Traffic and General Services.  £   s.   d. 
  Superintendence, Clerks, &c. 76180
  Workmen34 40
Workshops.
  Superintendence, Clerks, &c.;95 00
  Workmen45120

An average of £53 8s. 0d. per person.

Note.—In Great Britain the costly systems of interlocking and signalling, and the block working, so as to interpose between trains an interval of space instead of time, are in operation to a very much greater extent than on the Continent, thus involving a larger staff of trained men.

[ [79] See “Aucoc, Cours d’Administration,” vol. 3, p. 345.

[ [80] The taxes in France consist of:—

1. A duty of frs. 23·20 per cent. on passenger fares and grande vitesse traffic, added to the railway charges, amounting to £3,436,164.
2.A stamp duty of 35 cents. on “recépissés” and 70 cents. on consignment notes, also charged in addition to the rates, amounting to £1,116,588.
3.A stamp duty of 10 cents, for every receipt of 10 frs. and above, amounting to £60,328.
4.A charge of 15 cents. for postage of advice note of arrival of goods, amounting to £70,857.
5.A tax of 10 frs. per kilometre for double lines and 5 frs. per kilometre for single lines, plus 5 per cent. on the value of the premises occupied by Agents, and 2 per cent. on warehouses, workshops, &c.
6.License, excise, stamp, customs, and bond duties.
7.A tax of 120 to 150 frs. per kilometre worked, for the expense of auditing and superintendence.
8.A stamp duty on shares and bonds of 1 per cent. of the nominal capital.
9.An income tax of 3 per cent. on interest and dividends.

[ [81] Mr. L. Cohen—Debate on Railway and Canal Traffic Bill, 6th May, 1886.—Hansard, vol. cccv., 428.

[ [82] See Second Report, Minutes of Evidence, Mr. Muller, page 38, Q. 1889.

[ [83] Compare Sir Lowthian Bell’s statement. “The results of my enquiry on the continent of Europe, and in the United States, justify the assertion that foreign iron manufacturers as a rule possess no advantage over ourselves in these respects ... That railway accommodation for the transport of fuel, ore, and limestone is afforded on terms somewhat cheaper in Great Britain than those charged on the Continent for like distances.” (Appendix to part 1 of Second Report of the Royal Commission on Depression of Trade, pages 345-361.)

[ [84] For quantities of 200 to 300 tons forwarded day or by one train, the rate from Gelsenkirchen to Amsterdam is 4/6 per ton, and to Antwerp 5/-per ton.

[ [85] For quantities of 200 to 300 tons forwarded day or by one train, the rate from Gelsenkirchen to Amsterdam is 4/6 per ton, and to Antwerp 5/-per ton.