Footnote 568: [(return)]

See below, p. [225].

Footnote 569: [(return)]

Above, pp. [146] sqq.; The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings, ii. 59 sqq.

Footnote 570: [(return)]

(Sir) John Rhys, Celtic Folk-lore, Manx and Welsh (Oxford, 1901), i. 316, 317 sq.; J.A. MacCulloch, in Dr. James Hastings's Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, iii. (Edinburgh, 1910) s.v. "Calendar," p. 80, referring to Kelly, English and Manx Dictionary (Douglas, 1866), s.v. "Blein." Hogmanay is the popular Scotch name for the last day of the year. See Dr. J. Jamieson, Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language, New Edition (Paisley, 1879-1882), ii. 602 sq.

Footnote 571: [(return)]

(Sir) John Rhys, Celtic Folk-lore, Welsh and Manx, i. 316 sq.

Footnote 572: [(return)]

Above, p. [139].

Footnote 573: [(return)]

See Adonis, Attis, Osiris, Second Edition, pp. 309-318. As I have there pointed out, the Catholic Church succeeded in altering the date of the festival by one day, but not in changing the character of the festival. All Souls' Day is now the second instead of the first of November. But we can hardly doubt that the Saints, who have taken possession of the first of November, wrested it from the Souls of the Dead, the original proprietors. After all, the Saints are only one particular class of the Souls of the Dead; so that the change which the Church effected, no doubt for the purpose of disguising the heathen character of the festival, is less great than appears at first sight.

Footnote 574: [(return)]

In Wales "it was firmly believed in former times that on All Hallows' Eve the spirit of a departed person was to be seen at midnight on every cross-road and on every stile" (Marie Trevelyan, Folk-lore and Folk-stories of Wales, London, 1909, p. 254).

Footnote 575: [(return)]

E. J. Guthrie, Old Scottish Customs (London and Glasgow, 1885), p. 68.

Footnote 576: [(return)]

A. Goodrich-Freer, "More Folklore from the Hebrides," Folk-lore, xiii. (1902) p. 53.

Footnote 577: [(return)]

(Sir) Jolin Rhys, Celtic Heathendom (London and Edinburgh, 1888), p. 516.