200. The earliest form of the Christian doctrine of the atonement was that the Devil killed Jesus in ignorance of his divine nature. The Devil was thus deceived into doing what he had no right to do, consequently he was obliged to pay for this by giving up the souls of sinners to which he had a right. The Osiris myth of the death of a god, which deeply colored the mysteries of Adonis and Eleusis, took its last form im this peculiar doctrine of atonement.
201. Hase, Kirchengeschichte, § 87.
202. Which continues in Christianity, in spite of Paul's plain statement, "Thou sowest not the body which shall be."
203. Serapis was not a god of the Pharaonic times, but came into Egypt under the Ptolemies. But lately M. Mariette has shown that Serapis was the dead bull Apis = Osiris-Apis. (Ὀσοραπις.)
204. Mr. Grote (Vol. II. p. 222, American edition) refers to Strabo's remark on the great superiority of Europe over Asia and Africa in regard to the intersection and interpenetration of the land by the sea. He also quotes Cicero, who says that all Greece is in close contact to the sea, and only two or three tribes separated from it, while the Greek islands swim among the waves with their customs and institutions. He says that the ancients remarked the greater activity, mutability, and variety in the life of maritime nations.
205. Mr. Buckle is almost the only marked exception. He nowhere recognizes the doctrine of race.
206. The ox is, in Sanskrit go or gaûs, in Latin bos, in Greek βοῦς.
The horse is, in Sanskrit açva, in Zend açpa, in Greek ἵππος, in Latin equus.
The sheep is, in Sanskrit avis, in Latin ovis, in Greek ὄϊs.
The goose is, in Sanskrit hansa, in Latin anser, in Old German kans, in Greek χήν.