celtiberians, Turanians, ib.;
Carthaginians, Romans, [381];
Moors' easy conquest proves earlier settlements in Spain, ib.;
Spanish race of Heremon in Ireland, ib.;
Spaniards, Siloros, migrate to Britain, ib.;
part occupied by them in Ireland, [382];
date of Heremon, [383];
light thrown by rude-stone monuments on connexion of Spain and
Ireland, ib.;
Roman architecture, its influence upon rude-stone monuments, [394].
Spaniards in Ireland, [227].
Spring Farm, [117].
Square enclosures in North America, [511-12].
Squares in Algeria, [399];
four cairns enclosed in squares, [402].
Squier and Davis, Messrs., their survey of America, [510] et seq.
St. Augustine's monastery, [23].
St. Barbe, [354];
head of column at, [355].
St. Columba, [227];
converts Picts, [248];
visits King Brude, [267];
language of Picts unknown to, [271].
St. Front, Périgueux, church, [330].
St. Germain-sur-Vienne, [336].
SeeConfolens.
St. Helier, cells at, [52].
St. Jerome cited as to barbarism of Irish, [235].
St. Malo, Maximus and British landed there, [374].
St. Pancras, heathen fane consecrated to, [22].
St. Patern, a Breton, his death, [373].
St. Patrick fails to convert Leoghaire, [195];
legend of him and demons, [227].
St. Servan, battle near, [374].
St. Vigean's stone, [273].
Stand Low find, [13].
Stanton Drew circles, [64];
not observatories, [7];
circles at, [148];
similar to those in Derbyshire and Cumberland in purpose and date,
ib.;
plan of, [149];
oval, ib.;
avenues, [150];
Kingstone, ib.;
Stukeley's interpolation of serpentine avenues, ib.;
ruins of dolmens, [151];
tradition as to Keyna, ib.;
date of, [151-2];
belongs to Arthurian age, [152];
scene of Arthur's 9th battle, ib.;
meaning of "Stanton," ib.;
Maes Knoll, [153];
meaning of word Maes, ib.;
similarity to Stennis, [256-7].
Stanton Moor circle, [48], [49].
Stanley, Hon. W. C., circles enumerated by, [162];
cist found by, at Plas Newydd, [166].
Stawell, Lord, excavation directed by, at Avebury, [74-5].
Stennis, [241];
dolmen, ib.;
great circle like English ones, [161];
like Stanton Drew, [257];
date, ib.;
countless barrows, ib.;
magnificent effect of group, ib.;
circles and barrows belong to different and what races, ib.;
dates thereof, ib.
Steppes, importance of exploring with reference to Turanian origin of
dolmens, [447] et seq.;
tumuli, [448-9];
images of dead on tombs, [449];
usages as to interments and sepulchres, ib.;
four-cornered grave, ib.;
tumulus at Alexandropol, [450];
find, [451];
uncovered base of tumulus, ib.;
genesis of circles, ib.;
Tartar and European tombs cognate, but not of same origin as Western
dolmen or circles, or menhirs, [452];
Haxthausen's example an exception, ib.;
examples in the Steppes carved, ib.
Stiklastad in Norway, battle at, [291].
"Stone of Destiny," where now, [382].
Stone tables, [425].
Stone temples, no classical writer connects Druids with, [20].
Stonehenge, theories respecting, [3], [4];
not an observatory, [7];
not alluded to by Diodorus, [8];
ill-judged proceedings as to, [15];
age of, [17];
not mentioned by Roman writers, [20];
plans, [89], [90], [91], [92], [93];
circles, [100-3];
Sarsen or bluestones, [92-7];
trilithons, [95], [98], [100];
means of transport, [95-6];
who erected, [97];
intermediate circle, ib.;
mere stones more numerous, [98];
was Stonehenge a temple, [99];
why hewn stones there, ib.;
erected leisurely, ib.;
trilithons called gates by Olaus, [101];
question as to priority in time of the barrows or stone monuments,
ib.;
connexion between circles and British villages, [102];
diggings there, [104];
map of country around, [102];
its builders not Christians, [104];
whether sepulchral, [112], [116];
why erected and by whom, [106], [116].
SeeAlignments, Avenues, Barrows, Bluestones, Finds, Sarsens.
Stones, worship of, forbidden, [24-6].
Stoney Littleton, chambered tumulus, [166];
grave intended to be covered, [164];
post-Roman, [289].
Strabo, account of Druids by, [5];
of temple by, [21];
barbarism of early Irish, [235].
Stuart, Glennie, and Kendal, W., assign Scottish birthplace and
campaign to Arthur, [134].
Stuart, J., cited, [52], [239];
as to diggings at Rayne, [264-5].
Stukeley, Dr., wild theory of, [3], [4], [15], [21], [64];
adopted by Sir R. C. Hoare, [5];
misunderstands text of Diodorus, [8];
drawings by, [44];
his visit to Shap, [129];
compared in one respect to Boece, [135];
his serpent interpolation at Stanton Drew, [150];
his snake bit, [151].
Stupas in India, [41].
Suetonius, Druids met by, [5].
Sûf, dolmens near, [442].
Suhm, cited as to date of Lothbrok victories, [290].
Summit interments, [166].
SeeInterments.
Sun worship forbidden, [25].
Sutherland, Duchess of, her etchings of ruins in Orkneys, [241].
Swansea, Arthur's Quoit at, [170].
Sweden, South, megalithic remains in, [15];
circles, [47];
dolmens in, [301].
Swen Grate, King, [291].
Sylhet, Mohammedan kingdom, [466].
Symbol stage, none in Ireland, [59].
Syria, trilithons in, [100].
TABLE-STONES, [435-6].
Tabriz circle, [453].
Tacitus cited as to three races in Britain, [162].
Tailten, Talton, or Telltown, burial of Irish kings there, [199];
of Lough Crew, [219] et seq.;
fair in honour of Magh Mor, King of Spain, [186].
Táin Bó Chuailgne, [196].
Talyots, or talayots, [434] et seq.;
in Balearic isles, [410], [415].
Tamulians not builders of rude-stone monuments in India, [477].
Tantalais tumulus, [32].
Tara, Hill of, remains at, [193];
early celebrity of, ib.;
capital of Firbolgs and Dananns, [190], whence the name, [382].
Tartar tombs, [451].
Taylor, Col. Meadows, cited as to Indian dolmens, [469];
and Shahpoor monuments, [485].
Teamair, wife of Heremon, [382].
Tee in Tope, [46];
in rock at Ajunta, [47], [491];
as connecting links between Eastern and Western dolmens, [489-90].
Temples, what structures not, [512];
megalithic remains not, [20] et seq.
Seemounds.
Teocallis, Mexican, what, [514].
"Things," meaning of word, [26].
Thomas, Lieut., his account of monuments in the Orkneys, [241], [248].
Thorfin, [250];
sons of, [528];
where buried, [249];
battle between them and Liotr, [528].
Three Ages, Danish doctrine of, [9];
illusive application of, [10].
Thunder-stone at Shap, [129], [130].
Thurnam, his work on British Skulls, [35], [36], [72];
his inference from finds, [165], [286];
as to West Kennet, [287].
Thyra, monument of Queen, [27], [250];
finds, [297].
Tia Huanaco, ruins at, not like those attributed to Druids, [518];
what they were, [519].
Tigernach, his date of Queen Meave's death, [184];
of Crimthann's, [190].
Tika received by Rajahs from Bhils, [459].
Tin, route of ancient British commerce in, [334].
Toda tribe in India, [459].
SeeBhil.
Toltecs, buildings of, [515].
Tollington, supposed avenue at, [117-9];
obelisks at, [117].
Tombs--of Alyattes, [3];
Atridæ, [32], [33];
Cocumella, [33];
Cœre, [33];
Regulini Galeassi, [34];
of great men marked by megalithic monuments, [15];
of Isidorus, [100];
Tartar, [451];
Nilgiri hills, [473].
Toope, Dr., his letter to Aubrey respecting Hakpen Hill, [76], [77].
Tooth-relic, worship of, [504].
Topes in India found blind, [80].
SeeDagoba.
Tormore, [261].
Towers, round, at Brechin and Abernethy, [271].
Town of the Stone of the Strangers, [229].
Tras os Montes dolmens, [378].
Tree-worship forbidden, [24], [25].
Trepucò talyot, [435].
Triads, Welsh authority for interments at Stonehenge, [110];
as to stone of Cetti, [173];
value of, as authority, ib.
Triangular monuments, [315];
perhaps cuneatus ordo of Olaus Magnus, ib.
Trie, holed dolmens, [343].
Trilithons at Stonehenge, [99];
connexion with dolmens, [100];
in Sligo, [108];
at Ksaea at Elkeb, [412];
Hauran, [445].
Tripoli, trilithons at Ksaea, [411];
Elkel with holes, [411-2];
compared to Hindu Yoni, [412];
Buddhist monument at Bangkok, [43].
Tuatha de Dananns, seeDananns.
Tuathal, authentic history begins with, [196];
"the accepted," [197].
Tumiac tumulus and find, [366].
Tumuli, [29];
different kinds of, ib.(seeBarrows, Pyramids, Tombs);
history of inhumation, [30];
Troy, [32];
Roman, [84];
truncated cones, ib.;
spoliation of their own ancestors' tombs by Northmen, [300];
Kemp How at Shap, [130];
find at, ib.;
chambered tumuli, [166], [168];
Freyrsö, [291];
certain Danish, identical with some in Auvergne, [323];
tumuli by thousands in the east of France, [327];
finds, ib.;
numerous in Etruria, [392];
peculiarity of tumuli in North Africa, [399];
plan and elevation of two sepulchral monuments, ib.;
not battle-field, [400];
quadruple circles, ib.;
tumuli chambered in Lydia and Kertch, [446];
kouloba on hill of cinders, ib.;
find there, [446-7];
tumuli in the Steppes, [448];
at Alexandropol, [450];
finds there, ib.;
uncovered base of, at Nikolajew, [451];
Tartar tumuli perhaps models of Western, [452].
Turanian origin of dolmens, theory of, how to be proved or
disproved, [448];
Turanian race in Europe, [507].
Twining's strange map theory, [76].
Tyrebagger, circle at, [263].
Tynwald Mount, [71].
Tyrrheni, seePelasgi.
U, buried dolmen at, [310];
chamber, [311].
Udyagiri Hills, Buddhist caves in, [460].
Uekermark, dolmen at, [301].
Uelzen, dolmen with enclosures near, [308].
Uffington Castle, monuments near, [121];
why constructed, [123].
Uley, [163];
chambered grave, [163], [166];
post-Roman, [289].
Ultonians, tombs of, [219], [220].
Upland, Danish prince killed at, [291].
Urn found in cairn of One Man, [179].
VAISALI, convocation at, [501].
Valdbygaards, two dolmens in enclosure, [308].
Vallancy, wild speculations of, [175], [207].
Vancouver's Island, natives of, whether mound-builders, [517].
Vannes, Museum of, [326].
Vedas, date of, [455].
Veneti, Cæsar's naval battle with, [20], [37];
hence what inference of age of monuments, [372];
iron nails used by, [37].
Verneilh, Felix de, his 'Byzantine Architecture in France,' [332].
Vestal Virgins, no just analogy of Nuns, to, [499].
Vetta, his name on Cat stone, [57];
supposed grandfather of Hengist and Horsa, [271].
Via Badonica, under Silbury Hill, [20].
Vicars, Mr., surveys Carnac, [350].
Vicramaditya, his capital, [459].
Viharas, early date and growth of, in India, [501].
Vikings, [303-4];
grave, [315], [317].
Vinland, America peopled through, [516].
Viraculls, what, [483].
Vitoria, dolmens in, [378].
Voguë's, De, plates of Roman tombs in the Hauran, [445].
Vortigern, victory of, at Aylesfor, [119].
Vulci, tomb at, [33].
WADEN HILL, where and what it is, site of what battle, [88-9].
Wales, Druids in, when [6];
dolmen-building race, [274].
Walhouse, Mr., cited, [479].
Walker, Mr., his find at Knock na Rea, [185].
Wansdyke, barrier against Welsh, [87], [88], [89].
Ware, statement of, as to Giant stones in Kildare, [108];
circles in, [162].
Waterloo, mound at, [56].
Wayland Smith's Cave in Berkshire, used by Scott in 'Kenilworth,' [122];
what it was, [123-4];
great circle there, [161].
Webb's reply to Dr. Charleton respecting Stonehenge, [3].
Welsh Gate, what and where it was, [87-89].
Welsh Triads, seeTriads.
West Kennet, [4];
its similarity to barrow in Denmark, [283] et seq.
SeeBarrow.
Western Islands, no Druids in, [6].
White Horse, near Uffington, described by Mr. T. Hughes, [121].
Wilde, Sir W., his residence at Moytura, [176];
his work, [177], [202] et seq.
Wildesheim, dolmen at, [301].
Wilkinson, Sir Gardner, observations on Long Meg, [127];
on Arbor Low, [139], and Gib Hill, [141];
his corrections to Croker's survey of Stanton Drew, [150];
dolmen at Gower opened by, [171].
Wilson, Captain, his survey of Clava, [265].
Wilson, Daniel, dolmen mentioned by, in Argyllshire, [273].
Wilson's 'Prehistoric Annals,' [239];
his remarks upon Daw's theory as to origin, [253].
Wiltshire, Sir R. C. Hoare's work on, [5].
Wisconsin and Ohio, how first peopled, [516].
Woden myth, its allusion to Indian
origin, [496];
Woden not Sakya Muni, [496].
Woking, principle of selection of, as cemetery, [131];
not applied by ancients, [131].
Wood worship forbidden, [25];
early employment of, in Indian architecture, [492].
Wood Castle, circle at, [129] note;
Arthur's battle there, [135].
Wormius Olaus, correspondence with Dr. Charleton respecting
Stonehenge, [3];
mentions dolmens with square enclosures, [307].
Worsaae cited as to Scandinavian monuments, [297] et seq.
Wright, Mr., account of monuments at Aylesford, [118].
SeeAylesford.
Written history, errors of, [113];
deficiency of, supplied by monuments, [113];
and by architectural study, [113];
uncertain accounts of King Arthur, [114].
Wurm Knot in Maes-Howe, [245].
YARHOUSE, battle at, [529].
Yarrow, inscription in stone at, [272].
Yucatan, [516];
carved stone monuments, [517].
Yule, Col., his 'Cathay,' [488] note.
ZANA, Queen, [404].
Zealand, seeBilk Valdbygaards.

THE END.

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET,
AND CHARING CROSS.

WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE IN ALL COUNTRIES, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. With 1200 Illustrations. 2 vols. 8vo. 84s. London, Murray, 1865-7.

HISTORY OF THE MODERN STYLES OF ARCHITECTURE. Forming the Third Volume of the 'History of Architecture.' With 312 Illustrations. 8vo. 31s. 6d. London, Murray, 1862.