[188] Dionysius Halicarn. Antiquit. Roman. vi. 13; Cicero, De natura deorum, ii. 2. 6.
CHAPTER III—Sympathetic Magic
[189] The expression Homoeopathic Magic was first used, so far as I am aware, by Mr. Y. Hirn (Origins of Art (London, 1900), p. 282). The expression Mimetic Magic was suggested by a writer in Folk-lore (viii. 1897, p. 65), whom I believe to be Mr. E. S. Hartland. The expression Imitative Magic was used incidentally by me in the first edition of The Golden Bough (vol. ii. p. 268).
[190] That magic is based on a mistaken association of ideas was pointed out long ago by Professor E. B. Tylor (Primitive Culture,² i. 116), but he did not analyse the different kinds of association.
[191] It has been ingeniously suggested by Mr. Y. Hirn that magic by similarity may be reduced to a case of magic by contact. The connecting link, on his hypothesis, is the old doctrine of emanations, according to which everything is continually sending out in all directions copies of itself in the shape of thin membranes, which appear to the senses not only as shadows, reflections, and so forth, but also as sounds and names. See Y. Hirn, Origins of Art (London, 1900), pp. 293 sqq. This hypothesis certainly furnishes a point of union for the two apparently distinct sides of sympathetic magic, but whether it is one that would occur to the savage mind may be doubted.
[192] For the Greek and Roman practice, see Theocritus, Id. ii.; Virgil, Ecl. viii. 75–82; Ovid, Heroides, vi. 91 sq.; id. Amores, iii. 7. 29 sq.; R. Wünsch, “Eine antike Rachepuppe,” Philologus, lxi. (1902) pp. 26–31.
[193] Henry’s Travels among the Northern and Western Indians, quoted by the Rev. Jedediah Morse, Report to the Secretary of War of the United States on Indian Affairs (Newhaven, 1822), Appendix, p. 102. I have not seen Henry’s book.
[194] Peter Jones, History of the Ojebway Indians, p. 146; W. H. Keating, Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter’s River (London, 1825), ii. 159; J. G. Kohl, Kitschi-Gami, ii. 80. Similar practices are reported among the Illinois, the Mandans, and the Hidatsas of North America (Charlevoix, Histoire de la Nouvelle France, vi. 88; Maximilian, Prinz zu Wied, Reise in das Innere Nord-America, ii. 188; Washington Matthews, Ethnography and Philology of the Hidatsa Indians, p. 50), and the Aymaras of Bolivia and Peru (D. Forbes, “On the Aymara Indians of Bolivia and Peru,” Journal of the Ethnological Society of London, ii. (1870) p. 236).
[195] C. Lumholtz, Unknown Mexico (London, 1903), i. 485 sq.