[1252]. Above, vol. i. pp. 17 sq., vol. ii pp. [172] sq.
[1253]. The original root appears plainly in Diovis and Diespiter, the older forms of Jupiter (Varro, De lingua Latina, v. 66; Aulus Gellius, v. 12). The form Dianus is attested by an inscription found at Aquileia (Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, v. 783), and the form Jana by Varro (Rerum rusticarum, i. 37. 3) and Macrobius (Saturn. i. 9. 8). In Zeus, Dione, Jupiter, and Juno the old root DI appears in the expanded form DIV. As to the etymology of these names, see Ch. Ploix, “Les Dieux qui proviennent de la racine DIV,” Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris, i. (1868) pp. 213-222; G. Curtius, Grundzüge der griechischen Etymologie, 5th Ed., pp. 236 sq., 616 sq.; A. Vanicek, Griechisch-lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, i. 353 sqq.; W. H. Roscher, Lexikon der griech. u. röm. Mythologie, ii. 45 sq., 578 sq., 619; S. Linde, De Jano summo Romanorumdeo (Lund, 1891), pp. 7 sq.; J. S. Speijer, “Le Dieu romain Janus,” Revue de l’Histoire des Religions, xxvi. (1892) pp. 37-41; H. Usener, Götternamen, pp. 16, 35 sq., 326; P. Kretschmer, Einleitung in die Geschichte der griechischen Sprache, pp. 78 sqq., 91, 161 sq. Messrs. Speijer and Kretschmer reject the derivation of Janus from the root DI.
[1254]. As to Juno in these aspects, see L. Preller, Römische Mythologie, 3rd Ed., i. 271 sqq.; G. Wissowa, Religion und Kultus der Römer, pp. 117 sqq.; W. H. Roscher, Lexikon der griech. u. röm. Mythologie, ii. 578 sqq. As to Diana, see above, vol. i. p. 12, vol. ii. pp. [124], [128] sq.
[1255]. Ovid, Fasti, i. 89 sqq.; Macrobius, Sat. i. 9; Servius, on Virgil, Aen. vii. 610; Joannes Lydus, De mensibus, iv. 1 sq.
[1256]. Varro, quoted by Augustine, De civitate Dei, vii. 28; Joannes Lydus, De mensibus, iv. 2. Compare Macrobius, Sat. i. 9. 11. See R. Agahd, M. Terentii Varronis rerum divinarum libri I. XIV. XV. XVI. (Leipsic, 1898) pp. 117 sqq., 203 sq.
[1257]. Macrobius, Sat. i. 9. 15, i. 15. 19; Servius, on Virgil, Aen. vii. 610; Joannes Lydus, De mensibus, iv. 1. Prof. G. Wissowa thinks that sacrifices were offered to Janus as well as to Juno on the first of every month (Religion und Kultus der Römer, pp. 91 sq.); but this view does not seem to me to be supported by the evidence of Macrobius (Sat. i. 9. 16, i. 15. 18 sq.), to which he refers. Macrobius does not say that the first of every month was sacred to Janus.
[1258]. Arnobius, Adversus nationes, iii. 29.
[1259]. Virgil, Aen. xii. 138 sqq.; Ovid, Fasti, ii. 585 sqq.
[1260]. Cato, De agri cultura, 134; Virgil, Aen. viii. 357; Horace, Epist. i. 16. 59, compare Sat. ii. 6. 20; Pliny, Nat. Hist. xxxvi. 28; Juvenal, vi. 394; Martial, x. 28. 6 sq.; Aulus Gellius, v. 12. 5; Arnobius, Adversus nationes, iii. 29; H. Dessau, Inscriptiones Latinae selectae, Nos. 3320, 3322, 3323, 3324, 3325, 5047; G. Henzen, Acta fratrum Arvalium, p. 144; Athenaeus, xv. 46, p. 692 D, E.
[1261]. Augustine, De civitate Dei, vii. 9 sq.