a protection against witchcraft, xi. 185

—— and plane, fire made by the friction of, x. 220

Birch, sprigs of, a protection against witches, ix. 162;

used to beat people with at Easter and Christmas, ix. 269, 270

—— -tree dressed in woman's clothes, ii. 64, 141

—— -trees used to keep off witches, ii. 54, 55, xi. 20 n.;

gout transferred to, ix. 56 sq.;

set up at Midsummer, x. 177;

mistletoe on, xi. 315

—— -wreath at Whitsuntide, girls kiss each other through a, ii. 93