[860] Fr. Stuhlmann, Mit Emin Pascha ins Herz von Afrika (Berlin, 1894), p. 588.
[861] R. Sutherland Rattray, Some Folk-lore Stories and Songs in Chinyanja (London, 1907), pp. 118 sq.
[862] E. Doutté, Magie et Religion dans l’Afrique du Nord, p. 583.
[863] W. Weston, in The Geographical Journal, vii. (1896) p. 143; id., in Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxvi. (1897) p. 30; id., Mountaineering and Exploration in the Japanese Alps, p. 161. The ceremony is not purely magical, for it is intended to attract the attention of the powerful spirit who has a small shrine on the top of the mountain.
[864] J. Batchelor, The Ainu and their Folklore (London, 1901), p. 333. Some of the ancient processions with ships may perhaps have been rain-charms. See J. Grimm, Deutsche Mythologie,⁴ i. 213–220; Pausanias, i. 29. 1, with my note.
[865] Tournier, Notice sur le Laos Français (Hanoi, 1900), p. 80. In the temple of the Syrian goddess at Hierapolis on the Euphrates there was a chasm into which water was poured twice a year by people who assembled for the purpose from the whole of Syria and Arabia. See Lucian, De dea Syria, 12 sq. The ceremony was perhaps a rain-charm. Compare Pausanias, i. 18. 7, with my notes.
[866] Spencer and Gillen, Northern Tribes of Central Australia, pp. 313 sq.
[867] A. W. Howitt, “On Australian Medicine-Men,” Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xvi. (1887) p. 35; id., Native Tribes of South-East Australia, p. 398.
[868] R. Salvado, Mémoires historiques sur l’Australie (Paris, 1854), p. 262.
[869] W. Stanbridge, “On the Aborigines of Victoria,” Transactions of the Ethnological Society of London, N.S., i. (1861) p. 300. This use of fire to make rain is peculiar. By analogy we should expect it rather to be resorted to as a mode of stopping rain. See below.