[366] “In the Alcheringa lived ancestors who, in the native mind, are so intimately associated with the animals or plants the names of which they bear that an Alcheringa man of, say, the kangaroo totem may sometimes be spoken of either as a man-kangaroo or as a kangaroo-man. The identity of the human individual is often sunk in that of the animal or plant from which he is supposed to have originated” (Spencer and Gillen, Native Tribes of Central Australia, p. 119).
[367] Franz Boas, in Sixth Report on the North-Western Tribes of Canada, p. 45 (separate reprint from the Report of the British Association for 1890).
[368] A. C. Haddon in Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xix. (1890) p. 427; Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits, v. 333, 338.
[369] A. C. Kruyt, “Het koppensnellen der Toradja’s,” Verslagen en Mededeelingen der konink. Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Letterkunde, IV. Reeks, III. Deel (Amsterdam, 1899), pp. 203 sq. I follow the experienced Messrs. N. Adriani and A. C. Kruijt (Kruyt) in calling the natives of Central Celebes by the name of Toradjas, though that name is not used by the people themselves, but is only applied to them in a derogatory sense by the Buginese. It means no more than “inlanders.” The people are divided into a number of tribes, each with its own name, who speak for the most part one language but have no common name for themselves collectively. See Dr. N. Adriani, “Mededeelingen omtrent de Toradjas van Midden-Celebes,” Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal- Land- en Volkenkunde, xliv. (1901) p. 221.
[370] J. W. Thomas, “De jacht op het eiland Nias,” Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal- Land- en Volkenkunde, xxvi. 277.
[371] Van Schmid, “Aanteekeningen nopens de zeden, gewoonten en gebruiken, benevens de vooroordeelen en bijgeloovigheden der bevolking van de eilanden Saparoea, Haroekoe, Noessa Laut,” Tijdschrift voor Neêrlands Indië, 1843, dl. ii. pp. 601 sq.
[372] B. A. Hely, “Notes on Totemism, etc., among the Western Tribes,” British New Guinea, Annual Report for 1894–95, p. 56.
[373] E. Aymonier, “Notes sur les coutumes et croyances superstitieuses des Cambodgiens,” Cochinchine française: excursions et reconnaissances, No. 16 (Saigon, 1883), p. 157.
[374] James Macdonald, Religion and Myth (London, 1893), p. 5.
[375] A. G. Morice, “Notes, archaeological, industrial, and sociological, on the Western Dénés,” Transactions of the Canadian Institute, iv. (1892–93) p. 108; id., Au pays de l’Ours Noir: chez les sauvages de la Colombie Britannique (Paris and Lyons, 1897), p. 71.