The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 02 of 12)

by James George Frazer

|This explanation is confirmed by the double-headed idols which the Bush negroes of Surinam set to guard the entrances of their villages.| This explanation of the double-headed Janus at Rome is confirmed by the double-headed idol which the Bush negroes in the interior of Surinam regularly set up as a guardian at the entrance of a village. The idol consists of a block of wood with a human face rudely carved on each side; it stands under a gateway composed of two uprights and a cross-bar. Beside the idol generally lies a white rag intended to keep off the devil; and sometimes there is also a stick which seems to represent a bludgeon or weapon of some sort. Further, from the cross-bar hangs a small log which serves the useful purpose of knocking on the head any evil spirit who might attempt to pass through the gateway.[^[1270]] Clearly this double-headed fetish at the gateway of the negro villages in Surinam bears a close resemblance to the double-headed images of Janus which, grasping a stick in one hand and a key in the other, stood sentinel at Roman gates and doorways;[^[1271]] and we can hardly doubt that in both cases the heads facing two ways are to be similarly explained as expressive of the vigilance of the guardian god, who kept his eye on spiritual foes behind and before, and stood ready to bludgeon them on the spot. We may, therefore, dispense with the tedious and unsatisfactory explanations which the wily Janus himself fobbed off an anxious Roman enquirer.[^[1272]] In the interior of Borneo the Kenyahs generally place before the main entrance of their houses the wooden image of Balli Atap, that is, the Spirit or God (Balli) of the Roof, who protects the household from harm of all kinds.[^[1273]] But it does not appear that this divine watchman is provided with more than one face.

|Thus the King of the Wood at Nemi seems to have personated the great Aryan god of the oak, Jupiter or Janus, and to have mated with the oak-goddess Diana.| To apply these conclusions to the priest of Nemi, we may suppose that as the mate of Diana he represented originally Dianus or Janus rather than Jupiter, but that the difference between these deities was of old merely superficial, going little deeper than the names, and leaving practically unaffected the essential functions of the god as a power of the sky, the thunder, and the oak. If my analysis of this great divinity is correct, the original element in his composite nature was the oak. It was fitting, therefore, that his human representative at Nemi should dwell, as we have seen reason to believe he did, in an oak grove. His title of King of the Wood clearly indicates the sylvan character of the deity whom he served; and since he could only be assailed by him who had plucked the bough of a certain tree in the grove, his own life might be said to be bound up with that of the sacred tree. Thus he not only served but embodied the great Aryan god of the oak; and as an oak-god he would mate with the oak-goddess, whether she went by the name of Egeria or Diana. Their union, however consummated, would be deemed essential to the fertility of the earth and the fecundity of man and beast. Further, as the oak-god had grown into a god of the sky, the thunder, and the rain, so his human representative would be required, like many other divine kings, to cause the clouds to gather, the thunder to peal, and the rain to descend in due season, that the fields and orchards might bear fruit and the pastures be covered with luxuriant herbage. The reputed possessor of powers so exalted must have been a very important personage; and the remains of buildings and of votive offerings which have been found on the site of the sanctuary combine with the testimony of classical writers to prove that in later times it was one of the greatest and most popular shrines in Italy. Even in the old days when the champaign country around was still parcelled out among the petty tribes who composed the Latin League, the sacred grove is known to have been an object of their common reverence and care. And just as the kings of Cambodia used to send offerings to the mystic kings of Fire and Water far in the dim depths of the tropical forest, so, we may well believe, from all sides of the broad Latian plain the eyes and footsteps of Italian pilgrims turned to the quarter where, standing sharply out against the faint blue line of the Apennines or the deeper blue of the distant sea, the Alban Mountain rose before them, the home of the mysterious priest of Nemi, the King of the Wood. There, among the green woods and beside the still waters of the lonely hills the ancient Aryan worship of the god of the oak, the thunder, and the dripping sky lingered in its early, almost Druidical form, long after a great political and intellectual revolution had shifted the capital of Latin religion from the forest to the city, from Nemi to Rome.

INDEX

• Abbas Effendi, i. 402
• Abchases of the Caucasus, the, ii. [370]
• Abolition of the kingship at Rome, ii. [289] sqq.
• Abraham and Sarah, ii. [114]
• Acacia-tree worshipped, ii. [16]
• Achelous and Dejanira, ii. [161] sq.
• Achilles, ii. [278]
• Acorns as food, ii. [353], [355] sq.;
  • as fodder for swine, [354], [356]
• Adam of Bremen, ii. [364]
• Adonis at Byblus, i. 30
• —— and Venus (Aphrodite), i. 21, 25, 40, 41
• —— or Tammuz, ii. [346]
• Adoption, pretence of birth at, i. 74 sq.
• Adultery supposed to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. [107] sq., [114]
• Aeacus, ii. [278], [359]
• Aegira, priestess of Earth at, i. 381 sq.
• Aegisthus, ii. [281]
• Aeneas and the Golden Bough, i. 11, ii. [379];
  • his disappearance in a thunderstorm, [181]
• Aeolus, i. 326
• Aeschines, spurious epistles of, ii. [162] n. 2
• Aesculapius brings Hippolytus to life, i. 20;
  • at Cos, ii. [10]
• Africa, rise of magicians, especially rain-makers, to chieftainship and kingship in, i. 342 sqq., 352;
  • human gods in, 392 sqq.
• —— North, magical images in, i. 65 sq.
• Afterbirth (placenta), contagious magic of, i. 182-201;
  • placed in tree, 182, 187, 190, 191, 194, 199;
  • part of child’s spirit in, 184;
  • regarded as brother or sister of child, 189, 191, 192, 193;
  • regarded as a second child, 195;
  • seat of external soul, 200 sq.
• Agamemnon, ii. [279];
  • sceptre of, i. 365
• Agni, the fire-god, ii. [249]
• Agnihotris, Brahman fire-priests, ii. [247] sqq.
• Agriculture of the Nabataeans, ii. [100]
• Ainos, i. 60
• Akamba, the, ii. [317]
• Akikuyu, the, ii. [44], [150], [316], [317];
  • pretence of new birth among the, i. 75 sq., 96 sq.
• Alba Longa, the kings of, ii. [178] sqq., [268] sq.
• Alban Hills, i. 2
• —— Mountain, the, ii. [187] sq., [202]
• Albigenses, the, i. 407
• Alcheringa, legendary time, i. 98
• Alfai, priesthood of the, ii. [3]
• Algidus, Mount, ii. [187], [380]
• Algonquins, the, ii. [147]
• Amata, “Beloved,” title of Vestals, ii. [197];
  • Amata, wife of King Latinus, [197]
• Amboyna, ii. [28]
• Amenophis III., birth of, ii. [131] sqq.
• American Indians, power of medicine-men among the, i. 355 sqq.
• Amethyst, i. 165
• Ammon, the god, married to the Queen of Egypt, ii. [130] sqq.;
  • human wives of the god, [130] sqq.;
  • costume of the god, [133];
  • King of Egypt masqueraded as, [133];
  • at Thebes, high priests of, [134]
• Ammonite, black fossil, ii. [26], [27] n. 2
• Amphictyon, ii. [277]
• Amulius Sylvius, ii. [180]
• Anaitis, Oriental goddess, i. 16 sq., 37 n. 2
• Anatomie of Abuses, ii. [66]
• Anazarbus, the olives of, ii. [107]
• Ancestor-worship among the Bantu peoples, ii. [221];
  • in relation to fire-worship, [221]
• Ancestors, prayers to, i. 285, 287, 345, 352;
  • sacrifices to, 339;
  • souls of, in trees, ii. [30], [31], [32];
  • dead, regarded as mischievous beings, [221];
  • represented by sacred fire-sticks, [222] sqq.;
  • souls of, in the fire on the hearth, [232]
• Ancestral spirits worshipped at the hearth, ii. [221] sq.
• Ancestral tree, fire kindled from, ii. [221], [233] sq.
• Ancus Martius, his death, ii. [320]
• Andaman Islanders, ii. [253]
• Andania, ii. [122]
• Anderida, forest of, ii. [7]
• Andromeda and Perseus, ii. [163]
• Animals, homoeopathic magic of, i. 150 sqq.;
  • rain-making by means of, 287 sqq.
• Animism passing into polytheism, ii. [45]
• Anitos, spirits of ancestors, ii. [30]
• Anjea, mythical being, who causes conception in women, i. 100, 184
• Annals of Tigernach and Ulster, ii. [286]
• Annandale, Nelson, ii. [237] n.
• Anointing weapon which caused wound, i. 202 sqq.
• Antaeus, ii. [300]
• Antigone, death of, ii. [228] n. 5
• Antigonus, i. 391 n. 1
• Antimores of Madagascar, i. 354
• Apaches, land of the, i. 306
• Apepi, Egyptian fiend, i. 67
• Apes thought to be related to twins, i. 265
• Ap-hi, god of thunder and lightning, ii. [370]
• Aphrodite and Adonis, i. 25
• —— Askraia, i. 26
• Apollo, i. 384, 386;
  • at Delos, 32, 34 sq.;
  • at Delphi, 28;
  • grave of, at Delphi, 35;
  • Erithasean, ii. [121];
  • at Patara, [135]
• —— and Artemis, birthdays of, i. 32
• —— Diradiotes, i. 381
• Apologies offered to trees for cutting them down, ii. [18] sq., [36] sq.
• Apples at festival of Diana, i. 14, 16
• April 15th, sacrifice on, ii. [229], [326]
• —— 21st, date of the Parilia, ii. [325], [326]
• —— 23rd, St. George’s Day, ii. [330] sqq.
• —— 24th, in some places St. George’s Day, ii. [337], [343]
• Arab charms, i. 152, 153, 157, 165 sq., 181, 303
• Arabs of Moab, i. 276
• Aratus, sacrifices to, i. 105
• Araucanians of Chili, the, ii. [183]
• Arden, forest of, ii. [7]
• Ardennes, goddess of the, ii. [126]
• Aren palm-tree, ii. [22]
• Ariadne and Dionysus, ii. [138]
• Aricia, i. 3, 4, 10, ii. [2];
  • “many Manii at,” i. 22
• Arician grove, the sacred, i. 20, 22, ii. [115];
  • horses excluded from, i. 20
• Arikara Indians, i. 115
• Aristotle, ii. [137]
• Arkon, in Rügen, ii. [241] n. 4
• Armenia, rain-making in, i. 275 sq.
• Arrephoroi at Athens, the, ii. [199]
• Arrian, on sacrifices to Artemis, ii. [125] sq.
• Arrows shot at sacred trees, ii. [11];
  • fire-tipped, shot at sun during an eclipse, i. 311
• Artemis, temple dedicated to her by Xenophon, i. 7;
  • birthday of, i. 32, ii. [125];
  • the Asiatic, i. 7;
  • at Delos, 28;
  • of Ephesus, 7, 37 sq., ii. [128], [136];
  • a goddess of the wild life of nature, i. 35 sq.;
  • sacrifices to, ii. [125];
  • worshipped by the Celts, [125] sq.;
  • Saronian, i. 26;
  • Wolfish, 26 sq.
• —— and Apollo, birthdays of, i. 32;
  • and Hippolytus, 19 sq., 24 sqq.
• —— Parthenos, i. 36
• Arunta, the, of Central Australia, i. 98;
  • magical ceremonies among, 85 sqq.;
  • burial customs of the, 102
• Arval Brothers, the, ii. [203]
• Aryan god of the oak and thunder, ii. [356] sqq.;
  • god of the sky, [374] sq.
• Aryans, magical powers ascribed to kings among the, i. 366 sqq.;
  • perpetual fires among the, ii. [260];
  • female kinship among the, [283] sqq.
• Ascanius or Julus, ii. [197]
• Ascension Day, ii. [69], [166]
• Ashantee, licence accorded to king’s sisters in, ii. [274] sq.
• Ashes scattered as rain-charm, i. 304;
  • in magic, 314;
  • of unborn calves used in a fertility charm, ii. [229], [326]
• Asia Minor, pontiffs in, i. 47
• Assimilation of rain-maker to water, i. 269 sqq.
• Association of ideas, magic based on a misapplication of the, i. 221 sq.
• Assumption of the Virgin in relation to the festival of Diana, i. 14-16
• Astarte at Byblus, i. 30
• Atalante, ii. [301]
• Athenian sacrifices to the Seasons, i. 310
• Athens, barrow of Hippolytus at, i. 25;
  • new fire brought to, 32 sq.;
  • King and Queen at, 44 sq.;
  • marriage of Dionysus at, ii. [136] sq.;
  • female kinship at, [277]
• Atkinson, J. C., i. 199
• Atreus, ii. [279]
• Attacking the wind, i. 327 sqq.
• Attica, traces of female kinship in, ii. [284]
• Attis and Cybele (Mother of the Gods), i. 18, 21, 40, 41
• Atua, Polynesian term for god, i. 387 n. 1
• August, the Ides (13th) of, Diana’s day, i. 12, 14-17
• —— 15th, the day of the Assumption of the Virgin, i. 14-16
• Augustine on the one God, i. 121 n. 1
• Australia, aboriginal paintings in, i. 87 n. 1;
  • magic universally practised but religion nearly unknown among the aborigines of, 234;
  • government of old men in aboriginal, 334 sq.;
  • influence of magicians in aboriginal, 334 sqq.
• —— Central, magical ceremonies for the supply of food in, i. 85 sqq.
• Australian aborigines, magical images among the, i. 62;
  • ceremonies of initiation among the, 92 sqq.;
  • contagious magic of teeth among the, 176;
  • magic of navel-string and afterbirth among the, 183 sq.
• Autun, procession of goddess at, ii. [144]
• Auxesia and Damia, i. 39
• Avebury, Lord, i. 225 n.
• Aventine, Diana on the, ii. [128]
• Baal, prophets of, cutting themselves, i. 258
• Baalim, the, lords of underground waters, ii. [159]
• Babar Archipelago, i. 72, 131
• Babaruda, i. 273
• Babylon, magical images in ancient, i. 66 sq.;
  • sanctuary of Bel at, ii. [129] sq.
• Babylonian kings, divinity of the early, i. 417
• Bacchanals chew ivy, i. 384
• Bachofen, J. J., ii. [313] n. 1, [314] n. 1
• Bacon, Francis, on anointing weapon that caused wound, i. 202
• Badonsachen, King of Burma, i. 400
• Baganda, the, i. 395;
  • superstitions as to the navel-string and afterbirth (placenta), 195 sq.;
  • their customs in regard to twins, ii. [102] sq.;
  • their belief in the influence of the sexes on vegetation, [101] sq.;
  • Vestal Virgins among the, [246];
  • their list of kings, [269]
• Bagba, a fetish, i. 327
• Bagishu, i. 103
• Bahaus or Kayans of Borneo, ii. [40], [109]
• Bakers, Roman, required to be chaste, ii. [115] sq., [205]
• Balli Atap, ii. [385]
• Baloi, mythical beings, i. 177
• Bambaras, the, ii. [42]
• Banana-tree, wild, supposed to fertilise barren women, ii. [318]
• Bandicoot in rain-charm, i. 288
• Bangalas, the, ii. [293]
• Banks’ Islanders, i. 314
• Bantu peoples, ancestor-worship among the, ii. [221]
• Banyai, chieftainship among the, ii. [292]
• Banyoro, the, ii. [322];
  • king of the, as rain-maker, i. 348
• Baobab-trees, ii. [47]
• Baptist, St. John the, i. 277
• Bar-tree (Ficus Indica), ii. [25], [43]
• Barea, the, ii. [3]
• Barenton, fountain of, i. 306, 307
• Bari, rain-making among the, i. 346 sq.
• Barotse, the, i. 392 sq.
• Barren women, charms to procure offspring for, i. 70 sqq.;
  • thought to sterilise gardens, 142;
  • fertilised by trees, ii. [51], [56] sq., [316] sq.;
  • thought to blight the fruits of the earth, [102];
  • fertilised by water-spirits, [159] sqq.
• Basilai at Olympia, i. 46 n. 4
• Basoga, the, ii. [19], [112]
• Basutos, the, i. 71, 177
• Bath before marriage, intention of, ii. [162]
• Bathing as a rain-charm, i. 277 sq.
• Battas or Bataks of Sumatra, i. 71, 398 sq., ii. [108]
• Battus, King, i. 47
• Bayfield, M. A., ii. [228] n. 5
• Bean, sprouting of, in superstitious ceremony, i. 266
• Beasts, sacred, in Egypt held responsible for failure of crops, i. 354
• Bechuana charms, i. 150 sq.
• Bechuanas, the, i. 313
• Bedouins, fire-drill of the ancient, ii. [209]
• Beech-woods of Denmark, ii. [351]
• Beena marriage, ii. [271]
• Bees, the King Bees (Essenes) at Ephesus, ii. [135] sq.
• Bel of Babylon, ii. [129]
• Belep, the, of New Caledonia, i. 150
• Bell-ringing as a charm to dispel evil influences, ii. [343] sq.
• Benefits conferred by magic, i. 218 sq.
• Benin, king of, as a god, i. 396
• Benvenuto Cellini, ii. [197] n. 6
• Benzoni, G., i. 57 n.
• Bes, the god, ii. [133]
• Betsileo, the, i. 397
• Bevan, Professor A. A., ii. [210] n.
• Bezoar stone in rain-charms, i. 305
• Bhagavati, goddess of Cochin, i. 280
• Birch, crowns of, ii. [64];
  • leaves, girl clad in, [80];
  • tree dressed in woman’s clothes, [64];
  • a protection against witches, [54]
• Birth, pretence of, at adoption, i. 74 sq.;
  • at return of supposed dead man, 75;
  • at circumcision, 75 sq.;
  • simulation of a new, 380 sq.;
  • from the fire, ii. 195 sqq.
• Birthday, Greek custom of sacrificing to a dead man on his, i. 105
• Birthdays of Apollo and Artemis, i. 32
• “Birthplace of Rainy Zeus,” ii. [360]
• Black animals in rain-charms, i. 250, 290 sqq.;
  • colour in magic, 83;
  • in rain-making ceremonies, 269 sq.
• Blackfoot Indians, i. 116, 150;
  • their worship of the sun, ii. [146] sq.
• Bleeding trees, ii. [18], [20], [33]
• Blighting effect of illicit love on the fruits of the earth, ii. [107] sqq.
• Blindness, charm to cause, i. 147
• Blood drawn from virgin bride, i. 94;
  • shed at circumcision and subincision, uses of, 92, 94 sq.;
  • sympathetic connexion between wounded person and his shed blood, 205;
  • used to imitate rain, 256, 257 sq.;
  • as a means of inspiration, 381 sqq.;
  • offered to trees, ii. [13], [16], [34], [44], [47];
  • of pigs in purificatory rites, [107], [108], [109];
  • of incestuous persons, blighting effects attributed to the, [110] sq.;
  • reluctance to spill royal, [228];
  • smeared on sacred trees, [367]
• Blood, human, in intichiuma ceremonies, i. 85, sqq. 90, sqq.;
  • offered at grave, 90 sq.;
  • given to sick people, 91;
  • used to knit men together, 92
• Blood-stone, i. 165
• Bloomfield, Professor M., i. 229
• Boanerges, i. 266
• Bodio, fetish king, i. 353
• Bogomiles, the, i. 407
• Boiled meat offered to the Seasons, i. 310
• Bones of dead in magic, i. 148;
  • human, buried as rain-charm, 287;
  • burned as a charm against sorcery, ii. [330]
• Bonfires at midsummer, ii. [65]
• Bongo, the, i. 347
• Boni, G., ii. [186] n. 1
• Borewell, the, ii. [161]
• Borlase, W., ii. [67]
• Born thrice, said of Brahmans, i. 381
• Borneo, i. 59, 73;
  • beliefs as to the blighting effect of sexual crime in, ii. [108] sqq.
• Bororos, the, ii. [298]
• Bough, the Golden, plucked by Aeneas, i. 11, ii. [379];
  • the plucking of it not a piece of bravado, [123] sq.;
  • grew on an evergreen oak, [379]
• Boughs, green, a charm against witches, ii. [52]-55, [127].
  • See also [Branches]
• Bovillae, ii. [179]
• Bradbury, Professor J. B., ii. [139] n. 1
• Brahman, derivation of name, i. 229
• —— fire-priests, ii. [247] sqq.;
  • marriage ceremony, i. 160;
  • householder, temporary inspiration of, i. 380 sq.
• Brahmans deemed superior to the gods, i 226;
  • divinity of the, 403 sq.;
  • thrice-born, 381
• Branches dipped in water as a rain-charm, i. 248, 250, 309.
  • See also [Boughs]
• Brazil, Indians of, power of medicine-men among the, i. 358 sq.
• Breath, holy fire not to be blown upon with the, ii. [241]
• Brethren of the Free Spirit, i. 408;
  • of the Tilled Fields (Fratres Arvales), ii. [122]
• Brhaspati, as a magician, i. 241
• Bride tied to tree at marriage, ii. [57];
  • the Whitsuntide, [89], [96];
  • the May, [95];
  • race for a, [301] sqq.;
  • contests for a, [305] sqq.
• —— of God, the, i. 276
• —— race among Teutonic peoples, ii. [303] sqq.
• Bridegroom of May, ii. [91], [93]
• Bridget in Scotland and the Isle of Man, ii. [94] sq.
• Brigit, a Celtic goddess, ii. [95], [240] sqq.
• Brimo and Brimos, ii. [139]
• Brincker, Dr. P. H., ii. [224] n. 4
• Brooke, Rajah, i. 361
• Brotherhood formed with trees by sucking their sap, ii. [19] sq.
• Brothers reviled by sisters for good luck, i. 279
• Brown, A. R., ii. [254] n.
• Brown, Dr. George, i. 340
• Brunhild, Queen of Iceland, ii. [306]
• Brutus, L. Junius, ii. [290], [291]
• Bryant, Jacob, i. 334
• Buckthorn, a protection against witches, ii. [54], [191]
• Buddha, images of, drenched as a rain-charm, i. 308
• Buddhas, living, i. 410 sq.
• Buddhist animism not a philosophical theory, ii. [13] sq.
• Bühler, G., ii. [367] n. 3, [369]
• Bulgaria, rain-making in, i. 274
• Bull, the thunder-god compared to a, ii. [368]
• Bull-roarer used as a wind-charm, i. 324
• Bull’s blood drunk as means of inspiration, i. 381 sq.;
  • as ordeal, i. 382 n. 1
• Bulls, white, sacrificed, ii. [188] sq.
• Bunjil Kraura, i. 324
• Bunsen, on St. Hippolytus, i. 21 n. 2
• Burglars, charms employed by, to cause sleep, i. 148 sq.
• Burgundians and their kings, i. 366
• Burial alive, punishment of unfaithful virgins, ii. [244]
• —— customs intended to ensure re-incarnation, i. 101 sqq.
• Burma, magical images in, i. 62 sq.
• Burning of sacred trees or poles, ii. [141] sq.
• Burning-glass or mirror, fire kindled by, ii. [243], [244] n. 1
• Buryats, the, ii. [32]
• Bush negroes of Surinam, ii. [385]
• Bushmen, i. 123
• Butlers, Roman, required to be chaste, ii. [115] sq., [205]
• Buttmann, P., i. 40 n. 2
• Büttner, C. G., ii. [218]
• Byblus, Astarte at, i. 30
• Cabbages, charm to make cabbages grow, i. 136 sq.
• Cactus, sacred, telepathy in search for, i. 123 sq.
• Cadys, ii. [281]
• Caeculus born from the fire, ii. [197]
• Caelian hill at Rome, ii. [185]
• Caesar, Julius, his villa at Nemi, i. 5
• Caesars, their name derived from caesaries, ii. [180]
• Caingua Indians, the, ii. [258]
• Calah, ancient capital of Assyria, ii. [130]
• Caland, Dr. W., i. 229
• Caldwell, Bishop R., i. 382
• Calica Puran, i. 63
• Caligula, his barges on the lake of Nemi, i. 5;
  • and the priest of Nemi, 11
• Calmucks, race for a bride among the, ii. [301] sq.
• Cambodia, the regalia in, i. 365;
  • Kings of Fire and Water in, ii. [3] sqq.
• Cambridge, May Day custom at, ii. [62]
• Camden, W., ii. [53].
• Camillus, his triumph, ii. [174] n. 2
• Camphor, taboos observed in search for, i. 114 sq.;
  • telepathy in search for, 124 sq.
• Candaules, ii. [281], [282]
• Candlemas, ii. [94]
• Cannibalism in Australia, i. 106 sq.
• Cantabrians, mother-kin among the, ii. [285]
• Canute, King of England, his marriage with Emma, ii. [282] sq.
• Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, i. 99, 100
• Capena, the Porta, at Rome, i. 18
• Capitol, temple of Jupiter on the, ii. [174], [176], [184]
• Caprificatio, ii. [314] n. 2
• Caprificus, the wild fig-tree, ii. [314] sq.
• Car Nicobar, i. 314
• Caribs, war custom of the, i. 134
• Carna, nymph, ii. [190]
• Carpenter, son of, as a human god, i. 376
• Carpet-snakes, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 90
• Castor and Pollux, i. 49 sq.
• Cat in rain-charm, i. 289, 291, 308 sq.
• Cat’s cradle as a charm to catch the sun, i. 316 sq.
• Catlin, G., i. 356
• Cato the Elder on dedication of Arician grove to Diana, i. 22, 23
• Cato, on expiation, ii. [122]
• Cattle crowned, ii. [75], [126] sq., [339], [341];
  • charm to recover strayed, i. 212;
  • influence of tree-spirits on, ii. [55]
• —— stall, the, at Athens, ii. [137]
• Caul, superstitions as to, i. 187 sq., 190 sq., 199 sq.
• Caves, prehistoric paintings of animals in, i. 87 n. 1
• Cecrops, ii. [277];
  • said to have instituted marriage, [284]
• Cedar, sacred, ii. [49], [50] sq.;
  • smoke of, inhaled as mode of inspiration, i. 383 sq.
• —— tree, girl annually sacrificed to, ii. [17]
• —— wood burned as a religious rite, ii. [130]
• Celebes, i. 109;
  • magical virtue of regalia in, 362 sqq.
• Celtic divinity akin to Artemis, ii. [126]
• —— and Italian languages akin, ii. [189]
• —— Vestals, ii. [241] n. 1
• Celts, their worship of the Huntress Artemis, ii. [125] sq.;
  • their worship of the oak, [362] sq.;
  • of Gaul, their harvest festival, i. 17;
  • of Ireland, their belief in the blighting effect of incest, ii. [116]
• Ceos, funeral customs in, i. 105
• Ceremonies, initiatory, of Central Australian aborigines, i. 92 sqq.
• Chadwick, H. M., ii. [278] n. 1, [283] n. 1
• Chaka, the Zulu despot, i. 350
• Champion at English coronation ceremony, ii. [322]
• Chams, the, i. 120, 131, 144
• Chariot in rain-charm, i. 309
• —— and horses dedicated to the sun, i. 315
• Charles II. touches for scrofula, i. 368 sq.
• Charms to ensure long life, i. 168 sq.;
  • to prevent the sun from going down, 316 sqq.
  • See also [Magic]
• Chastity observed for sake of absent persons, i. 123, 124, 125, 131;
  • practised to make the crops grow, ii. [104] sqq.;
  • required of persons who handle dishes and food, [115] sq., [205];
  • Milton on, [118] n. 1;
  • as a virtue not understood by savages, [118];
  • observed by sacred men, perhaps the husbands of a goddess, [135], [136];
  • observed by sacred women, [137];
  • required in those who make fire by friction, [238] sq.
  • See also [Continence]
• Chauci, the, ii. [353]
• Cheremiss, the, ii. [44], [49]
• Cherokees, homoeopathic magic of plants among the, i. 144, 146 sq.;
  • homoeopathic magic of animals among the, i. 155 sq.
• Chibchas, the, i. 416
• Chi-chi Mama, i. 276
• Chiefs, supernatural power of, in Melanesia, i. 338 sqq.;
  • as magicians, especially rain-makers, in Africa, 342 sqq.;
  • not allowed to leave their premises, 349;
  • punished for drought and dearth, 352 sqq.;
  • as priests, ii. [215] sq.;
  • chosen from several families in rotation, [292] sqq.
• Chilcotin Indians, i. 312
• Child’s Well at Oxford, ii. [161]
• Childbirth, Diana as goddess of, i. 12, ii. [128]
• Children, newborn, brought to the hearth, ii. [232]
• Chili, sacred cedar, ii. [49], [50] sq.
• China, emperors of, i. 47;
  • homoeopathic magic of city sites in, 169 sq.;
  • the Emperor of, superior to the gods, 416 sq.
  • See also [Chinese]
• Chinchvad, human gods at, i. 405 sq.
• Chinese, magical images among the, i. 60 sq.
• —— belief in spirits of plants, ii. [14]
• —— charms to ensure long life, i. 168 sq.
• —— emperor responsible for drought, i. 355
• —— empire, incarnate human gods in the, i. 412 sqq.
• —— modes of compelling the rain-god to give rain, i. 297 sqq.
• —— superstition as to placenta (after-birth), i. 194
• Chingilli, the, i. 99
• Chios, kings of, i. 45
• Chissumpe, the, i. 393
• Chitomé, the, a pontiff of Congo, ii. [261]
• Christians, pretenders to divinity among, i. 407 sqq.
• Christs, Russian sect of the, i. 407 sq.
• Chuckchees, sacred fire-boards of the, ii. [225] sq.
• Churinga, in Australia, i. 88, 199, 335
• Cimbrians, the, i. 331 n. 2
• Ciminian forest, ii. [8]
• Circassians, their custom as to pear-trees, ii. [55] sq.
• Circumcision, pretence of new birth at, i. 76, 96 sq.;
  • uses of blood shed at, 92, 94 sq.;
  • suggested origin of, 96 sq.
• Cithaeron, Mount, ii. [140]
• Clans, paternal and maternal, of the Herero, ii. [217]
• Cleanliness promoted by contagious magic, i. 175, 342
• Clisthenes and Hippoclides, ii. [307] sq.
• Clitus and Pallene, ii. [307]
• Clothes, sympathetic connexion between a person and his, i. 205-207
• Clouds imitated by smoke, i. 249;
  • by stones, i. 256;
  • by rain-maker, 261, 262, 263
• Clouds, magicians painted in imitation of, i. 323
• Clove-trees in blossom treated like pregnant women, ii. [28]
• Cloves, ceremony to make cloves grow ii. [100]
• Clown in spring ceremonies, ii. [82], [89]
• Clytaemnestra, ii. [279]
• Cockatoos, ceremony for the magical multiplication of, i. 89
• Coco-nut sacred, ii. [51]
• —— palms worshipped, ii. [16]
• Codrington, Dr. R. H., quoted, i. 227 sq., 338
• Coligny calendar, i. 17 n. 2
• Collatinus, L. Tarquinius, ii. [290]
• Columella, ii. [314];
  • quoted, [205]
• Combat, mortal, for the kingdom, ii. [322]
• Communism, tradition of sexual, ii. [284]
• Compelling rain-gods to give rain, i. 296 sqq.
• Complexity of social phenomena, i. 332
• Comrie, ii. [161]
• Con or Cun, a thunder-god, ii. [370]
• Conception in women, supposed cause of, i. 100;
  • caused by trees, ii. [51], [56] sq., [316]-318
• Concord, temple of, at Rome, i. 11, 21 n. 2
• Concordia, nurse of St. Hippolytus, i. 21 n. 2
• Condor, the bird of the thunder-god, ii. [370]
• Confession of sins, i. 266
• Conflicts, sanguinary, as rain-charm, i. 258
• Conquerors sometimes leave a nominal kingship to the conquered, ii. [288] sq.
• “Consort, the divine,” ii. [131], [135]
• Consuls, the first, ii. [290]
• Consulship at Rome, institution of, ii. [290] sq.
• Contact or contagion in magic, law of, i. 52, 53
• Contagious Magic, i. 174-214;
  • of teeth, 176-182;
  • of navel-string and afterbirth (placenta), 182-201;
  • of wound and weapon, 201 sqq.;
  • of footprints, 207-212;
  • of other impressions, 213 sq.
• —— taboos, i. 117
• Contest for the kingship at Whitsuntide, ii. [89]
• Contests for a bride, ii. [305] sqq.
• Continence required in magical ceremonies, i. 88;
  • required at rain-making ceremonies, 257, 259;
  • required of parents of twins, 266;
  • practised in order to make the crops grow, ii. [104] sqq.
  • See also [Chastity]
• Conway, Professor R. S., ii. [379] n. 5
• Conybeare, F. C., i. 407 n. 3
• Cook, A. B., i. 23 n., 40 n. 3 and 4, 42 n. 1, ii. [172] n. 3, [173] n. 2, [177] n. 6, [178] n. 3, [187] n. 4, [220] n. 3, [290] n. 3, [307] n. 2, [321] n. 1, [358] n. 4, [379] n. 4 and n. 5, [380] n. 4, [383] n. 2
• Cooks, Roman, required to be chaste, ii. [115] sq., [205]
• Cora Indians, i. 55 sq.
• Corc, his purification, ii. [116]
• Corn, defiled persons kept from the, ii. [112];
  • reaped ear of, displayed at mysteries of Eleusis, [138] sq.
• —— -mother, the, at Eleusis, ii. [139]
• —— -reaping in Greece, date of, i. 32
• Cornel-tree, sacred, ii. [10]
• Cornish customs on May Day, ii. [52], [67]
• Corp chre, i. 68, 69
• Corpus Christi Day, ii. [163]
• Cos, King of, i. 45
• Crab in rain-charm, i. 289
• Crannogs, ii. [352]
• Crannon in Thessaly, i. 309
• Crawley, E., i. 201 n. 1
• Crocodiles, girls sacrificed to, ii. [152]
• Cronus and Zeus, ii. [323]
• Crooke, W., i. 406 n. 1, ii. [57] n. 4, [288] n. 1
• Cross River, i. 349
• Crossbills in magic, i. 81 sq.
• Crown of oak leaves, ii. [175], [176] sq., [184]
• Crowning cattle, ii. [75], [126] sq., [339], [341]
• —— dogs, custom of, i. 14, ii. [125] sq., [127] sq.
• Crowns, magical virtue of royal, i. 364 sq.;
  • of birch at Whitsuntide, ii. [64];
  • or wreaths, custom of wearing, [127] n. 2
• Crows in magic, i. 83
• Crystals, magic of, i. 176;
  • used in rain-making, 254, 255, 304, 345, 346
• Cumont, Professor Franz, ii. [310]
• Cup-and-ball as a charm to hasten the return of the sun, i. 317
• Curses, public, i. 45;
  • supposed beneficial effects of, i. 279 sqq.
• Cursing at sowing, i. 281
• —— fishermen and hunters for good luck, i. 280 sq.
• Curtiss, Professor S. I., i. 402
• Cuzco, ii. [243]
• Cybele, ii. [144] sq.;
  • and Attis, i. 18, 21, 40, 41
• Cyrene, kingship at, i. 47
• Daedala, festival of the, ii. [140] sq.
• Dainyal or Sibyl, i. 383
• Dalai Lama of Lhasa, i. 411 sq.
• Damaras or Herero, their fire-customs, ii. [211] sqq.
• Damia and Auxesia, i. 39
• Danaus, ii. [301]
• Dance at giving of oracles, i. 379;
  • of milkmaids on May-day, ii. [52]
• Dances of women while men are away fighting, i. 131-134;
  • as means of inspiration, 408 n. 1;
  • round sacred trees, ii. [47], [55];
  • found the May-pole, [65], [69], [74] sq.;
  • on graves, [183] n. 2
• Dancing as a fertility charm, i. 137 sqq., ii. [106]
• Danes, female descent of the kingship among the, ii. [282] sq.
• Daphnephoria, ii. [63] n. 2
• Date-month, the, ii. [25]
• —— -palm, artificial fertilisation of the, ii. [24] sq.
• Dawn, the rosy, i. 334
• Day of Stones, i. 279
• De Groot, J. J. M., i. 416 sq., ii. [14]
• Dead, hair offered to the, i. 31;
  • pretence of new birth at return of supposed dead man, 75;
  • homoeopathic magic of the, 147 sqq.;
  • sacrifices to, 163;
  • making rain by means of the, 284 sqq.;
  • trees animated by the souls of the, ii. [29] sqq.;
  • the illustrious, represented by masked men, [178];
  • thunder and lightning made by the, [183];
  • spirits of the, in wild fig-trees, [317]
• Death, pretence of, in magic, i. 84;
  • infection of, 143;
  • at ebb tide, 167 sq.;
  • puppet called, carried out of village, ii. [73] sq.
• Deceiving the spirits of plants and trees, ii. [22] sqq.
• Deir el Bahari, paintings at, ii. [131], [133]
• Deities duplicated through dialectical differences in their names, ii. [380] sq.
• Dejanira and Achelous, ii. [161] sq.
• Delivery, easy, granted to women by trees, ii. [57] sq.
• Delos, graves of Hyperborean maidens in, i. 28, 33 sqq.;
  • Apollo and Artemis at, 28, 32-35
• Delphi, Apollo at, i. 28;
  • new fire sent from, 32 sq.;
  • King of, 45 sq.
• Demeter and Zeus, their marriage at Eleusis, ii. [138] sq.
• Demetrius Poliorcetes deified at Athens, i. 390 sq.
• Denmark, Whitsun bride in, ii. [91] sq.;
  • the beech-woods of, [351]
• Dennett, R. E., ii. [277] n. 1
• Deòce, a divine spirit, i. 410
• Departmental kings of nature, ii. [1] sqq.
• Derry, the oaks of, ii. [242] sq.
• Devil-dancers, i. 382
• Dew on May morning, custom of washing in the, ii. [54], [67], [327], [339];
  • rolling in the, [333]
• “Dew-treading” in Holland, ii. [104] n. 2
• Dhurma Rajah, i. 410
• DI, Aryan root meaning “bright,” ii. [381]
• Dia, grove of the goddess, ii. [122]
• Dialectical differences a cause of the duplication of deities, ii. [382] sq.
• Diana, her sanctuary at Nemi, i. 2 sqq.;
  • as huntress at Nemi, 6;
  • as patroness of cattle, 7, ii. [124];
  • her priest at Nemi, i. 8 sqq.;
  • the Tauric, 10 sq., 24;
  • as goddess of childbirth, 12, ii. [128];
  • as Vesta at Nemi, i. 13, ii. [380];
  • in relation to vines, i. 15 sq.;
  • the mate of the King of the Wood at Nemi, 40, 41, ii. [380];
  • as a goddess of fertility, [120] sqq.;
  • in relation to animals of the woods, [124], [125] sqq.;
  • as the moon, [128];
  • the goddess of fruits, [128];
  • as a goddess of the oak at Nemi, [380]
• —— and Dianus, ii. [376] sqq.
• —— (Jana), a double of Juno, ii. [190] sq., [381] sq.
• “Diana’s Mirror,” i. 1
• Dianus (Janus), a double of Jupiter, ii. [190] sq., [381] sq.
• Diels, Professor H., i. 390 n. 2
• Dieri, the, i. 90, 177, ii. [29];
  • rain-making ceremonies of the, i. 255 sqq.
• Dinka or Denka nation, i. 347
• Diodorus Siculus, i. 74
• Diomede, ii. [278];
  • at Troezen, i. 27;
  • sacred grove of, 27
• Dione, wife of Zeus at Dodona, ii. [189];
  • the old consort of Zeus, [381], [382]
• Dionysius of Halicarnassus, quoted, ii. [202] sq.
• Dionysus, marriage of, to the Queen of Athens, ii. [136] sq.;
  • and Ariadne, [138]
• Discovery of fire, ii. [255] sqq.
• Disease-makers in Tana, i. 341 sq.
• “Divine consort, the,” ii. [131]
• Divinity of kings, i. 48 sqq.;
  • among the Hovas, 397;
  • among the Malays, 398;
  • in great historical empires, 415 sqq.;
  • growth of the conception of the, ii. [376] sqq.
• —— of the Brahmans, i. 403 sq.
• Division of labour in relation to social progress, i. 420
• Diwali, the feast of lamps, ii. [160]
• Dixon, Dr. W. E., ii. [139] n. 1
• Djakuns, their mode of making fire, ii. [236]
• Djuldjul, i. 274
• Dodola, the, i. 273
• Dodona, oracular spring at, ii. [172];
  • Zeus at, [177];
  • Zeus and Dione at, [189];
  • oracular oak at, [358]
• Dog, black, sacrificed for rain, i. 291;
  • used to stop rain, 303
• Dogs crowned, i. 14, ii. [125] sq., [127] sq.
• Dollar-bird associated with rain, i. 287 sq.
• Domalde, a Swedish king, i. 366 sq.
• Donar or Thunar, the German thunder god, ii. [364]
• Doors, Janus as a god of, ii. [383] sq.
• Doreh, in New Guinea, i. 125
• Dos Santos, J., i. 392
• Double-headed fetish among the Bush negroes of Surinam, ii. [385];
  • Janus, explanation of, ii. [384] sq.
• Dragon, rain-god represented as, i. 297;
  • or serpent of water, ii. [155] sqq.;
  • of Rouen, destroyed by St. Romain, [164] sqq.;
  • the Slaying of the, at Furth, [163] sq.
• Dramas, magical, to promote vegetation, ii. [120]
• Dramatic exhibitions sometimes originate in magical rites, ii. [142];
  • weddings of gods and goddesses, ii. [121]
• Draupadi or Krishna, ii. [306]
• Dreams, modes of counteracting evil, i. 172 sq.
• Drenching people with water as a rain-charm, i. 250, 251, 269 sq., 272, 273, 274, 275, 277 sq., ii. [77]
• Dropsy, ancient Greek mode of preventing, i. 78
• Drought supposed to be caused by unburied dead, i. 287;
  • and dearth, chiefs and kings punished for, 352 sqq.;
  • supposed to be caused by sexual crime, ii. [110], [111], [113]
• Drowning as a punishment, ii. [109], [110], [111];
  • sacrifice by, [364]
• Druids, oak-worship of the, ii. [9];
  • of Gaul, their sacrifices of white bulls, [189];
  • female, [241] n. 1;
  • venerate the oak and the mistletoe, [358], [362];
  • derivation of the name, [363]
• Drums, homoeopathic magic at the making of, i. 134 sq.;
  • beaten as a charm against a storm, 328
• Drynemetum, ii. [363]
• Du Pratz, ii. [263] n. 1
• Dudulé, the, i. 274
• Duplication of deities an effect of dialectical differences, ii. [382] sq.
• Durostorum, martyrdom of St. Dasius at, ii. [310] n. 1
• Dwarf tribes of Central Africa, ii. [255]
• Dyaks of Borneo, the, i. 73, 127, ii. [13];
  • the Sea, [127]
• Ea, the inventor of magic, i. 240
• Eagle hunters, taboos observed by, i. 116;
  • charms employed by, 149 sq.
• —— -wood, telepathy in search for, i. 120
• Eagles, sacred, ii. [11]
• Earth and Sun, marriage of the, ii. [98] sq., [148]
• —— goddess, pregnant cows sacrificed to, ii. [229]
• Earthquakes supposed to be caused by incest, ii. [111]
• Ebb tide, death at, i. 167 sq.
• Eclipse, ceremonies at an, i. 311 sq.
• Economic progress a condition of intellectual progress, i. 218
• Egeria, water nymph at Nemi, i. 17-19, 41, ii. [171] sq.;
  • an oak-nymph, [172];
  • a double of Diana, [380];
  • and Numa, i. 18, ii. [172] sqq., [193], [380]
• Egerius Baebius or Laevius, i. 22
• Eggs collected at spring ceremonies, ii. [65], [78], [81], [84], [85];
  • or egg-shells, painted, in spring ceremonies, [63], [65];
  • in purificatory rite, [109]
• Egypt, magical images in ancient, i. 66, 67 sq.;
  • magicians in ancient, 225;
  • confusion of magic and religion in ancient, 230 sq.;
  • kings of, deified in their lifetime, 418 sqq.;
  • the Queen of, married to the god Ammon, ii. [131] sq.;
  • king of, masquerading as Ammon, [133]
• Egyptian kings and queens, their begetting and birth depicted on the monuments, ii. [131] sqq.
• —— worship of sacred beasts, i. 29 sq.
• Egyptians, the ancient, worshipped men and animals, i. 389 sq.;
  • sycamores worshipped by the ancient, ii. [15]
• Eiresione, ii. [48]
• Elder-tree, ii. [43]
• Elective and hereditary monarchy, combination of the two, ii. [292] sqq.
• Electric lights on mast-heads, spears, etc., i. 49 sq.
• Elephant-hunters, telepathy of, i. 123
• Eleusis, mysteries of, ii. [138] sq.
• Elipandus of Toledo, i. 407
• Elizabeth, Queen, i. 368
• Emblica officinalis, a sacred tree, ii. [51]
• Emin Pasha, ii. [297] n. 7
• Empedocles, his claim to divinity, i. 390
• Emus, ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 85 sq.
• Endymion, ii. [299]
• Ephesian Artemis, ii. [128]
• Ephesus, Artemis of, i. 37 sq.;
  • nominal kings at, 47;
  • the Essenes or King Bees at, ii. [135] sq.
• Epicurus, sacrifices offered to, i. 105
• Erechtheum, the, ii. [199]
• Erechtheus and Erichthonius, ii. [199]
• Erhard, Professor A., ii. [310] n. 1
• Erichthonius, i. 21;
  • and Erechtheus, ii. [199]
• Eruptions of volcanoes supposed to be caused by incest, ii. [111]
• Esquiline hill at Rome, ii. [185]
• Esquimaux, i. 70, 113, 121, 316, 327
• Essenes or King Bees at Ephesus, i. 47 n. 2, ii. [135] sq.
• Esthonian folk-tale of a tree-elf, ii. [71] sqq.;
  • marriage custom, [234]
• Esthonians, St. George’s Day among the, ii. [330] sqq.;
  • their thunder-god Taara, [367]
• Etruscans, female kinship among the, ii. [286] sq.
• Eudanemi, the, at Athens, i. 325 n. 1
• Europe, contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210 sq.;
  • confusion of magic and religion in modern, 231-233;
  • forests of ancient, ii. [7] sq.;
  • relics of tree-worship in modern, [59] sqq.;
  • diffusion of the oak in, [349] sqq.
• —— South-Eastern, rain-making ceremonies in, i. 272 sqq.
• Euros, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 89
• Evelyn, John, i. 369
• Evergreen oak, the Golden Bough grew on, ii. [379]
• —— trees in Italy, i. 8
• Evolution of kings out of magicians or medicine-men, i. 420 sq.;
  • industrial, from uniformity to diversity of function, 421;
  • political, from democracy to despotism, 421
• Exaggerations of anthropological theories, i. 333
• Exogamy, ii. [271]
• Expiation for adultery or fornication, ii. [107] sq.;
  • for incest, [115], [116]
• External soul in afterbirth or navel-string, i. 200 sq.
• Extinction of fires at king’s death, ii. [261] sqq., [267];
  • in houses after any death, [267] sq.
• Ezekiel, i. 87 n. 1
• Falerii, Juno at, ii. [190] n. 2
• Falstaff, death of, i. 168
• Families, royal, kings chosen from several, ii. [292] sqq.
• Fan tribe, i. 349
• Farnell, Dr. L. R., i. 36, ii. [379] n. 5
• Fasting obligatory, i. 124, 131
• Father Jove and Mother Vesta, ii. [227] sqq.
• Fattest men chosen kings, ii. [297]
• February, first of, St. Bride’s day, i. 94 sq.
• Fehrle, E., ii. [199] n. 5
• Female descent of the kingship in Rome, ii. [270] sqq.;
  • in Africa, [274] sqq.;
  • in Greece, [277] sq.;
  • in Scandinavia, [279] sq.;
  • in Lydia, [281] sq.;
  • among Danes and Saxons, [282] sq.
• —— kinship in descent of the Roman kingship, ii. [271];
  • indifference to paternity of kings under female kinship, [274] sqq.;
  • at Athens, [277];
  • indifference to paternity in general under, [282];
  • among the Aryans, [283] sqq.
  • See also [Mother-kin]
• Female slaves, licence accorded to them on the Nonae Caprotinae, ii. [313] sq.
• Feng and Wiglet, ii. [281], [283]
• Fennel, fire carried in giant, ii. [260]
• Fertilisation, artificial, of the date palm, ii. [24] sq.;
  • of the fig-tree, [314] sq.
• —— of women by the wild fig-tree, ii. [316];
  • by the wild banana-tree, [318]
• Fertilising virtue attributed to trees, ii. [49] sqq., [316] sqq.
• Fertility, Diana as a goddess of, ii. [120] sqq.;
  • the thunder-god conceived as a deity of fertility, [368] sqq.
• Fictores Vestalium, fictores Pontificum, ii. [204]
• Ficus Ruminalis, ii. [318]
• Fierte or shrine of St. Romain, ii. [167], [168], [170] n. 1
• Fig, as an article of diet, ii. [315] sq.
• Fig-tree of Romulus (ficus Ruminalis), ii. [10], [318]
• —— artificial fertilisation (caprificatio) of the, ii. [314] sq.
• —— sacred, ii. [44], [99], [249], [250]
• —— the wild, a male, ii. [314] sq.;
  • supposed to fertilise women, [316] sq.;
  • haunted by spirits of the dead, [317]
• Fiji, catching the sun in, i. 316
• Fijians, gods of the, i. 389
• Finnish-Ugrian peoples, sacred groves of the, ii. [10] sq.
• Finnish wizards and witches, i. 325
• Fire in the worship of Diana, i. 12 sq.;
  • supposed to be subject to Catholic priests, 231;
  • used to stop rain, 252 sq.;
  • as a charm to rekindle the sun, 311, 313;
  • of Vesta at Rome fed with oak wood, ii. [186];
  • birth from the, [195] sqq.;
  • the king’s, [195] sqq.;
  • impregnation of women by, [195] sqq., [230] sqq., [234];
  • taken from sacred hearth to found a new village, [216];
  • on the hearth, souls of ancestors in the, [232];
  • reasons for attributing a procreative virtue to, [233] sq.;
  • made jointly by man and woman or boy and girl, [235] sqq.;
  • custom of extinguishing fire and rekindling it by the friction of wood, [237] sq.;
  • need-fire made by married men, [238];
  • holy, not to be blown upon with the breath, [240], [241];
  • tribes reported to be ignorant of the art of kindling, [253] sqq.;
  • discovery of, by mankind, [255] sqq.;
  • carried about by savages, [257] sqq.;
  • kept burning in houses of chiefs and kings, [260] sqq.;
  • carried before king or chief, [263] sq.;
  • a symbol of life, [265];
  • leaping over a, [327], [329]
• Fire and Water, Kings of, ii. [3] sqq.
• —— -bearer, the, i. 33
• —— -boards, sacred, of the Chuckchees and Koryaks, ii. [225] sq.
• —— customs of the Herero or Damaras, ii. [211] sqq.;
  • compared to those of the Romans, ii. [227] sqq.
• —— -drill, the, ii. [207] sqq., [248] sqq., [258] sq., [263];
  • the kindling of fire by it regarded by savages as a form of sexual intercourse, [208] sqq., [218], [233], [235] sq., [239], [249] sq.;
  • of the Herero, [217] sq.
• —— -god married to a human virgin, ii. [195] sqq.
• —— kindled by the friction of wood, ii. [207] sqq., [235] sqq., [243], [248] sqq., [258] sq., [262], [263], [336], [366], [372];
  • from ancestral tree, [221], [233] sq.;
  • by natural causes, [256];
  • by lightning, [263]
• —— “living,” ii. [237];
  • a charm against witchcraft, [336]
• —— “new,” ii. [237];
  • sent from Delos and Delphi, i. 32 sq.;
  • made at beginning of king’s reign, ii. [262], [267];
  • made at Midsummer, [243]
• —— -priests (Agnihotris) of the Brahmans, ii. [247] sqq.
• —— -sticks of fire-drill regarded as male and female, ii. [208] sqq., [235], [238], [239], [248] sqq.
• —— -worship a form of ancestor-worship, ii. [221]
• Fires ceremonially extinguished, i. 33;
  • kept up for sake of absent persons, 120 sq., 128, 129;
  • extinguished at death of kings, ii. [261] sqq., [267];
  • at any death, [267] sq.;
  • ceremonial, kindled by the friction of oak-wood, [372]
• —— perpetual, of Vesta, i. 13 sq.;
  • in Ireland, ii. [240] sqq.;
  • in Peru and Mexico, [243] sqq.;
  • origin of, [253] sqq.;
  • associated with royal dignity, [261] sqq.;
  • of oak-wood, [365], [366]
• First-fruits, dedication of, i. 32
• Fish, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 90;
  • in rain-charm, 288 sq.
• Fishermen, Shetland, i. 69
• —— and hunters cursed for good luck, i. 280 sq.
• Fishing and hunting, homoeopathic magic in, i. 108 sqq.;
  • telepathy in, 120 sqq.
• Fison, Rev. Lorimer, i. 316, 331 n. 2, 378, 389 n. 3, ii. [13] n. 1
• Fladda’s chapel, i. 322
• Flamen, derivation of the name, ii. [235], [247]
• —— Dialis, the, ii. [179], [235], [246], [247], [248];
  • an embodiment of Jupiter, [191] sq.
• Flaminica, the, ii. [191], [235]
• Flax, charms to make flax grow tall, i. 138 sq., ii. [86], [164]
• Flight of the king (Regifugium) at Rome, ii. [308] sqq., [311] n. 4;
  • of sacrificer after the sacrifice, [309];
  • of the People at Rome, [319] n. 1
• Flint implements supposed to be thunderbolts, ii. [374]
• Floquet, A., ii. [168], [169]
• Flowers, divination from, ii. [345]
• Food, homoeopathic magic for the supply of, i. 85 sqq.
• Foods tabooed, i. 117 sqq.
• Footprints, contagious magic of, i. 207-212
• “Forced fire” or need-fire, ii. [238]
• Foreigners marry princesses and receive the kingdom with them, ii. [270] sqq.
• Foreskins removed at circumcision, uses of, i. 92 sq., 95;
  • used in rain-making, 256 sq.
• Forests of ancient Europe, ii. [7] sq.
• Fortuna and Servius Tullius, ii. [193] n. 1, [272]
• Forum at Rome, prehistoric cemetery in the, ii. [186], [202]
• Foucart, P., ii. [139] n. 1
• Fowler, W. Warde, ii. [311] n. 4, [319] n. 1, [327] n. 2, [329] n. 6, [383] n. 3
• Fox in magic, i. 151
• Fratres Arvales, ii. [122]
• Free Spirit, Brethren of the, i. 408
• French peasants ascribe magical powers to priests, i. 231-233
• Frey, the god of fertility and his human wife, ii. [143] sq.;
  • his image and festival at Upsala, [364] sq.
• Friction of wood, fire kindled by, ii. [207] sqq., [235] sqq., [243], [248] sqq., [258] sq., [262], [263], [336], [366], [372]
• Frog, magic of, i. 151;
  • worshipped, 294 sq.;
  • love-charm made from the bone of a, ii. [345]
• —— flayer, the, ii. [86]
• Frogs in relation to rain, i. 292 sqq.
• Froth from a mill-wheel as a charm against witches, ii. [340]
• Fruit-trees fertilised by women, i. 140 sq.
• Fruits blessed on day of Assumption of the Virgin, i. 14 sqq.;
  • Artemis and Diana as patronesses of, 15 sq.
• Fuegians, the, ii. [258]
• Fumigating flocks and herds as a charm against witchcraft, ii. [327], [330], [335], [336], [339], [343]
• Furth in Bavaria, the Slaying of the Dragon at, ii. [163] sqq.
• Furtwängler, A., i. 309 n. 6
• Futuna, i. 388
• Fylgia or guardian spirit in Iceland, i. 200
• Galatians, their Celtic language, ii. [126] n. 2
• Galelareesc, the, i. 110, 113, 131, 143, 145, ii. [22]
• Gallas, kings of the, i. 48;
  • sacred trees of the, ii. [34]
• Garcilasso de la Vega, ii. [244] n. 1
• Gardiner, Professor J. Stanley, ii. [154]
• Gargouille or dragon destroyed by St. Romain, ii. [167]
• Garlands on May Day, ii. [60] sqq., [90] sq.
• Gaul, the Druids of, ii. [189]
• Gauri, harvest-goddess, ii. [77] sq.
• Gayos, the, ii. [125]
• Gennep, A. van, ii. [385] n. 1
• Geomancy in China, i. 170
• George, Green, ii. [75], [76], [79]
• Germans, worship of women among the ancient, i. 391;
  • tree-worship among the ancient, ii. [8] sq.;
  • evidence of mother-kin among the, [285];
  • worship of the oak among the ancient, [363] sq.
• Gerontocracy in Australia, i. 335
• Gervasius of Tilbury, i. 301
• Getae, the, i. 392
• Ghosts in Melanesia, supposed powers of, i. 338 sq.
• Gilyaks, the, i. 122, ii. [38]
• Girl annually sacrificed to cedar-tree, ii. [17]
• Girls married to nets, ii. [147];
  • sacrificed to crocodiles, [152]
• Glory, the Hand of, i. 149
• Glover, T. R., ii. [231] n. 6
• Goat, blood of, drunk as means of inspiration, i. 382, 383
• God, Bride of, i. 276;
  • savage ideas of, different from those of civilised men, 375 sq.
• “God-boxes,” i. 378
• Gods viewed as magicians, i. 240 sqq., 375;
  • sacrifice themselves by fire, 315 n. 1;
  • conception of, slowly evolved, 373 sq.;
  • incarnate human, 373 sqq.;
  • gods and men, no sharp line of distinction between, in Fiji, 389;
  • and goddesses, dramatic weddings of, ii. [121];
  • the marriage of the, [129] sqq.;
  • married to women, [129] sqq., [143] sq., [146] sq., [149] sqq.
• Gold in magic, i. 80 sq.
• Golden Bough plucked by Aeneas, i. 11, ii. [379];
  • the breaking of it not a piece of bravado, i. 123 sq.;
  • grew on an evergreen oak, ii. [379]
• Golden lamb of Mycenae, i. 365
• “Golden summer,” the, i. 32
• Gonds, their belief in reincarnation, i. 104 sq.
• Gongs beaten in a storm, i. 328 sq.;
  • at Dodona, ii. [358]
• Government of old men in aboriginal Australia, i. 334 sq.
• Grafting, superstitious ceremony at, ii. [100]
• Granger, Professor F., i. 42 n. 1
• Grasausläuten, ii. [344]
• Grass King, the, ii. [85] sq.
• —— seed, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 87 sq.;
  • continence at magical ceremony for growth of, ii. [105]
• Graveclothes, homoeopathic magic of, in China, i. 168 sq.
• Graves, rain-charms at, i. 268, 286, 291;
  • trees planted on graves, ii. [31];
  • dances on, [183] n. 2;
  • of Hyperborean maidens at Delos, i. 28, 33 sqq.
• Great Sun, the, title of chief, ii. [262], [263]
• Greece, priestly kings in, i. 44 sqq.;
  • kings and chiefs sacred or divine in ancient, 366;
  • human gods in ancient, 390 sq.;
  • forests of, ii. [8];
  • female descent of kingship in ancient, [278] sq.
• Greek kings called Zeus, ii. [177], [361]
• Greeks, the modern, rain-making ceremonies among, i. 272 sq.;
  • and Romans, rain-charms among the ancient, 309 sq.
• Green boughs a charm against witches, ii. [52]-55, [127], [342] sq.
• —— George, ii. [75], [76], [79], [343]
• —— Thursday, ii. [333]
• Greenwich-hill, custom of rolling down, ii. [103]
• Gregory of Tours, ii. [144]
• Grimm, J., ii. [8], [362] n. 6, [364]
• Grizzly bears supposed to be related to human twins, i. 264 sq.
• Groves, sacred, ii. [10] sq., [44];
  • Arician, i. 20, 22, ii. [115];
  • in Chios, i. 45;
  • in ancient Greece and Rome, ii. [121] sqq.
• Grunau, Simon, ii. [366] n. 2
• Guanches of Teneriffe, i. 303
• Guardian spirit associated with caul, i. 199 sq.
• Guaycurus, the, i. 330
• Gunkel, H., i. 101 n. 2
• Gunnar Helming, ii. [144]
• Gunputty, elephant-headed god, human incarnation of, i. 405 sq.
• Gyges, ii. [281], [282]
• Gypsies, Green George among the, ii. [75] sq.
• Gypsy ceremonies for stopping rain, i. 295 sq.
• Hack-thorn sacred, ii. [48]
• Haddon, Dr. A. C., i. 262
• Hahn, Dr. C. H., ii. [213] n. 2
• Haida Indians, i. 70, 133
• Hair offered to gods and goddesses, heroes and heroines, i. 28 sq.;
  • offered to the dead, 31, 102;
  • offered to rivers, 31;
  • clippings of, used in magic, 57, 64, 65, 66;
  • charms to make hair grow, 83, 145, 153 sq., 154;
  • loose as a charm, 136;
  • human, used in rain-making, 251 sq.;
  • long, a symbol of royalty, ii. [180]
• Hakea flowers, ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 86
• Hakim Singh, i. 409
• Halford in Warwickshire, May Day customs at, ii. [88] sq.
• Hamlet, ii. [281], [291]
• Hammer worshipped, i. 317 sq.
• Hammurabi, code of, ii. [130]
• Hand of Glory, i. 149
• Hardy, Thomas, i. 136
• Hares as witches, i. 212, ii. [53]
• Harran, the heathen of, i. 383, ii. [25], [100] n. 2
• Harris, J. Rendel, i. 15 n. 1, 21 n. 2
• Harrison, Miss J. E., ii. [137] n. 1, [139] n. 1
• Hartland, E. S., i. 52 n. 1, ii. [156] n. 2
• Harvest in Greece, date of, i. 32
• —— May, the, ii. [47] sq.
• Hatshopsitou, birth of Queen, ii. [131] sqq.
• Hawaii, insignia of royal family of, i. 388 n. 3
• Hawthorn on May Day, ii. [52], [60];
  • a protection against witches, [55], [127]
• Head-hunters, rules observed by people at home in absence of, i. 129
• Headmen of totem clans in Central Australia, i. 335
• Heads, custom of moulding heads artificially, ii. [297] sq.
• Hearn, Dr. W. E., ii. [283] n. 5
• Hearth, the king’s, at Rome, ii. [195], [200], [206];
  • sacred, of the Herero, [213], [214];
  • the sacred, seat of the ancestral spirits, [221];
  • custom of leading a bride round the, [230], [231];
  • new-born children brought to the, [232]
• Hearts of men and animals offered to the sun, i. 315
• Heaven, vault of, imitated in rain-charm, i. 261, 262
• Heavenly Master, the, i. 413
• Hebrew prohibition of images, i. 87 n. 1
• —— prophets, their ethical religion, i. 223
• Hebrews, their notion of the blighting effect of sexual crime, ii. [114] sq.
• Hegel on magic and religion, i. 235 n. 1, 423 sqq.
• Hehn, V., on evergreens in Italy, i. 8 n. 4
• Heimskringla, ii. [280]
• Heine, H., Pilgrimage to Kevlaar, i. 77
• Hekaerge and Hekaergos, i. 33, 34, 35
• Helaga, taboo, ii. [106] n. 2
• Helbig, W., i. 20 n. 5
• Helernus, grove of, ii. [190] sq.
• Hellebore, curses at cutting black, i. 281
• Hemlock as an anaphrodisiac, ii. [138], [139] n. 1
• Hemp, charms to make hemp grow tall, i. 137 sq.
• Heno, the thunder-spirit of the Iroquois, ii. [369] sq.
• Hera and Hercules, i. 74
• Hercules, sacrifice to, i. 281
• —— and Achelous, ii. [162]
• —— and Hera, i. 74
• —— and Omphale, ii. [281]
• Hercynian forest, the, ii. [7], [354];
  • etymology of the name, [354] n. 2
• Hereditary and elective monarchy, combination of the two, ii. [292] sqq.
• Herero or Damaras, their fire-customs, ii. [211] sqq.
• Hermutrude, legendary queen of Scotland, ii. [281]
• Herodotus, i. 49, 331
• Hersilia, a Sabine goddess, ii. [193] n. 1
• Heyne, C. G., ii. [329] n. 1
• Hidatsa Indians, ii. [12]
• Hierapolis, i. 29
• Hierophant at Eleusis temporarily deprived of his virility, ii. [138]
• Highlands of Scotland, St. Bride’s day in, ii. [94]
• Hindoo Koosh, sacred cedar of the, i. 383;
  • the Kafirs of the, 385
• —— Trinity, i. 225
• Hindoos, magical images among the, i. 63 sqq.
• Hippoclides and Clisthenes, ii. [307] sq.
• Hippocrates, sacrifices offered to, i. 105
• Hippodamia and Pelops, ii. [279], [299] sq.
• Hippolytus in relation to Virbius at Nemi, i. 19 sq.;
  • offerings of hair to, 28
• —— and Artemis, i. 19 sq., 24 sqq.
• —— Saint, martyrdom of, i. 21
• Hirn, Y., i. 52 n. 1, 54 n. 1
• Hirt, Professor H., ii. [367] n. 3
• Hobby Horse at Padstow, ii. [68]
• Hobley, C. W., ii. [316]
• Hog’s blood, purifying virtue of, i. 107
• Holed stone in magic, i. 313
• Holland, Whitsuntide customs in, ii. [104]
• Holy Basil, ii. [26]
• Homoeopathic taboos, i. 116;
  • magic for the making of rain, 247 sqq.
  • See also [Magic]
• Hopi Indians, the, ii. [208] sq.
• Horse, sacred, i. 364;
  • sacrificed at Rome in October, ii. [229], [326]
• Horses excluded from Arician grove, i. 20;
  • dedicated by Hippolytus to Aesculapius, 21 n. 2, 27;
  • branded with mark of wolf, 27;
  • in relation to Diomede, 27;
  • sacrifice of white, 27;
  • sacrificed to the sun, 315 sq.;
  • sacrificed to trees, ii. [16];
  • sanctity of white, [174] n. 2;
  • sacrifices for, on St. George’s Day, [332], [336] sq.
• Horus, the golden, i. 418
• Hos, the, of Togoland, i. 396 sq., ii. [19], [370]
• Hot water drunk as a charm, i. 129
• House-timber, homoeopathic magic of, i. 146
• Housebreakers, charms employed by, to cause sleep, i. 148 sq.
• Hovas, divinity of kings among the, i. 397
• Howitt, A. W., i. 176, 207, 208
• Hubert and Mauss, Messrs., i. 111 n. 2
• Huichol Indians, i. 71, 123
• Human gods, i. 373 sqq.
• —— victims sacrificed to water-spirits, ii. [157] sqq.
• Humboldt, A. von, i. 416
• Hunters employ contagious magic of footprints, i. 211 sq.
• Huntin, a tree-god, ii. [15]
• Hunting and fishing, homoeopathic magic in, i. 108 sqq.;
  • telepathy in, 120 sqq.
• “Hurling” for a bride, ii. [305] sq.
• Hurons, the, ii. [147];
  • reincarnation among the, i. 105;
  • their mode of counteracting an evil dream, 172 sq.
• Husbands, spiritual, ii. [316] sq.
• Hut-urns of ancient Latins, ii. [201] sq.
• Huts, round, of the ancient Latins, ii. [200] sqq.;
  • in Africa, [227] n. 3
• Huzuls, the, i. 113, 137;
  • their precautions against witches, ii. [336]
• Hymettus, ii. [360]
• Hyperborean maidens at Delos, i. 33
• Ibn Batutah, ii. [153]
• Icarius, ii. [300]
• Iceland, superstitions as to the caul in, i. 199 sqq.
• Iddah, king of, i. 396
• Igaras, succession to the kingship among the, ii. [294]
• Illicit love supposed to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. [107] sqq.
• Images, Hebrew prohibition of, i. 87 n. 1
• —— magical, to injure people, i. 55 sqq.;
  • to procure offspring, 70-74;
  • to win love, 77
• Impressions, bodily, contagious magic of, i. 213 sq.
• Incarnate human gods, i. 373 sqq.
• Incarnation of gods in human form temporary or permanent, i. 376;
  • examples of temporary incarnation, 376 sqq.;
  • examples of permanent incarnation, 386 sqq.;
  • mystery of, 396 n. 5
• Incas, the children of the Sun, i. 415
• Incense, fumes of, inhaled to produce inspiration, i. 379, 384
• —— -gatherers, chastity of, ii. [106] sq.
• Incest, blighting effects attributed to, ii. [108], [110] sq., [113], [115] sqq.;
  • of domestic animals abhorred by the Basoga, [112] sq.;
  • of animals employed as a rain-charm, [113]
• India, ancient, confusion of magic and religion in, i. 228 sq.;
  • magical power of kings in, 366;
  • incarnate human gods in, 376, 402 sqq.
• Indifference to paternity of kings under female kinship, ii. [274] sqq.
• Indra, thunderbolt of, i. 269
• Industrial evolution from uniformity to diversity of function, i. 421
• Infidelity of wife disastrous to absent husband, i. 123, 131
• Influence of the sexes on vegetation, ii. [97] sqq.
• Initiatory ceremonies of Central Australian aborigines, i. 92 sqq.
• —— rites of Australian aborigines, suggested explanation of, i. 106.
• Inquisition, the, i. 407, 408
• Insects, homoeopathic magic of, i. 152
• Inspiration, i. 376 sqq.;
  • by incense, 379;
  • by blood, 381 sqq.;
  • by sacred plant or tree, 383 sqq.;
  • of victims, 384 sqq.
• Inspired or religious type of man-god, i. 244
• —— priests and priestesses, i. 377 sqq.
• Intellectual progress dependent on economic progress, i. 218
• Intercourse of the sexes practised to make the crops and fruits grow, ii. [98] sqq.
• Intichiuma, magical totemic ceremonies in Central Australia, i. 85
• Invulnerability, charm to produce, i. 146 sq.
• Ireland, perpetual fires in, ii. [240] sqq.
• —— sacred oak groves in ancient, [242] sq.
• Irish kings, magical virtues attributed to, i. 367
• Irle, J., ii. [223] n. 2
• Iron, homoeopathic magic of, i. 159 sq.
• Iroquois, the, ii. [12];
  • their thunder-god, [369] sq.
• Isle of Man, St. Bridget in the, ii. [94] sq.
• —— of May, ii. [161]
• Ivy chewed by Bachanals, i. 384;
  • in fire-making, ii. [251] sq.
• Jack-in-the-Green, ii. [82]
• Jana, another form of Diana, ii. [381], [382], [383]
• Jangam, priest of the Lingayats, i. 404
• Janiculum hill, the, ii. [186]
• Janua, derived from Janus, ii. [384]
• Janus, as a god of doors, ii. [383] sq.;
  • explanation of the two-headed, [384] sq.
• —— and Carna, ii. [190]
• —— (Dianus) and Diana, doubles of Jupiter and Juno, ii. [190] sq., [381] sq.
• Jaundice treated by homoeopathic magic, i. 79 sqq.
• Java, ceremonies to procure offspring in, i. 73;
  • ceremonies for preventing rain in, 270 sq.
• Jerome of Prague, i. 317
• Jevons, F. B., i. 105, 225 n.
• Jewitt, J. R., i. 264
• Jinnee of the sea, virgins married to, ii. [153] sq.
• Job’s protest, ii. [114]
• Johnson, Dr. S., i. 368, 370
• Johnston, Sir H. H., ii. [227] n. 3
• Jordan, H., ii. [321] n. 3
• Joubert, quoted, i. 223 n. 2
• Jove (Father) and Mother Vesta, ii. [227] sqq.
• Jubainville, H. d’Arbois de, ii. [362] n. 6
• Judah, idolatrous kings of, i. 315
• Jukagirs, the, i. 122
• Julian, the Emperor, ii. [7]
• Julii, the, ii. [179], [192]
• Julus, the Little Jupiter, ii. [179], [197]
• July the 7th, the Nonae Caprotinae, a Roman festival, ii. [313] sqq.
• June, the first of, a Roman festival, ii. [190]
• Juno on the Capitol, ii. [184];
  • at Falerii, [190] n. 2;
  • a duplicate of Diana, [381] sq.
• —— Caprotina, ii. [313], [317]
• —— Moneta, ii. [189]
• Jupiter, costume of, ii. [174] sq.;
  • the Roman kings in the character of, [174] sqq.;
  • Capitoline, [176];
  • the Little, [179], [192];
  • Latian, [187], [379];
  • as god of the oak, the thunder, the rain, and the sky, [358], [361] sq.;
  • as sky-god, [374];
  • a duplicate of Janus (Dianus), [381] sq.
• —— and Juno, doubles of Janus and Diana, ii. [190] sq.;
  • sacred marriage of, [190]
• —— Dianus, ii. [382]
• —— Elicius, ii. [183]
• —— Indiges, ii. [181]
• Jupiters, many local, in Latium, ii. [184]
• Juturna, a nymph, ii. [382]
• Kachins of Burma, the, ii. [237]
• Kafirs of the Hindoo Koosh, i. 133 sq., 385
• Kaitish tribe of Central Australia, i. 87
• Kali, the goddess, i. 383
• Kamilaroi, the, i. 101
• Kangaroos, ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 87 sq.
• Kara-Kirghiz, ii. [57]
• Karens of Burma, i. 209;
  • their custom in regard to fornication and adultery, ii. [107] sq.
• Karo-Bataks, the, of Sumatra, i. 277
• Kausika Sutra, i. 209, 229
• Kayans or Bahaus of Borneo, i. 328, ii. [109]
• Kei Islands, i. 126, 131, 145
• Kenyahs of Borneo, i. 59, ii. [385]
• Keremet, a god of the Wotyaks, ii. [145] sq.
• Kevlaar, Virgin Mary of, i. 77
• “Key-race,” ii. [304]
• Keys, the golden, ii. [333]
• Khasis of Assam, succession to the kingdom among the, ii. [294] sq.
• Khnoumou, the god, ii. [132]
• Kidd, Dudley, i. 49 n. 3, 350, ii. [211], [224] n. 4
• Kildare, fire and nuns of St. Brigit at, ii. [240] sq.
• Kimbugwe, high official in Uganda, i. 196
• King, J. E., i. 105 n. 4
• King gives oracles, i. 377;
  • the Grass, ii. [85] sq.;
  • the Leaf, [85];
  • the Roman, as Jupiter, [174] sqq.
• —— and Queen at Athens, i. 44 sq.
• —— of Sacred Rites at Rome, i. 44, ii. [201];
  • his flight, [309]
• —— of the Saturnalia, ii. [311]
• —— of the Wood at Nemi, i. 1 sqq., ii. [1];
  • a mate of Diana, i. 40, 41, ii. [380];
  • a personification of the oak-god Jupiter, [378] sqq.
  • See also [Priest of Nemi]
• —— Bees (Essenes) at Ephesus, ii. [135] sq.
• Kingdom, mortal combat for the, ii. [322];
  • in ancient Latium, succession to, [266] sqq.
• Kings, priestly, i. 44 sqq.;
  • titular or sacred, in Greece, 44 sqq.;
  • Teutonic, 47;
  • magicians as, 332 sqq.;
  • as rain-makers in Africa, 348, 350 sqq.;
  • punished for drought and dearth, 353 sqq.;
  • among the Aryans, magical powers attributed to, 366 sqq.;
  • divinity of, in great historical empires, 415 sqq.;
  • of nature, ii. [1] sqq.;
  • of rain, [2];
  • Roman, as deities in a Sacred Marriage, [172] sq., [192], [193] sq.;
  • Greek, called Zeus, [177], [361];
  • expected to make thunder, [180] sq.;
  • the Latin, thought to be the sons of the fire-god by mortal mothers, [195] sqq.;
  • perpetual fire in houses of, [261] sq.;
  • Roman, as personifications of Jupiter, [266] sq.;
  • paternity of, a matter of indifference under female kinship, [274] sqq.;
  • sometimes of a different race from their subjects, [288] sq.;
  • chosen from several royal families in rotation, [292] sqq.;
  • fat, [297];
  • handsomest men, [297];
  • long-headed, [297];
  • sacred or divine, development of, [376] sqq.
  • See also [Latin] and [Roman]
• Kings’ Evil (scrofula), touching for the, i. 368 sqq.
• —— fire, the, ii. [195] sqq.
• —— Race, the, ii. [84]
• —— sisters, licence accorded to, ii. [274] sqq.
• Kingship, annual, in ancient Greece, i. 46
• —— contest for the, at Whitsuntide, ii. [89]
• —— descent of the, in the female line, at Rome, ii. [270] sqq.;
  • in Africa, [274] sqq.;
  • in Greece, [277] sq.;
  • in Scandinavia, [279] sq.;
  • in Lydia, [281] sq.;
  • among the Danes and Saxons, [282] sq.
• —— evolution of the sacred, i. 420 sq.
• —— nominal, left by conquerors to indigenous race, ii. [288] sq.
• —— Roman, abolition of the, ii. [289] sqq.
• —— the old Roman, a religious office, ii. [289]
• Kingsley, Miss Mary H., i. 411 n. 1
• Kintu, ii. [261]
• Kirghiz, “Love Chase” among the, ii. [301]
• Knocking out of teeth as initiatory ceremony in Australia, i. 97 sqq.
• Knots, tying up the wind in, i. 326
• Kolkodoons, the, i. 93
• Kondhs, their belief in reincarnation, i. 104
• Koniags, the, i. 121
• Koryaks, sacred fire-boards of the, ii. [225];
  • race for a bride among the, [302]
• Krishna, i. 406;
  • marriage of, to the Holy Basil, ii. [26]
• Kunama, the, ii. [3]
• Kvasir, i. 241
• Kwakiutl Indians, their superstitions as to twins, i. 263
• Lac, taboos observed in gathering, i. 115
• Lacueva, Father, ii. [205] n.
• Ladder to facilitate the descent of the sun, ii. [99]
• Laetare Sunday, ii. [63]
• Laibon, i. 343
• Lake-dwellings of prehistoric Europe, ii. [352] sq.
• Lakes, gods of lakes married to women, ii. [150] sq.
• Lakshmi, wife of Vishnu, ii. [26]
• Lamas, transmigrations of the Grand, i. 410 sqq.
• Lamb of Mycenae, the golden, i. 365
• Lamb, blood of, as means of inspiration, i. 381
• Lambing, time of, ii. [328] n. 4
• Lamps, dedication of burning, i. 12 sq.
• Lane, E. W., ii. [209] n. 4
• Language, special, for kings and persons of blood royal, i. 401
• Lapis manalis at Rome, i. 310
• Larch-tree, sacred, ii. [20]
• Lares, the, ii. [206]
• Latin confederacy, the, in relation to sacred Arician grove, i. 22 sq.
• —— kings thought to be the sons of the fire-god by mortal mothers, ii. [195] sqq.;
  • lists of, [268] sqq.;
  • stories of their miraculous birth, [272]
• Latinus, changed into Latian Jupiter, ii. [187];
  • his wife a Vestal, [235]
• Latium, many local Jupiters in, ii. [184];
  • in antiquity, the woods of, [188];
  • succession to the kingdom in ancient, [266] sqq.
• Latuka, rain-makers among the, i. 346, 354
• Laurel chewed as means of inspiration, i. 384;
  • in fire-making, ii. [251] sq.
• Lavinium, worship of Vesta at, i. 14
• Lazy Man, the, ii. [83]
• Leaf-clad mummers, ii. [74] sqq., [78] sqq.;
  • mock marriage of, ii. [97]
• Leaf King, the, ii. [85]
• —— Man, the Little, ii. [80] sq.
• Leafy bust at Nemi, portrait of the King of the Wood, i. 41 sq.
• Leaping over a fire, ii. [327], [329]
• —— and dancing to make the crops grow high, i. 137 sqq.
• Lemnos, new fire brought to, i. 32
• Lengua Indians, i. 313, 330, 359
• Lent, fourth Sunday in, ii. [73], [87]
• Lerons of Borneo, i. 59
• Leschiy, a woodland spirit, ii. [124] sq.
• Leto, ii. [58]
• Lévi, Professor Sylvain, i. 228
• Lhasa, i. 411 sq.
• Licence accorded to slaves at the Saturnalia, ii. [312];
  • to female slaves at the Nonae Caprotinae, [313] sq.
• Lightning, charm against, i. 82;
  • imitation of, 248, 303;
  • thought to be the father of twins, 266;
  • wood of tree that has been struck by, 319;
  • fire kindled by, ii. [263];
  • African deities of, [370];
  • supposed to be produced by means of flints, [374];
  • Zeus, i. 33, ii. [361]
• Lime-trees sacred, ii. [366], [367]
• Lindus in Rhodes, i. 281
• Lingayats, the, i. 404
• Lithuanians, the heathen, i. 317, ii. [46];
  • tree-worship among the, [9];
  • sacrifice to Pergrubius, [347];
  • the thunder-god Perkunas of the, [365] sqq.;
  • their reverence for oaks, [366], [371]
• Little Jupiter, the, ii. [179], [192]
• —— Leaf Man, ii. [80] sq.
• “Living fire,” ii. [237];
  • as a charm against witchcraft, [336]
• Lo Bengula, i. 351, 352, 394
• Loango, king of, revered as a god, i. 396;
  • fights all rivals for his crown, ii. [322]
• —— licence of princesses in, ii. [276] sq.
• Lobo, spirit-house, ii. [39]
• Local totem centres, i. 96
• Locrians, the Epizephyrian, ii. [284] sq.
• “Longevity garments,” i. 169
• Long-headed men chosen kings, ii. [297]
• Loon, the bird, associated with rain, i. 288
• Lord of the Wood, ii. [36];
  • of Misrule, [319] n. 1
• —— and Lady of the May, ii. [90] sq.
• Loucheux, the, i. 356
• Love, cure for, i. 161;
  • illicit, thought to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. [107] sqq.
• Love-charms practised on St. George’s Day, ii. [345] sq.
• “Love Chase” among the Kirghiz, ii. [301]
• Lovers of goddesses, their unhappy ends, i. 39 sq.
• Low, Sir Hugh, ii. [30], [31]
• Lubare, god, i. 395
• Lucian on hair offerings, i. 28
• Lucius, E., i. 13 n. 1
• Luxor, paintings at, ii. [131], [133]
• Lyall, Sir A. C., i. 224 n. 1
• Lycaeus, Mount, ii. [359]
• Lycurgus, king of Thrace, i. 366
• Lydia, female descent of kingship in, ii. [281] sq.
• Mabuiag, i. 59, 263, 323
• Macdonald, Rev. J., i. 110, ii. [210] sq.
• “Macdonald’s disease, the,” i. 370 n. 3
• MacGregor, Sir William, i. 337
• “Macleod’s Fairy Banner,” i. 368
• Macrobius, ii. [385] n. 2
• Madagascar, King of, i. 47 sq.;
  • foods tabooed in, 117 sq.;
  • custom of women in Madagascar while men are at war, 131;
  • modes of counteracting evil omens in, 173 sq.
• Madness, cure of, i. 161
• Maeander, the river, supposed to take the virginity of brides, ii. [162]
• Magian priests, ii. [241] n. 4
• Magic, principles of, i. 52 sqq.;
  • negative, 111 sqq.;
  • public and private, 214 sq.;
  • benefits conferred by, 218 sq.;
  • its analogy to science, 220 sq.;
  • attraction of, 221;
  • fatal flaw of, 221 sq.;
  • based on a misapplication of the association of ideas, 221 sq.;
  • opposed in principle to religion, 224;
  • older than religion, 233 sqq.;
  • universality of belief in, 234-236;
  • transition from magic to religion, 237 sqq., ii. [376] sq.;
  • the fallacy of, not easy to detect, i. 242 sq.
• Magic, Contagious, i. 52-54, 174-214;
  • of teeth, 176-182;
  • of navel-string and afterbirth (placenta), 182-201;
  • ofwound and weapon, 201 sqq.;
  • of foot-prints, 207-212;
  • of other impressions, 213 sq.
• —— Homoeopathic or Imitative, i. 52 sqq.;
  • in medicine, 78 sqq.;
  • for the supply of food, 85 sqq.;
  • in fishing and hunting, 108 sqq.;
  • to make plants grow, 136 sqq.;
  • of the dead, 147 sqq.;
  • of animals, 150 sqq.;
  • of inanimate things, 157 sqq.;
  • to annul evil omens, 170-174;
  • for the making of rain, 247 sqq.
• —— Sympathetic, i. 51 sqq.;
  • the two branches of, 54;
  • examples of, 55 sqq.
• —— and religion, i. 220-243, 250, 285, 286, 347, 352;
  • confused together, 226 sqq.;
  • their historical antagonism comparatively late, 226;
  • Hegel on, 423 sqq.
• Magical control of rain, i. 247 sqq.;
  • of the sun, 311 sqq.;
  • of the wind, 319 sqq.
• —— dramas to promote vegetation, ii. [120]
• —— origin of certain religious dramas, ii. [142] sq.
• —— type of man-god, i. 244
• Magician, public, his rise to power, i. 215 sqq.
• Magician’s progress, the, i. 214 sqq., 335 sqq.
• Magicians claim to compel the gods, i. 225;
  • gods viewed as, 240 sqq.;
  • importance of rise of professional magicians, 245 sqq.;
  • as kings, 332 sqq.;
  • develop into kings, 420 sq.
  • See also [Medicine-men]
• Mahabharata, the, ii. [306]
• Maharajas, a Hindoo sect, i. 406, ii. [160]
• Maidu Indians, i. 122, 357
• Maillotins, ii. [63]
• Maimonides, i. 140, ii. [100] n. 2
• Maize, continence at sowing, ii. [105]
• Makalakas, the, i. 394
• Makatisses, the, i. 71
• Makrizi, i. 252, ii. [151] n. 2
• Malay charms, i. 57 sq.
• —— magic, i. 110 sq., 114 sq., 127
• —— Peninsula, the wild tribes of the, i. 360
• —— region, divinity of kings in, i. 398
• Malays, their superstitious veneration for their rajahs, i. 361;
  • regalia among the, 362
• Maldive Islands, ii. [153], [154]
• Malecki (Maeletius, Menecius), J., ii. [366] n. 2
• Man, E. H., ii. [253]
• “Man, the True,” i. 413
• —— -god, the two types of, i. 244 sq.;
  • notion of a man-god belongs to early period of religious history, 374 sq.
• Mana, supernatural or magical power in Melanesia, i. 111 n. 2, 227, 228 n. 1, 339
• Mangaia, i. 378
• Mania, a bogey, i. 22
• Manii at Aricia, i. 22
• Manius Egerius, i. 22
• Manna, ceremony for the magical multiplication of, i. 88 sq.
• Mannhardt, W., i. 140 n. 6, ii. [47], [78] sq., [84], [87]
• Mantras, sacred texts, i. 403 sq.
• Manu, the Laws of, i. 366, 402
• Maoris, the, i. 71;
  • magic of navel-string and afterbirth among the, 182 sq.;
  • their belief as to fertilising virtue of trees, ii. [56]
• Maraves, the, i. 393, ii. [31]
• Marcellus of Bordeaux, i. 84
• Marduk, chief Babylonian god, as a magician, i. 240 sq.;
  • his wives, ii. [130]
• Marett, R. R., i. 111 n. 2
• Marigolds, magic of, i. 211
• Marquesas or Washington Islands, human gods in the, i. 386 sq.
• Marriage to trees, i. 40 sq., ii. [57];
  • of trees to each other, [24] sqq.;
  • mock, of leaf-clad mummers, [97];
  • the Sacred, [121] sqq.;
  • of the gods, [129] sqq.;
  • bath before, [162]
• Marsh-marigolds, a protection against witches, ii. [54];
  • on May Day, [63]
• Martius, C. F. Phil. von, i. 359
• Martyrdom of St. Hippolytus, i. 21
• Masai, power of medicine-men among the, i. 343 sq.
• Mashona, the, i. 393
• Maskers, representing the dead, ii. [178]
• Maspéro, Sir Gaston, i. 230, ii. [133] sq.
• “Mass of the Holy Spirit,” i. 231 sq.
• Mass of Saint Sécaire, i. 232 sq.
• Master, the Heavenly, i. 413
• —— of Sorrows, i. 280
• Matabeles, king of the, i. 48;
  • as rain-maker, 351 sq.
• —— magical effigies among the, i. 63
• Maternal uncle preferred to father, mark of mother-kin, ii. [285]
• Maurer, K., ii. [280] n. 1
• Mauss and Hubert, Messrs., i. 111 n. 2
• May Bride, the, ii. [95], [96]
• May bridegroom, ii. [91], [93]
• —— -bush, ii. [84], [85], [89], [90], [142]
• —— Day, celebration of, ii. [59] sqq.;
  • licence of, [67], [103] sq.
• —— Fools, ii. [91]
• —— garlands, ii. [60] sqq., [90] sq.
• —— King, ii. [85] sq.
• —— Lady, the, ii. [62]
• —— -poles, ii. [59], [65] sqq.
• —— Queen, ii. [84], [87] sq.
• —— Rose, the Little, ii. [74]
• —— -trees, ii. [59] sq., [64], [68] sq.;
  • or may-poles, fertilising virtue of, [52]
• Mayos or Mayes, ii. [80]
• Medicine-men (magicians, sorcerers), power of, among African tribes, i. 342 sqq.;
  • power of, among the American Indians, 355 sqq.;
  • progressive differentiation of, 420 sq.;
  • develop into kings, 420 sq.;
  • the oldest professional class, 420.
  • See also [Magicians]
• Melampus and Iphiclus, i. 158
• Melanesia, homoeopathic magic of stones in, i. 164;
  • supernatural power of chiefs in, 338 sqq.
• Merker, Captain M., i. 343
• Merlin, i. 306
• Messiah, pretended, i. 409
• Metsik, a forest spirit, ii. [55]
• Mexican kings, their oath, i. 356
• Mexicans, human sacrifices of the ancient, i. 314 sq.
• Micah, quoted, i. 223
• Mice and rats, teeth of, in magic, i. 178 sqq.
• Midsummer, new fire made at, ii. [242];
  • festival of, [272] sq.
• —— bonfires, ii. [65], [141]
• —— Bride, ii. [92]
• —— customs, ii. [127];
  • in Sweden, ii. [65]
• —— Eve, a witching time, ii. [127]
• Mikado, the, an incarnation of the sun goddess, i. 417
• Miklucho-Maclay, Baron von, ii. [253] sq.
• Milk, witches steal milk on Walpurgis Night or May Day, ii. [52] sqq.;
  • witches steal milk on Midsummer Eve, [127];
  • witches steal milk on Eve of St. George, [334] sqq;
  • not given away on St. George’s Eve, [339]
• —— -pails wreathed with flowers, ii. [338], [339]
• —— -stones, i. 165
• Milkmen of the Todas sacred or divine, i. 402 sq.
• Milton on chastity, ii. [118] n. 1
• Minangkabauers of Sumatra, i. 58, 140
• Miris of Assam, the, ii. [39]
• Mirror or burning-glass, fire made by means of, ii. [243], [245] n.
• Mistletoe venerated by the Druids, ii. [358], [362]
• Moab, Arabs of, i. 276
• Mock sun, i. 314
• Moffat, Dr. R., i. 351
• Mohammed, on the fig, ii. [316]
• Mommsen, Th., i. 23 n. 3, ii. [174] n. 1, [175] n. 1, [296]
• Monarchy in ancient Greece and Rome, tradition of its abolition, i. 46;
  • rise of, 216 sqq.;
  • essential to emergence of mankind from savagery, 217;
  • hereditary and elective, combination of the two, ii. [292] sqq.
• Money, old Italian, i. 23
• Montanus, the Phrygian, i. 407
• Montezuma, i. 416
• Moon, singing to the, i. 125;
  • charm to hasten the, 319;
  • in relation to child-birth, ii. [128];
  • woman chosen to represent the, [146]
• Morbus regius, jaundice, i. 371 n. 4
• Morgan, Professor M. H., ii. [207] n. 1
• “Mother of Kings,” ii. [277]
• —— of the Gods, i. 21
• —— of the Rain, i. 276
• Mother-kin, ii. [271];
  • in succession to Roman kingship, [271];
  • among the Aryans, [283] sqq.;
  • superiority of maternal uncle to father under mother-kin, [285].
  • See also [Female Kinship]
• Mother’s brother preferred to father, mark of mother-kin, ii. [285]
• Motu, the, i. 317, ii. [106]
• Motumotu, the, i. 317, 327, 337;
  • or Toaripi, the, in New Guinea, 125
• Moulton, Professor J. H., ii. [182] n. 2, [189] n. 3, [247] n. 5
• Moxos Indians, i. 123
• Muata Jamwo, the, ii. [262]
• Mukasa, god of the Baganda, ii. [150]
• Müller, Max, i. 333 sq.
• Mulongo, “twin,” name applied by the Baganda to the navel-string, i. 195, 196
• Mummers dressed in leaves, branches, and flowers, ii. [74] sqq., [78] sqq.
• Mundaris, the, ii. [39], [46]
• Mundas, the, ii. [57]
• Munro, Dr. R., ii. [352]
• Mura-muras, i. 255 sq.
• Mycenae, golden lamb of, i. 365
• Mysteries of Eleusis, ii. [138] sq.
• Mytilene, kings at, i. 45
• Nabataeans, Agriculture of the, ii. [100]
• Nabu, marriage of the god, ii. [130]
• Nahak, rubbish used in magic, i. 341
• Nails knocked into trees, ii. [36], [42];
  • a charm against witchcraft, [339] sq.
• —— pegs, or pins knocked into images, i. 61, 64, 65, 68, 69
• Nails, parings of, used in magic, i. 57, 64, 65, 66
• Names of kings changed to procure rain, i. 355
• Nandi, power of medicine-men among the, i. 344
• Nanja spots or local totem centres, i. 96, 97
• Nat, spirit, ii. [46]
• Natchez, the, i. 249;
  • their perpetual fires, ii. [262] sq.
• “Nativity of the sun’s walking-stick,” i. 312
• Navarre, rain-making in, i. 307 sq.
• Navel-string, contagious magic of, i. 182-201;
  • regarded as brother or sister of child, 186, 189;
  • called the “twin,” 195;
  • seat of external soul, 200 sq.
• Navel-strings hung on trees, ii. [56]
• Negative magic or taboo, i. 111 sqq.
• Nemi, the lake of, i. 1 sqq.;
  • sanctuary of Diana at, 2 sqq.;
  • the priest of, 8 sqq., 40, 41, ii. [376], [386], [387]
• Neoptolemus, ii. [278]
• Nerthus, procession of, ii. [144] n. 1
• Nets, marriage of girls to, ii. [147]
• New birth, simulation of, i. 380 sq.
• —— -born children brought to the hearth, ii. [232]
• —— Caledonia, i. 78;
  • homoeopathic magic of stones in, 162 sqq.
• —— Caledonians, the, i. 312, 313, 314
• —— fire, ii. [237];
  • made at Midsummer, [243];
  • made at beginning of a king’s reign, [262], [267]
• —— Guinea, influence of magicians in, i. 337 sq.
• —— Year festival, i. 251
• Ngai, god, ii. [44], [150]
• Nias, i. 109, 143
• Nicholson, General, worshipped, i. 404
• Niebuhr, B. G., ii. [269]
• Nightingale in magic, i. 154
• Nile, the Upper, rain-makers on the, i. 345 sqq.;
  • the bride of the, ii. [151]
• Nine animals sacrificed daily at a festival, ii. [365]
• —— years’ festival at Upsala, ii. [364] sq.
• Noah’s ark, i. 334
• Nonae Caprotinae, ii. [314]
• Nootkas, superstitions as to twins among the, i. 263 sq.
• Norse trinities, ii. [364]
• Noses bored, i. 94
• Numa, his birthday, ii. [273];
  • a priestly king, [289]
• —— and Egeria, i. 18, ii. [172] sq., [193], [380]
• Numa’s birthday, ii. [325], [348];
  • “Numa’s crockery,” ii. [202]
• Numbering the herds on St. George’s Day, ii. [338]
• Numicius, the river, ii. [181]
• Nuns of St. Brigit, ii. [240] sq.
• Nurin, i. 275, 276
• Nusku, Babylonian fire-god, i. 67
• Nyanza, Lake, god of, i. 395
• Oak, its diffusion in Europe, ii. [349] sqq.;
  • worship of the, [349] sqq.;
  • oracular, at Dodona, [358];
  • worshipped in modern Europe, [370] sqq.
• —— and thunder, the Aryan god of the, ii. [356] sqq.;
  • sky, rain, and thunder, god of the, [349] sq.
• —— evergreen, in making fire, ii. [251];
  • the Golden Bough grew on an, [379]
• —— branch in rain charm, i. 309
• —— -god married to the oak-goddess, ii. [142];
  • and oak-goddess, marriage of, [189];
  • how he became a god of lightning, thunder, and rain, [372] sqq.
• —— groves in ancient Ireland, ii. [242] sq.
• —— leaves, crown of, ii. [175], [176] sq., [184]
• —— -nymphs at Rome, ii. [172], [185]
• —— -tree guarded by the King of the Wood at Nemi, i. 42
• —— -trees, sacrifices to, ii. [366]
• —— -wood, Vesta’s fire at Rome fed with, ii. [186];
  • perpetual fire of, [365], [366];
  • ceremonial fires kindled by the friction of, [372]
• —— -woods on the site of ancient Rome, ii. [184] sqq.
• —— -worship of the Druids, ii. [9]
• Oaken image dressed as a bride, ii. [140] sq.
• Oaks at Troezen, i. 26;
  • of Ireland, ii. [363];
  • sacred among the old Prussians, [43]
• Oaths on stones, i. 160 sq.
• Ocrisia, ii. [195]
• Octopus in magic, i. 156
• Odin as a magician, i. 241 sq.;
  • the Norse god of war, ii. [364]
• Oedipus, ii. [115]
• Oenomaus, ii. [300]
• Oesel, island of, i. 329
• Offspring, charms to procure, i. 70 sqq.
• Ojebways, magical images among the, i. 55
• Olaf, King, i. 367
• Old men, government by, in aboriginal Australia, i. 334 sq.
• Oldenberg, Professor H., i. 225 n., 228, 235 n. 1, 269, 270
• Olives planted and gathered by pure boys and virgins, ii. [107]
• Olympia, races for the kingdom at, ii. [299] sq.
• Omahas, the, i. 249, 320
• Omens, homoeopathic magic to annul evil omens, i. 170-174
• Omphale and Hercules, ii. [281]
• Omumborombonga (Combretum primigenum), the sacred tree of the Herero, ii. [213] sq., [218], [219] sq., [233]
• Omuwapu tree (Grevia spec.), ii. [219]
• Opprobrious language levelled at goddess to please her, i. 280
• Oracles given by king, i. 377
• Oraons, marriage of Sun and Earth among the, ii. [148];
  • spring festival of the, [76] sq.
• Oracular spring at Dodona, ii. [172]
• Ordeal of battle among the Umbrians, ii. [321]
• Orestes at Nemi, i. 10 sq., 21 n. 2, 24;
  • at Troezen, 26;
  • cured of his madness, 161
• Orgies, sexual, as fertility charms, ii. [98] sqq.
• Orontes, the river, ii. [160]
• Osiris threatened by magicians, i. 225
• Ostyaks, tree-worship among the, ii. [11]
• Ovambo, the, i. 63, 209, ii. [46]
• Ovid, ii. [176], [177], [191];
  • on Nemi, i. 4, 17
• Pacific, human gods in the, i. 386 sqq.
• Padstow, custom of the Hobby Horse at, ii. [68]
• Pages, medicine-men, i. 358
• Paint-house, the, ii. [111]
• Paintings, prehistoric, of animals in caves, i. 87 n. 1
• Pais, E., i. 23 n.
• Pales, ii. [326], [327], [328], [329], [348]
• Pallades, female consorts of Ammon, ii. [135]
• Palladius, ii. [314]
• Pallene, daughter of Sithon, ii. [307]
• Palm-tree, ceremony of tapping it for wine, ii. [100] sq.
  • See also [Date-palm]
• Panamara in Caria, i. 29
• Paparuda, i. 273
• Parasitic plants, superstitions as to, ii. [250], [251] sq.
• Parilia, the, ii. [123], [229], [273];
  • a shepherds’ festival, [325] sqq.
• Parjanya, the ancient Hindoo god of thunder and rain, i. 270, ii. [368] sq.
• Parkinson, R., i. 175
• Parricide, Roman punishment of, ii. [110] n. 2
• Parsees, the, ii. [241]
• Partheniai, i. 36 n. 2
• Parthenos as applied to Artemis, i. 36
• Parthian monarchs brothers of the Sun, i. 417 sq.
• Partridge, C., ii. [394] n. 2
• Patara, Apollo at, ii. [135]
• Paternity, uncertainty of, a ground for a theological distinction, ii. [135];
  • of kings a matter of indifference under female kinship, [274] sqq., [282]
• Patriarchal family at Rome, ii. [283]
• Paulicians, the, i. 407
• Payaguas, the, i. 330
• Payne, E. J., i. 415 n. 2
• Pear-tree as protector of cattle, ii. [55]
• Peat-bogs of Europe, ii. [350] sqq.
• Peking Gazette, i. 355
• Peleus, ii. [278]
• Pelew Islands, human gods in, i. 389
• Pelopidae, the, ii. [279]
• Pelops, ii. [279]
• —— and Hippodamia, ii. [299] sq.
• Penates, the, ii. [205] sq.
• Pennefather River in Queensland, i. 99, 100
• Peoples said to be ignorant of the art of kindling fire, ii. [253] sqq.
• Peperuga, i. 274
• Pepys, S., i. 369, ii. [52], [333]
• Pergrubius, a Lithuanian god of the spring, ii. [347] sq.
• Periphas, king of Athens, ii. [177]
• Perkunas or Perkuns, the Lithuanian god of thunder and lightning, ii. [365] sqq.;
  • derivation of his name, [367] n. 3
• Perperia, i. 273
• Perpetual fires, origin of, ii. [253] sqq.;
  • associated with royal dignity, ii. [261] sqq.
• Perseus and Andromeda, ii. [163]
• Peru, Indians of, i. 265, ii. [146];
  • the Incas of, [243] sq.
• Perun, the thunder-god of the Slavs, ii. [365]
• Peruvian Indians, i. 56
• —— Vestals, ii. [243] sqq.
• Pessinus, i. 47
• Peter of Dusburg, ii. [366] n. 2
• Phaedra and Hippolytus, i. 25
• Pheneus, lake of, ii. [8]
• Phigalia, i. 31
• Philostratus, i. 167
• Phosphorescence of the sea, superstitions as to the, ii. [154] sq.
• Picts, female descent of kingship among the, ii. [280] sq., [286]
• Piers, Sir Henry, ii. [59]
• Pig, blood of, drunk as a means of inspiration, i. 382;
  • in purificatory rites, ii. [107], [108], [109];
  • expiatory sacrifice of, [122]
• Pigeon used in a love-charm, ii. [345] sq.
• Pile-villages in the valley of the Po, ii. [8];
  • of Europe, [352] sq.
• Pipal-tree (ficus religiosa), ii. [43]
• Pipiles, the, of Central America, ii. [98]
• Pity of rain-gods, appeal to, i. 302 sq.
• Placenta (afterbirth) and navel-string, contagious magic of, i. 182-201
• Plantain-trees, navel-strings of Baganda buried at foot of, i. 195
• Plants, homoeopathic magic to make plants grow, i. 136 sqq.;
  • influenced homoeopathically by a person’s act or state, 139 sqq.;
  • influence persons homoeopathically, 144 sqq.;
  • sexes of, ii. [24];
  • marriage of, [26] sqq.
• Plataea, festival of the Daedala at, ii. [140] sq.
• Plato, i. 45, 104
• Plebeians, the Roman kings, ii. [289]
• Pleiades, rising of the, i. 32
• Pliny the Elder, i. 49;
  • on sacredness of woods, ii. [123];
  • the Younger, i. 6
• Ploughing by women as a rain-charm, i. 282 sq.
• Plover in connexion with rain, i. 259, 261
• Plutarch, i. 28, 80, ii. [172], [196], [320] n. 3, [325] n. 3;
  • on Numa and Egeria, i. 18
• Pole-star, homoeopathic magic of the, i. 166
• Political evolution from democracy to despotism, i. 421
• Polybius, ii. [354]
• Polydorus, ii. [31]
• Poplar, the white, at Olympia, a substitute for the oak, ii. [220]
• Porphyry, i. 390, ii. [12]
• Porta Capena at Rome, i. 18
• Porta Querquetulana, ii. [185] n. 3
• Poso in Celebes, i. 379, ii. [29]
• Potrimpo, old Prussian god, ii. [248]
• Pottery, primitive, employed in Roman ritual, ii. [202] sqq.;
  • superstitions as to the making of, [204] sq.
• Pramantha, ii. [249]
• Prayers for rain, ii. [359], [362];
  • to Thunder, [367] sq.;
  • to an oak, [372]
• Precautions against witches, ii. [52] sqq.
• Precious stones, homoeopathic magic of, i. 164 sq.
• Pregnancy, ceremony in seventh month of, i. 72 sq.
• Pregnant cows sacrificed to the Earth goddess, ii. [229];
  • victims sacrificed to ensure fertility, i. 141;
  • women employed to fertilise crops and fruit-trees, i. 140 sq.
• Pretenders to divinity among Christians, i. 407 sqq.
• Priest drenched with water as a rain-charm, ii. [77];
  • rolled on fields as fertility charm, [103];
  • of Diana at Nemi, i. 8 sqq.
• —— of Nemi, i. 8 sqq., 40, 41, ii. [376], [386], [387].
  • See also [King of the Wood]
• Priestesses, inspired, i. 379 sq., 381 sq.
• Priestly kings, i. 44 sqq.
• Priests, magical powers attributed to priests by French peasants, i. 231-233;
  • inspired, 377 sqq.
• Princesses married to foreigners or men of low birth, ii. [274] sqq.
• Private magic, i. 214 sq.
• Procopius, ii. [365]
• Procreative virtue attributed to fire, ii. [233]
• Proculus Julius, ii. [182]
• Progress, intellectual, dependent on economic progress, i. 218;
  • social, 421
• Promathion’s History of Italy, ii. [196], [197]
• Prometheus, ii. [260]
• Prophetic powers conferred by certain springs, ii. [172]
• Prophets, the Hebrew, their ethical religion, i. 223
• Propitiation essential to religion, i. 222
• Prostitution before marriage, practice of, ii. [282], [285], [287]
• Prothero, G. W., ii. [71] n. 1
• Provence, magical powers attributed to priests in, i. 232
• Prpats, i. 274
• Prunus Padus, L., ii. [344]
• Prussians, the old, their worship of trees, ii. [43]
• Prytaneum, fire in the, ii. [260]
• Psylli, the, i. 331
• Public magic, i. 215
• Purification by fire, ii. [327], [329]
• Purificatory rites for sexual crimes, ii. [107] sqq., [115], [116]
• Pururavas and Urvasi, ii. [250]
• Pythagoras, maxims of, i. 211, 213 sq.
• Pythaists at Athens, i. 33
• Python, sacred, ii. [150]
• Quack, the, ii. [81]
• Quartz-crystals used in rain-making, i. 254, 255, 304
• Queen of Egypt married to the god Ammon, ii. [131] sqq.;
  • of Athens married to Dionysus, [136] sq.;
  • of May, ii. [84], [87] sq.;
  • Charlotte Islands, i. 70;
  • sister in Uganda, licence accorded to the ii. [275] sq.
• Queensland, rain-making in, i. 254 sq.
• Querquetulani, Men of the Oak, ii. [188]
• Quirinal hill, the, ii. [182], [185]
• Quirinus, ii. [182], [185], [193] n. 1
• Quiteve, the, i. 392
• Quivering of the body in a rain-charm, i. 260, 361
• Ra, the Egyptian sun-god, i. 418, 419
• Race, the King’s, ii. [84];
  • succession to kingdom determined by a, [299] sqq.;
  • for a bride, [301] sqq.
• Races at Whitsuntide, ii. [69], [84]
• Raccoons in rain-charm, i. 288
• Rain, extraction of teeth in connexion with, i. 98 sq.;
  • the magical control of, 247 sqq.;
  • made by homoeopathic or imitative magic, 247 sqq.;
  • Mother of the, 276;
  • supposed to fall only as a result of magic, 353;
  • excessive, supposed to be an effect of sexual crime, ii. [108], [113];
  • Zeus as the god of, [359] sq.
• Rain-bird, i. 287
• “Rain-bush,” ii. [46]
• —— -charm by ploughing, i. 282 sq.
• —— Country, i. 259
• —— -doctor, i. 271
• —— -god as dragon, i. 297
• —— -gods compelled to give rain by threats and violence, i. 296 sqq.;
  • appeal to the pity of the, 302 sq.
• Rain King, i. 275, ii. [2]
• —— -maker among the Arunta, costume of the, i. 260;
  • assimilates himself to water, 269 sqq.
• —— makers, their importance in savage communities, i. 247;
  • in Africa, their rise to political power, 342 sqq., 352;
  • on the Upper Nile, 345 sqq.;
  • unsuccessful, punished or killed, 345, 352 sqq.
• —— -making by means of the dead, i. 284 sqq.;
  • by means of animals, 287 sqq.;
  • by means of stones, 304 sqq.
• “Rain-stick,” i. 254
• “Rain-stones,” i. 254, 305, 345, 346
• —— -temple, i. 250
• —— totem, i. 258
• Rainbow in rain-charm, picture of, i. 258
• Rajahs among the Malays, supernatural powers attributed to, i. 361
• Ramsay, Sir W. M., i. 36 n. 2
• Rats and mice, teeth of, in magic, i. 178 sqq.
• Raven in wind-charm, i. 320
• Raven’s eggs in magic, i. 154
• Ray, S. H., ii. [208] n. 3
• Red colour in magic, i. 79, 81, 83
• —— Karens of Burma, ii. [69]
• —— woollen threads, a charm against witchcraft, ii. [336]
• Reddening the faces of gods, custom of, ii. [175] sq.
• Regalia of Malay kings, i. 362 sq.;
  • supernatural powers of, 398
• Regia, the king’s palace at Rome, ii. [201]
• Regifugium at Rome, ii. [290];
  • perhaps a relic of a contest for the kingdom, [308] sqq.
• Regillus, battle of Lake, i. 50
• Reinach, Salomon, i. 27 n. 6, 87 n. 1, ii. [232] n. 2, [241] n. 1
• Reincarnation, belief of the aboriginal Australians in, i. 96, 99 sq.;
  • certain funeral rites perhaps intended to ensure, 101 sqq.
• Religion defined, i. 222;
  • two elements of, a theoretical and a practical, 222 sq.;
  • opposed in principle to science, 224;
  • transition from magic to, 237 sqq., ii. [376] sq.
• —— and magic, i. 220-243, 250, 285, 286, 347;
  • Hegel on, 423 sqq.
• Religious dramas sometimes originate in magical rites, ii. [142] sq.
• Remulus, ii. [180]
• Renan, E., i. 236 n. 1
• Renouf, Sir P. le P., i. 418
• Rex Nemorensis, i. 11
• Rhetra, i. 383
• Rheumatism caused by magic, i. 207 sq., 213
• Rhodians worship the sun, i. 315
• Rhys, Sir John, i. 17 n. 2, ii. [363] n. 4
• Ribald songs in rain-charm, i. 267
• Rice, charm to make rice grow, i. 140;
  • in bloom treated like pregnant woman, ii. [28] sq.;
  • chastity at sowing, [106]
• Ridgeway, Professor W., ii. [103]
• Rig Veda, i. 294;
  • quoted, ii. [368] sq.
• “Ringing out the grass,” ii. [344]
• Rivers as lovers of women in Greek mythology, ii. [161] sq.
• Rivers, Dr. W. H. R., i. 230 n., 403 n. 1, 421 n. 1
• Rivos, harvest-god of Celts in Gaul, i. 17
• Rivros, a Celtic month, i. 17 n. 2
• Robertson, Sir George Scott, i. 133
• Rock-crystals in rain-charms, i. 345
• Rogations, Monday of, ii. [166]
• Rolling on the fields as a fertility charm, ii. [103];
  • at harvest, ii. [104]
• —— cakes on the ground for omens, ii. [338]
• Roman fire-customs compared to those of the Herero, ii. [227] sqq.
• —— kings as deities in a Sacred Marriage, ii. [172] sq., [192], [193] sq.;
  • as personifications of Jupiter, [266] sq.;
  • list of, [269] sq.;
  • rule of succession among, [270] sq.;
  • plebeians, not patricians, [289];
  • how nominated, [295] sq.;
  • their mysterious or violent ends, [312] sqq.;
  • their obscure birth, [312] sq.
• —— kingship, descent of, in the female line, ii. [270] sq.;
  • abolition of the, [289] sqq.;
  • a religious office, [289]
• —— punishment of parricide, 110 n. 2
• Rome, the kings of, ii. [171] sqq.;
  • oak woods on the site of ancient, [184] sqq.
• Romove, Romow, or Romowo, ii. [366] n. 2
• Romulus, fig-tree of, ii. [10], [318];
  • legend of his birth from the fire, [196];
  • hut of, [200];
  • death of, [181] sq., [313]
• Roscher, W. H., ii. [137] n. 1, [383] n. 3
• Roscoe, Rev. J., ii. [276] n. 2, [318] n. 1, [322] n. 2
• Rose, the Little May, ii. [74]
• Rostowski, S., ii. [366] n. 2.
• Rouen, St. Romain at, ii. [164] sqq.
• Roumania, rain-making ceremonies in, i. 273 sq.
• Round huts of the ancient Latins, ii. [200] sqq.
• Rouse, Dr. W. H. D., i. 15 n. 3, ii. [82]
• Rowan or mountain-ash used as a charm, ii. [331]
• —— tree, a protection against witches, ii. [53], [54]
• Royalty conservative of old customs, ii. [288]
• Rukmini, wife of Krishna, ii. [26]
• Runaway slave, charm to bring back a, i. 317
• Runes, the magic, i. 241
• Russia, St. George’s Day in, ii. [332] sqq.
• Russian celebration of Whitsuntide, ii. [64], [93]
• —— sect of the Christs, i. 407 sq.
• Sacred beasts in Egypt, i. 29 sq.
• —— groves in ancient Greece and Rome, ii. [121] sqq.
• —— Marriage, the, ii. [120] sqq.
• —— men, i. 386
• —— sticks representing ancestors, ii. [222] sqq.
• —— women, i. 391
• Sacrifices offered to regalia, i. 363, 365;
  • to trees, 366
• Sacrificial King at Rome, i. 44
• St. Anthony’s fire treated by homoeopathic magic, i. 81 sq.
• —— Bride in the Highlands of Scotland, ii. [94]
• —— Bridget, ii. [94] sq., [242].
  • See [St. Brigit]
• —— Brigit, holy fire and nuns of, at Kildare, ii. [240] sqq.
• —— Columba, i. 407, ii. [242] sq.
• —— Dasius, ii. [310] n. 1
• —— Eany’s Well, ii. [161]
• —— Fillan, well of, ii. [161]
• —— Francis of Paola, i. 300
• —— George and the Dragon, ii. [163] sq.;
  • and the Parilia, [324] sqq.;
  • patron saint of cattle, horses, and wolves, [330], [336], [337], [338];
  • chapel of, [337];
  • as a spirit of trees or vegetation, [343] sq.;
  • as giver of offspring to women, [344] sqq.;
  • in relation to serpents, [344] n. 4;
  • in Syria, [346]
• —— George’s Day (23rd April), ii. [56], [75], [79], [103], [164] n. 1, [330] sqq.;
  • eve of, a time when witches steal milk from the cows, [334] sqq.
• —— Gervais, spring of, i. 307
• —— Hippolytus, i. 21
• —— James, i. 266;
  • quoted, 223, 224
• St. John, Eve of, in Sweden, ii. [65];
  • Sweethearts of, [92]
• —— John the Baptist, day of, i. 377;
  • his Midsummer festival, ii. [273]
• —— Leonhard, i. 7 sq.
• —— Mary, Wells of, ii. [161];
  • in Araceli, [184]
• —— Ouen, ii. [165], [168]
• —— Paul, i. 407
• —— Peter, as giver of rain, i. 307
• —— Peter’s Day (29th June), ii. [141]
• —— Romain and the dragon of Rouen, ii. [164] sqq.;
  • the shrine (fierte) of, [167], [168], [170] n. 1
• —— Sécaire, Mass of, i. 232 sq.
• Saints, violence done to images of saints in Sicily to procure rain, i. 300;
  • images of saints dipped in water as a rain-charm, 307 sq.
• Sakai, the, i. 360
• Sakkalava, the, i. 397
• Ṣakvarī song, i. 269 sq.
• Sâl trees, ii. [41];
  • and flowers, [76] sq.
• Salagrama, fossil ammonite, ii. [26], [27] n. 2
• Salic law, re-marriage of widow under, ii. [285]
• Salmon, twins thought to be, i. 263
• Salmoneus, King of Elis, i. 310, ii. [177], [181]
• Salt, abstinence from, i. 124, 266, ii. [98], [105], [149];
  • as a charm, [331]
• Samagitians, the, ii. [125];
  • their sacred groves, [43]
• Sami wood (Prosopis spicigera), ii. [248], [249], [250] n.
• Samnites, marriage custom of the, ii. [305]
• Samoa, gods of, in animal and human form, i. 389
• Sandwich Islands, King of, i. 377.
  • See also [Hawaii]
• Santiago, the horse of, i. 267
• Sarah and Abraham, ii. [114]
• Sardinia, Midsummer customs in, ii. [92]
• Satapatha-Brâhmana, i. 380
• Saturn personified at the Saturnalia, ii. [310] sq.
• —— and Jupiter, ii. [323]
• Saturnalia, ii. [272];
  • as a fertility rite, [99];
  • how celebrated by Roman soldiers on the Danube, [310];
  • Saturn personified at the, [310] sq.;
  • King of the, [311];
  • the festival of sowing, [311] sq.
• Savile, Lord, his excavations at Nemi, i. 3 n. 2
• Saxo Grammaticus, i. 160, ii. [280]
• Saxons, marriage with a stepmother among the, ii. [283];
  • of Transylvania, [337]
• Scaloi, i. 274
• Scamander, the river, supposed to take the virginity of brides, ii. [162]
• Scandinavia, female descent of the kingship in, ii. [279] sq.
• Sceptre of Agamemnon, i. 365
• Schinz, Dr. H., ii. [213] n. 2, [218]
• Scotland, magical images in, i. 68-70
• Scott, Sir Walter, i. 326
• Scratching the person with the fingers forbidden, i. 254
• Scrofula, kings thought to heal scrofula by their touch, i. 368 sqq.
• Scythian kings, their regalia, i. 365
• Scythians put their kings in bonds, i. 354
• Sea, virgins married to the jinnee of the, ii. [153] sq.;
  • phosphorescence of the, [154] sq.
• Seasons, Athenian sacrifices to the, i. 310
• Secret societies, i. 340
• Semiramis, ii. [275]
• Sena, island of, ii. [241] n. 1
• Seneca, on sacred groves, ii. [123]
• Serpent, dried, in ceremony for stopping rain, i. 295 sq.;
  • or dragon of water, 155 sqq.
• Serpents in relation to St. George, ii. [344] n. 4
• Servia, rain-making ceremony in, i. 273
• Servius on Virbius, i. 20 sq., 40
• —— Tullius, laws of, ii. [115], [129];
  • and Fortuna, [193] n. 1, [272];
  • legend of his birth from the fire, [195] sq.;
  • his death, [320] sq.
• Sewing forbidden, i. 121, 128
• Sexes, influence of the, on vegetation, ii. [97] sqq.;
  • of plants, [24]
• Sexual communism, tradition of, ii. [284]
• —— crime, blighting effects attributed to, ii. [107] sqq.
• —— intercourse practised to make the crops and fruits grow, ii. [98] sqq.
• —— orgies as a fertility charm, ii. [98] sqq.
• Shaking of victim as sign of its acceptance, i. 384 sq.
• Shans of Burma, i. 128
• Sheaf of oats made up to represent St. Bride or Bridget, ii. [94] sq.;
  • the last, [94] n. 2
• Sheep, black, sacrificed for rain, i. 290
• —— driven through fire, ii. [327]
• Shepherd’s prayer, ii. [327] sq.
• Shepherds’ festival, ancient Italian, ii. [326] sqq.
• Shetland, witches in, i. 326
• Shrew-mouse in magic, i. 83
• Shuswap Indians, i. 265
• Siam, King of, ii. [262];
  • divinity of, i. 401
• Sibyl, the, and the Golden Bough, i. 11
• Sicily, attempts to compel the saints to give rain in, i. 299 sq.
• Sick people passed through a hole in an oak, ii. [371]
• Sickness, homoeopathic magic for the cure of, i. 78 sqq.
• Silesia, Whitsuntide customs in, ii. [89]
• Silk-cotton trees reverenced, ii. [14] sq.
• Silvanus, forest god, ii. [121], [124]
• Silver poplar a charm against witchcraft, ii. [336]
• Silvii, the family name of the kings of Alba, ii. [178] sqq., [192]
• Silvius, first king of Alba, ii. [179]
• Similarity in magic, law of, i. 52, 53
• Simplification, danger of excessive simplification in science, i. 332 sq.
• Singer, the best, chosen chief, ii. [298] sq.
• Sins, confession of, i. 266
• Sinuessa, waters of, ii. [161]
• Sister’s children preferred to man’s own children, mark of mother-kin, ii. [285]
• Sisters of king, licence accorded to, ii. [274] sqq.
• Siva, i. 404, ii. [77], [78]
• Skeat, W. W., i. 360 sq.
• Skeleton in rain-charm, i. 284
• Skene, W. F., ii. [286] n. 2
• Skoptsy, the, a Russian sect, ii. [145] n. 2
• Skulls, ancestral, used in magical ceremonies, i. 163;
  • in rain-charm, 285
• Sky, twins called the children of the, i. 267, 268;
  • Aryan god of the, ii. [374] sq.
• Slave, charm to bring back a runaway, i. 152, 317
• —— priests at Nemi, i. 11
• Slaves, licence granted to, at Saturnalia, ii. [312];
  • female, licence accorded to, at the Nonae Caprotinae, [313] sq.
• Slavs, tree-worship among the heathen, ii. [9];
  • the thunder-god Perun, of the, [365]
• Sleep, charms employed by burglars to cause, i. 148 sq.
• “Sleep of war,” ii. [147]
• Smith, W. Robertson, i. 301 n. 2
• Smiths sacred, i. 349
• Smoke made as a rain-charm, i. 249;
  • of cedar inhaled as means of inspiration, 383 sq.;
  • as a charm against witchcraft, ii. [330]
• Snake-bites, charms against, i. 152 sq.
• —— skin a charm against witchcraft, ii. [335]
• Snakes, human wives of, ii. [149], [150]
• “Sober” sacrifices, i. 311 n. 1
• Social progress, i. 420
• Sodza, a lightning goddess, ii. [370]
• Sofala, King of, i. 392
• Sogamozo, the pontiff of, i. 416
• Sogble, a lightning god, ii. [370]
• Solar myth theory, i. 333
• Somerville, Professor W., ii. [328] n. 4
• Sophocles, ii. [115], [161]
• Sorcerers. See [Magicians], [Medicine-men]
• Sorcery. See [Magic]
• Sorrows, Master of, i. 280
• Soul, external, in afterbirth (placenta) or navel-string, i. 200 sq.
• Souls ascribed to trees, ii. [12] sqq.;
  • of ancestors supposed to be in fire on the hearth, [232]
• Sowing, curses at, i. 281;
  • homoeopathic magic at, 136 sqq.;
  • sexual intercourse before, ii. [98];
  • continence at, [105], [106];
  • in Italy and Sicily, time of, [311] n. 5
• Sparks of fire supposed to impregnate women, ii. [197], [231]
• Sparta, the two kings of, i. 46 sq.;
  • their relation to Castor and Pollux, 48-50
• Spartan sacrifice of horses to the sun, i. 315 sq.
• Spencer and Gillen, i. 89, 107 n. 4
• Spieth, J., i. 397
• Spinning forbidden, i. 113 sq.
• Spirit, Brethren of the Free, i. 408
• Spiritual husbands, ii. [316] sq.
• Spittle, divination by, i. 99;
  • used in magic, 57
• Spring, oracular at Dodona, ii. [172]
• Springs troubled to procure rain, i. 301;
  • which confer prophetic powers, ii. [172]
• Squirting water as a rain-charm, i. 249 sq., 277 sq.
• Star, falling, in magic, i. 84
• Stepmother, marriage with a, among the Saxons, ii. [283]
• Stewart, C. S., i. 387 n. 1
• Sticks, sacred, representing ancestors, ii. [222] sqq.
• Stone, holed, in magic, i. 313
• —— curlew in magic, i. 80
• —— throwing as a fertility charm, i. 39
• Stones tied to trees to make them bear fruit, i. 140;
  • oaths upon, 160 sq.;
  • homoeopathic magic of, 160 sqq.;
  • employed to make fruits and crops grow, 162 sqq.;
  • precious, homoeopathic magic of, 164 sq.;
  • the Day of, 279;
  • rain-making by means of, 304 sqq.;
  • in charms to make the sun shine, 312, 313, 314;
  • put in trees to prevent sun from setting, 318;
  • in wind charms, 319, 322 sq.
• Storeroom (penus), sacred, ii. [205] sq.
• Strabo, ii. [305]
• Stubbes, P., ii. [66]
• Subincision, use of blood shed at, i. 92, 94 sq.
• Succession to the chieftainship or kingship alternating between several families, ii. [292] sqq.
• —— to the kingdom, in ancient Latium, ii. [266] sqq.;
  • determined by a race, [299] sqq.;
  • determined by mortal combat, ii. [322]
• Sulka, the, of New Britain, ii. [148]
• Sumatra, i. 58, 71
• Summer, bringing in the, ii. [74]
• Sun, homoeopathic magic of setting, i. 165 sq.;
  • supposed to send new teeth, 181;
  • magical control of the, 311 sqq.;
  • charms to cause the sun to shine, 311 sqq.;
  • eclipse of, ceremonies at 311, 312;
  • human sacrifices to the 314 sq.;
  • chief deity of the Rhodians, 315;
  • supposed to drive in chariot, 315;
  • caught by net or string, 316;
  • charms to prevent the sun from going down, 316 sqq.;
  • the father of the Incas, 415;
  • Parthian monarchs the brothers of the, 417 sq.;
  • sanctuary of the, ii. [107];
  • high priest of the, [146] sq.;
  • marriage of a woman to the, [146] sq.;
  • worshipped by the Blackfoot Indians, [146];
  • round temple of the, [147];
  • temple of the Sun at Cuzco, [243];
  • virgins of the Sun in Peru, [243] sqq.;
  • the Great, title of chief, [262], [263]
• —— and Earth, marriage of the, ii. [98] sq., [148]
• —— -god, no wine offered to the, i. 311
• —— -god Ra in Egypt, i. 418, 419
• —— goddess, i. 417
• Superstitions as to the making of pottery, ii. [204] sq.
• Svayamvara, ii. [306]
• Swami Bhaskaranandaji Saraswati, i. 404
• Swearing on stones, i. 160 sq.
• Sweden, midsummer customs in, ii. [65];
  • Frey and his priestess in, [143] sq.;
  • customs observed in, at turning out the cattle to graze for the first time in spring, [341] sq.
• Swedes sacrifice their kings, i. 366 sq.
• Sweethearts of St. John, ii. [92]
• Swine, herds of, in ancient Italy, ii. [354]
• Sycamores worshipped, ii. [15];
  • sacred among the Gallas, [34]
• Sylvii or Woods, the kings of Alba, ii. [379]
• Sympathetic Magic, i. 51 sqq.;
  • its two branches, 54;
  • examples of, 55 sqq.
  • See also [Magic]
• Syria, St. George in, ii. [346]
• Taara, the thunder-god of the Esthonians, ii. [367]
• Taboo, a negative magic, i. 111 sqq.
• Taboos, homoeopathic, i. 116;
  • contagious, 117;
  • on food, 117 sqq.;
  • laid on the parents of twins, 262, 263 sq., 266;
  • observed after house-building, ii. [40]
• Tacitus, ii. [285]
• Tagales, the, ii. [36]
• Tahiti, kings of, deified, i. 388
• “Tail-money,” ii. [331]
• Tāli, tying the, ii. [57] n. 4
• Tamarinds, sacred, ii. [42], [44]
• Tammuz or Adonis, ii. [346]
• Tana, power of the disease-makers in, i. 341
• Tanaquil, the Queen, ii. [195]
• Taoism, religious head of, i. 413 sqq.
• Tapio, woodland god, ii. [124]
• Tarahumares of Mexico, i. 249
• Tarquin the Elder, ii. [195]
• —— the Proud, his attempt to shift the line of descent of the kingship, ii. [291] sq.
• Tasmanians, the, ii. [257]
• Tatius, death of, ii. [320]
• Tauric Diana, i. 10 sq., 24
• Taylor, Isaac, ii. [189] n. 3
• Teeth, ceremony of knocking out teeth at initiation, i. 97 sqq.;
  • extraction of teeth in connexion with rain, 98 sq.;
  • charms to strengthen, 153, 157;
  • contagious magic of, 176-182;
  • of rats and mice in magic, 178 sqq.
• Telamon, ii. [278]
• Telchines, the, of Rhodes, i. 310
• Telepathy, magical, i. 119 sqq.;
  • in hunting and fishing, 120 sqq.;
  • in war, 126 sqq.;
  • in voyages, 126
• Tertullian, i. 407;
  • on the Etruscan crown, ii. [175] n. 1
• Teucer, ii. [278]
• Teutonic kings, i. 47;
  • thunder god, ii. [364]
• Thargelion, Greek harvest month, i. 32
• Thebes, the Egyptian, ii. [130], [134];
  • high priests of Ammon at, [134]
• Theocritus, witch in, i. 206
• Theogamy, divine marriage, ii. [121]
• Theophrastus, on the woods of Latium, ii. [188]
• Theopompus, ii. [287]
• Thevet, F. A., i. 358
• Thieves’ candles, i. 148, 149
• Things, homoeopathic magic of inanimate, i. 157 sqq.
• Thistles, a charm against witchcraft, ii. [339], [340]
• Thompson Indians, i. 70, 132;
  • the fire-drill of the, ii. [208]
• Thor, the Norse thunder god, ii. [364]
• Thorn-bushes as charms against witches, ii. [338]
• Thoth, Egyptian god, ii. [131]
• Threatening the thunder god, ii. [183] n. 2
• Thrice born, said of Brahmans, i. 381
• Thrones, sanctity of, i. 365
• Thunder, imitation of, i. 248;
  • kings expected to make, ii. [180] sqq.;
  • thought to be the roll of the drums of the dead, [183];
  • rain, sky, and oak, god of the, [349] sq.;
  • Esthonian prayer to, [367] sq.
• —— and oak, the Aryan god of the, ii. [356] sqq.
• Thunder-bird, i. 309
• —— god, threatening the, ii. [183] n. 2;
  • conceived as a deity of fertility, [368] sqq.
• Thunderbolt of Indra, i. 269
• —— Zeus, ii. [361]
• Thunderbolts, kings killed by, ii. [181];
  • flint implements regarded as, [374]
• Thunderstorms, disappearance of Roman kings in, ii. [181] sqq.
• Thurston, E., i. 56 n. 3
• Thyiads, the, i. 46
• Tibet, the Grand Lamas of, i. 411 sq.
• Tides, homoeopathic magic of the, i. 166 sqq.
• Tiele, C. P., i. 419 sq.
• Tifata, Mount, ii. [380]
• Timber, homoeopathic magic of house timber, i. 146;
  • of houses, tree-spirits propitiated in, ii. [39] sq.
• Timor, telepathy of high-priest of, in war, i. 128 sq.
• Tinneh Indians, the, i. 357
• Toad in charm against storms, i. 325
• Toaripi or Motumotu, the, in New Guinea, i. 125, 337
• Toboongkoos, the, ii. [35]
• Todas, the, i. 56;
  • divine milkmen of the, 402 sq.;
  • magic and medicine among the, 421 n. 1
• Togoland, i. 265
• Tomori, the, of Celebes, ii. [29], [35], [110]
• Tonga, chiefs of, believed to heal scrofula, i. 371
• Tonquin, kings of, responsible for drought and dearth, i. 355
• Töppen, M., ii. [365] n. 5
• Toradjas, the, i. 109, 114, 129, 159
• Torres Straits, i. 59
• Tortoise, magic of, i. 151, 170
• Totem, confusion between a man and his totem, i. 107 sq.
• Totemism in Central Australia not a religion, i. 107 sq.
• Totems in Central Australia, magical ceremonies for the multiplication of, i. 85 sqq.;
  • custom of eating the, 107
• Touch-me-not (Impatiens sp.), ii. [77]
• Touching for the King’s Evil (scrofula), i. 368 sqq.
• Transmigrations of human deities, i. 410 sqq.
• Tree, life of child connected with, i. 184;
  • that has been struck by lightning, 319;
  • culprits tied to sacred, ii. [112] sq.;
  • fire kindled from ancestral, [221];
  • spirit represented simultaneously in vegetable and human form, ii. [73] sqq.
• —— -spirits, ii. [7] sqq.;
  • in house-timber propitiated, [39] sq.;
  • beneficent powers of, [45] sqq.;
  • give rain and sunshine, [45] sq.;
  • make crops grow, [47] sqq.;
  • make cattle and women fruitful, [50] sqq., [55] sqq.;
  • in human form or embodied in living people, [71] sqq.
• Tree-worship among the European families of the Aryan stock, ii. [9] sqq.;
  • in modern Europe, relics of, [59] sqq.
• Trees, marriage to, i. 40 sq., ii. [57];
  • extracted teeth placed in, i. 98;
  • burial in, 102;
  • navel-strings placed in, 182, 183, 185, 186;
  • afterbirth (placenta) placed in, 182, 187, 190, 191, 194, 199;
  • worship of, ii. [7] sqq.;
  • regarded as animate, [12] sqq.;
  • sacrifices to, [15], [16] sq., [34], [44], [46], [47];
  • sensitive, [18];
  • apologies offered to trees for cutting them down, [18] sq., [36] sq.;
  • bleeding, [18], [20], [33];
  • threatened to make them bear fruit, [20] sqq.;
  • married to each other, [24] sqq.;
  • animated by the souls of the dead, [29] sqq.;
  • planted on graves, [31];
  • as the abode of spirits, [33] sqq.;
  • ceremonies at cutting down, [34] sqq.;
  • drenched with water as a rain-charm, [47];
  • grant women an easy delivery, [57] sq.
• —— and plants, attempts to deceive the spirits of, ii. [22] sqq.
• —— sacred, ii. [40] sqq.;
  • smeared with blood, [367]
• Trinity, the Hindoo, i. 225, 404;
  • the Norse, ii. [364]
• Triumph, the Roman, ii. [174]
• Troezen, sanctuary of Hippolytus at, i. 24 sq.
• Troy, sanctuary of Athena at, ii. [284]
• “True Man, the,” i. 413
• Trumpets, sacred, ii. [24]
• Tshi-speaking peoples of Gold Coast, i. 132
• Tullius Hostilius, killed by lightning, ii. [181], [320]
• Tumleo, i. 213
• Turner, Dr. George, i. 341
• Turner’s picture of “The Golden Bough,” i. 1
• Turning or whirling round, custom of, observed by mummers, i. 273, 275, ii. [74], [80], [81], [87]
• “Twin,” name applied by the Baganda to the navel-string, i. 195, 196
• Twins, i. 145;
  • in war, 49 n. 3;
  • taboos laid on parents of, 262, 263 sq.;
  • supposed to possess magical powers, especially over the weather and rain, 262-269;
  • supposed to be salmon, 263;
  • thought to be related to grizzly-bears, 264 sq.;
  • thought to be related to apes, 265;
  • thought to be the sons of lightning, 266;
  • called the children of the sky, 267, 268;
  • water poured on graves of twins as a rain-charm, 268;
  • customs of the Baganda in regard to, ii. [102] sq.
• Two-headed bust at Nemi, portrait of the King of the Wood, i. 41 sq.
• Tydeus, ii. [278]
• Tylor, E. B., i. 53 n. 1, ii. [208], [244] n. 1, [374] n. 2;
  • on fertilisation of date-palm, [25] n.
• Tyndarids (Castor and Pollux), i. 49
• Uganda, Queen Dowager and Queen Sister in, ii. [275] sq.
• Ulysses and Aeolus, i. 326;
  • and Penelope, ii. [300]
• Umbrians, ordeal of battle among the, ii. [321]
• Uncle, maternal, preferred to father, mark of mother-kin, ii. [285]
• Upsala, sacred grove at, ii. [9];
  • temple of Frey at, [144];
  • great temple and festival at, [364] sq.
• Urns, funereal, in shape of huts, ii. [201] sq.
• Urvasi and Pururavas, ii. [250]
• Vallabhacharyas, the, Hindoo sect, ii. [160]
• Varro, ii. [185], [200], [326], [381]
• Vatican hill, the, ii. [186]
• Vaughan Stevens, H., ii. [236] n. 1
• Vegetation, influence of the sexes on, ii. [97] sqq.;
  • spirit of, represented by a king or queen, ii. [84], [87], [88];
  • newly awakened in spring, ii. [70];
  • brought to houses, [74];
  • represented by mummers dressed in leaves, branches, and flowers, [74] sqq., [78] sqq.;
  • represented by a tree and a living man, [76];
  • represented in duplicate by a girl and an effigy, [78];
  • men and women masquerading as, [120]
• Vejovis, the Little Jupiter, ii. [179]
• Veleda, deified woman, i. 391
• Veneti, the, ii. [353];
  • breeders of horses, i. 27
• Ventriloquism a basis of political power, i. 347
• Venus (Aphrodite) and Adonis, i. 21, 25, 40, 41
• Verrall, A. W., ii. [25] n. 2
• Vesta, her sacred fires in Latium, i. 13 sq.;
  • at Rome, the grove of, ii. [185];
  • called Mother, not Virgin, [198];
  • round temple of, [200] sq.;
  • as Mother, [227] sqq.;
  • a goddess of fecundity, [229] sq.;
  • her fire at Rome fed with oak wood, ii. [186]
• Vestal fire at Rome a successor of the fire on the king’s hearth, ii. [200] sqq.;
  • kindled by the friction of wood, [207];
  • at Nemi, [378] sq., [380];
  • Virgins in Latium, i. 13 sq.;
  • become mothers by the fire, ii. [196] sq.;
  • regarded as wives of the fire-god, [198], [199], [229];
  • among the Baganda, [246]
• Vestals, house of the, ii. [201];
  • of the Herero, [213], [214];
  • custom of burying alive unfaithful Vestals, [228];
  • adore the male organ, [229];
  • rites performed by them for the fertility of the earth and the fecundity of cattle, [229], [326];
  • African, [150];
  • at Rome the wives or daughters of the kings, [228];
  • Celtic, [241] n. 1;
  • Peruvian, [243] sqq.;
  • in Yucatan, [245] sq.
• Victims give signs of inspiration by shaking themselves, i. 384 sq.
• Victoria, the late Queen, worshipped in Orissa, i. 404
• Victoria Nyanza, god of the, ii. [150]
• Viehe, Rev. G., ii. [213] n. 2, [223] sq.
• Vines blessed on the Assumption of the Virgin (15th August), i. 14 sq.
• Violent deaths of the Roman kings, ii. [313] sqq.
• Viracocha, i. 56
• Virbius, the slope of, i. 4 n. 5, ii. [321];
  • the mate of Diana at Nemi, i. 19-21, 40 sq., ii. [129];
  • etymology of the name, 379 n. 5
• Virgil, ii. [184], [186], [379];
  • an antiquary as well as a poet, [178]
• Virgin, the Assumption of the, in relation to Diana, i. 14-16;
  • festival of the, in the Armenian Church, 16;
  • Mary of Kevlaar, i. 77;
  • priestesses in Peru, Mexico, and Yucatan, ii. [243] sqq.
• Virginity offered to rivers, ii. [162]
• Virility, hierophant at Eleusis temporarily deprived of his, ii. [130];
  • sacrifice of, to a goddess, [144] sq.
• Vishnu, ii. [26]
• Vitellius at Nemi, i. 5
• Vituperation thought to cause rain, i. 278
• Votive offerings at Nemi, i. 4, 6, 12, 19, 23
• Voyages, telepathy in, i. 126
• Vulcan, father of Caeculus, ii. [197]
• Vulture, magic of, i. 151
• Wagogo, the, i. 123
• Wagtail, the yellow, in magic, i. 79
• Walber, the, ii. [75]
• Waldemar, I., King of Denmark, i. 367
• Wallace, Sir D. Mackenzie, i. 407 sq.
• Walos, the, of Senegal, i. 370
• Walpurgis Night, ii. [52], [54], [55], [127]
• Walton, Izaak, i. 326 n. 2
• War, telepathy in, i. 126 sqq.
• “War, the sleep of,” ii. [147]
• Ward, Professor H. Marshall, ii. [252], [315] n. 1
• Ward, Professor James, i. 423
• Warramunga, the, i. 93, 95, 99
• Wasps in magic, i. 152
• Water sprinkled as rain-charm, i. 248 sqq.;
  • serpent or dragon of, ii. [155] sqq.
• —— and Fire, kings of, ii. [3] sqq.
• —— -lilies, charms to make water-lilies grow, i. 95, 97, 98
• —— nymphs, fertilising virtue of, ii. [162]
• —— -spirits, propitiation of, ii. [76];
  • sacrifices to, [155] sqq.;
  • as beneficent beings, [159];
  • bestow offspring on women, [159] sqq.
• —— totem, i. 259
• Waterfalls, spirits of, ii. [156], [157]
• Wax melted in magic, i. 77
• Wealth acquired by magicians, i. 347, 348, 351, 352
• Weapon and wound, contagious magic of, i. 201 sqq.
• Weaving and twining thread forbidden, i. 131
• Wellhausen, J., i. 303
• Wells cleansed as rain-charm, i. 267;
  • married to the holy basil, ii. [26] sq.;
  • bestow offspring on women, [160] sq.
• Wends, their superstition as to oaks, ii. [55]
• Werner, Miss A., ii. [317] n. 1
• Wernicke, quoted, i. 35 sq.
• Wetting people with water as a rain-charm, i. 250, 251, 269 sq., 272, 273, 274, 275, 277 sq., ii. [77]
• Whale-fishing, telepathy in, i. 121
• Whirling or turning round, custom of, observed by mummers, i. 273, 275, ii. [74], [80], [81], [87]
• Whirlwind, attacking the, i. 329 sqq.
• White bulls sacrificed, ii. [188] sq.
• —— horses, sacred, ii. [174] n. 2
• —— poplar, the, at Olympia, ii. [220]
• —— thorn, a charm against witches, ii. [191]
• —— victims sacrificed for sunshine, i. 291, 292
• Whitekirk, ii. [161]
• Whit-Monday, the king’s game on, ii. [89], [103]
• Whitsun-bride in Denmark, ii. [91] sq.
• Whitsunday customs in Russia, ii. [64], [93];
  • races, ii. [69], [84];
  • contest for the kingship at, [89];
  • custom of rolling on the fields at, [103];
  • customs in Holland, [104]
• —— Bride, the, ii. [89], [96]
• —— Basket, the, ii. [83]
• —— Flower, ii. [80]
• —— King, ii. [84], [89], [90]
• —— -lout, the, ii. [81]
• —— Man, the Little, ii. [81]
• —— Queen, ii. [87], [90]
• Widow, re-marriage of, in Salic law, ii. [285] sq.
• Wiedemann, A., i. 230 sq.
• Wiglet and Feng, ii. [281], [283]
• Wilhelmina, a Bohemian woman, worshipped, i. 409
• Wilkinson, R. J., ii. [383] n. 1
• William the Third, i. 369
• Willow tree on St. George’s Day, ii. [76]
• Wind, magical control of the, i. 319 sqq.;
  • charms to make the wind drop, 320;
  • fighting and killing the spirit of the, 327 sqq.
• —— clan, i. 320
• —— of the Cross, i. 325
• —— doctor, i. 321
• Winds tied up in knots, i. 326
• Wine not offered to the sun-god, i. 311
• Wiradjuri tribe, i. 335
• Wissowa, Professor G., i. 22 n. 5, 23 n., ii. [382] n. 1
• Witches raising the wind, i. 322, 326;
  • buried under trees, ii. [32];
  • steal milk on May Day or Walpurgis Night, [52] sqq.;
  • steal milk on Midsummer Eve, [127];
  • steal milk on Eve of St. George, [334] sqq.;
  • precautions against, [52] sqq.;
  • as cats and dogs, [334], [335]
• Witches’ sabbath on the Eve of St. George, ii. [335], [338]
• Witchetty grubs, ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 85
• “Wives of Marduk,” ii. [130]
• Wizards who raise winds, i. 323 sqq.;
  • Finnish, 325
• Wolves in relation to horses, i. 27;
  • feared by shepherds, ii. [327], [329], [330] sq., [333], [334], [340], [341]
• Women, fruitful, supposed to fertilise crops and fruit-trees, i. 140 sq.;
  • employed to sow the fields, 141 sq.;
  • ploughing as a rain-charm, 282 sq.;
  • worshipped by the ancient Germans, 391;
  • married to gods, ii. [129] sqq., [143] sq., [146] sq., [149] sqq.;
  • fertilised by water-spirits, [159] sqq.;
  • impregnated by fire, [195] sqq., [230] sq.;
  • alone allowed to make pottery, [204] sq.
• —— barren, thought to sterilise gardens, i. 142;
  • fertilised by trees, ii. [316] sqq.
• Wood, fire kindled by the friction of, ii. [207] sqq., [235] sqq., [243], [248] sqq., [258] sq., [262], [263], [336], [366], [372]
• Wood, the King of the, i. 1 sqq.;
  • Lord of the, ii. [36]
• Woods, species of, used in making fire by friction, ii. [248]-252
• Wordsworth, W., i. 104
• Worship of trees, ii. [7] sqq.;
  • of the oak, [349] sqq.
• Wotyaks, the, ii. [43], [145], [146]
• Wound and weapon, contagious magic of, i. 201 sqq.
• Wyse, Miss A., ii. [88] n. 1
• Wyse, William, i. 101 n. 2, 105 n. 5, ii. [356] n. 3
• Yakuts, the, i. 319
• Yam vines, continence at training, ii. [105] sq.
• Yegory or Yury (St. George), ii. [332], [333]
• Yellow birds in magic, i. 79 sq.
• —— colour in magic, i. 79 sqq.
• —— River, girls married to the, ii. [152]
• Ynglingar family, ii. [279]
• Yorubas, the, i. 364;
  • chieftainship among the, ii. [293] sq.;
  • rule of succession to the chieftainship among the, [293] sq.
• Yucatan, Vestals in, ii. [245] sq.
• Yuracares, the, of Bolivia, ii. [204]
• Zela, i. 47
• Zeus, Greek kings called, ii. [177], [361];
  • as god of the oak, the rain, the thunder, and the sky, [358] sqq.;
  • surnamed Lightning, [361];
  • surnamed Thunderbolt, [361];
  • as sky-god, [374]
• —— and Demeter, their marriage at Eleusis, ii. [138] sq.
• —— and Dione, at Dodona, ii. [189]
• —— and Hera, sacred marriage of, ii. [140] sq., [142] sq.
• —— at Dodona, ii. [177];
  • priests of, [248]
• —— at Panamara in Caria, i. 28
• —— Dictaean, ii. [122]
• —— Lightning, i. 33
• —— Lycaeus, i. 309
• —— Panhellenian, ii. [359]
• —— Rainy, ii. [376]
• —— Showery, ii. [360]
• —— the Descender, ii. [361]
• Zimmer, H., ii. [286] n. 2
• Zulus, foods tabooed among the, i. 118 sq.

THE END

Printed by R. & R. Clark, Limited, Edinburgh.

Works by Sir J. G. FRAZER, D.C.L., LL.D.

THE GOLDEN BOUGH

A STUDY IN MAGIC AND RELIGION

Third Edition, revised and enlarged. 8vo.