[1190] R. Brough Smyth, Aborigines of Victoria, i. 457 sq.; compare id., ii. 270; A. W. Howitt, in Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xiii. (1884) p. 194, note; Spencer and Gillen, Northern Tribes of Central Australia, p. 632.
[1191] W. Cornwallis Harris, The Highlands of Ethiopia (London, 1844), i. 352. Compare Ph. Paulitschke, Ethnographie Nord-ost-Afrikas: die geistige Cultur der Danâkil, Galla und Somâl (Berlin, 1896), p. 28. Even where these columns or whirlwinds of dust are not attacked they are still regarded with awe. The Ainos believe them to be filled with demons; hence they will hide behind a tree and spit profusely if they see one coming (J. Batchelor, The Ainu and their Folklore, p. 385). In some parts of India they are supposed to be bhuts going to bathe in the Ganges (Denzil C. J. Ibbetson, Settlement Report of the Panipat, Tahsil, and Karnal Parganah of the Karnal District, p. 154). The Chevas and Tumbucas of South Africa fancy them to be the wandering souls of sorcerers (Zeitschrift für allgemeine Erdkunde, vi. (Berlin, 1856) pp. 301 sq.). The Baganda and the Pawnees believe them to be ghosts (J. Roscoe in Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxxii. (1902) p. 73; G. B. Grinnell, Pawnee Hero-Stories and Folk-tales, p. 357). Californian Indians think that they are happy souls ascending to the heavenly land (Stephen Powers, Tribes of California, p. 328). Once when a great Fijian chief died, a whirlwind swept across the lagoon. An old man who saw it covered his mouth with his hand and said in an awestruck whisper, “There goes his spirit!” (Rev. Lorimer Fison, in a letter to the author, dated August 26, 1898).
[1192] Herodotus, iv. 173; Aulus Gellius, xvi. 11. The Cimbrians are said to have taken arms against the tide (Strabo, vii. 2. 1).
CHAPTER VI—Magicians as Kings
[1193] The government of the western islanders of Torres Straits is similar. See A. C. Haddon, in Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits, v. 263 sq. So, too, the Bantoc Igorot of the Philippines have no chiefs and are ruled by councils of old men. See A. E. Jenks, The Bantoc Igorot (Manila; 1905), pp. 32 sq., 167 sq.
[1194] Spencer and Gillen, Native Tribes of Central Australia, pp. 9–15, 154, 159–205; id., Northern Tribes of Central Australia, pp. 20–27, 285–297, 309 sq., 316; A. W. Howitt, Native Tribes of South-East Australia, pp. 320–326.
[1195] A. W. Howitt, op. cit. p. 303.
[1196] A. W. Howitt, op. cit. p. 313.
[1197] A. W. Howitt, op. cit. p. 314.
[1198] A. W. Howitt, op. cit. pp. 297–299. For more examples of headmen who are also magicians see ib. pp. 301 sq., 302, 317.