used in the expulsion of witches, etc., ix. 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 163, 165, 166;

carried in procession by maskers in Salzburg, ix. 243;

carried by dancers in Mexico, ix. 285;

applied to fruit-trees on Eve of Twelfth Night, ix. 316 sq.;

carried about the sowed fields on the Eve of [pg 499] Twelfth Night, ix. 316, 317;

interpreted as imitations of lightning, x. 340 n. 1

Torches, burning, carried round folds and lands at Midsummer, x. 206;

applied to fruit-trees to fertilize them, x. 340

—— of Demeter, x. 340

——, processions with lighted, x. 141, sq., 233 sq.;