Footnote 338: [(return)]
Sir H.H. Johnson, British Central Africa (London, 1897), pp. 426, 439.
Footnote 339: [(return)]
W.H.R. Rivers, The Todas (London, 1906), pp. 290-292.
Footnote 340: [(return)]
Lieut. R. Stewart, "Notes on Northern Cachar," Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal xxiv. (1855) p. 612.
Footnote 341: [(return)]
A. Bastian, Die Völker des östlichen Asien, ii. (Leipsic, 1866) pp. 49 sq.; Shway Yoe, The Burman (London, 1882), ii. 325 sq.
Footnote 342: [(return)]
G. Schlegel, Uranographie Chinoise (The Hague and Leyden, 1875), pp. 139-143; C. Puini, "Il fuoco nella tradizione degli antichi Cinesi," Giornale della Società Asiatica Italiana, i. (1887) pp. 20-23; J.J.M. de Groot, Les Fétes annuellement célébrées à Émoui (Amoy) (Paris, 1886), i. 208 sqq. The notion that fire can be worn out with age meets us also in Brahman ritual. See the Satapatha Brahmana, translated by Julius Eggeling, Part i. (Oxford, 1882) p. 230 (Sacred Books of the East, vol. xii.).
Footnote 343: [(return)]
W.G. Aston, Shinto, The Way of the Gods (London, 1905), pp. 258 sq., compare p. 193. The wands in question are sticks whittled near the top into a mass of adherent shavings; they go by the name of kedzurikake ("part-shaved"), and resemble the sacred inao of the Aino. See W.G. Aston, op. cit. p. 191; and as to the inao, see Spirits of the Corn and of the Wild, ii. 185, with note 2.
Footnote 344: [(return)]
Ovid, Fasti, iii. 82; Homer, Iliad, i. 590, sqq.
Footnote 345: [(return)]
Philostiatus, Heroica, xx. 24.
Footnote 346: [(return)]
Ovid, Fasti, iii. 143 sq.; Macrobius, Saturn, i. 12. 6.
Footnote 347: [(return)]
Festus, ed. C.O. Müller (Leipsic, 1839), p. 106, s.v. "Ignis." Plutarch describes a method of rekindling the sacred fire by means of the sun's rays reflected from a hollow mirror (Numa, 9); but he seems to be referring to a Greek rather than to the Roman custom. The rule of celibacy imposed on the Vestals, whose duty it was to relight the sacred fire as well as to preserve it when it was once made, is perhaps explained by a superstition current among French peasants that if a girl can blow up a smouldering candle into a flame she is a virgin, but that if she fails to do so, she is not. See Jules Lecoeur, Esquisses du Bocage Normand (Condé-sur-Noireau, 1883-1887), ii. 27; B. Souché, Croyances, Présages et Traditions diverses (Niort, 1880), p. 12. At least it seems more likely that the rule sprang from a superstition of this sort than from a simple calculation of expediency, as I formerly suggested (Journal of Philology, xiv. (1885) p. 158). Compare The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings> ii. 234 sqq.